Exploring the prognostic value of circular RNAs in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma using genome-wide expression profiling.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Median survival of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is around eight months and new prognostic tools are needed. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have gained interest in different types of cancer. However, only a few studies have evaluated their potential in PDAC. We aimed to identify the most differentially expressed circRNAs in PDAC compared to controls and to explore their potential as prognostic markers. METHODS: Using frozen specimens with PDAC and controls, we performed RNA sequencing and identified 20,440 unique circRNAs. A custom code set of capture- and reporter probes for NanoString nCounter analysis was designed to target 152 circRNAs, based on abundancy, differential expression and a literature study. Expression of these 152 circRNAs was examined in 108 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded surgical PDAC specimens and controls. The spatial expression of one of the most promising candidates, ciRS-7 (hsa_circ_0001946), was evaluated by chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) using multi-punch tissue microarrays (TMAs) and digital imaging analysis. RESULTS: Based on circRNA expression profiles, we identified different PDAC subclusters. The 30 most differentially expressed circRNAs showed log2 fold changes from -3.43 to 0.94, where circNRIP1 (hsa_circ_0004771), circMBOAT2 (hsa_circ_0007334) and circRUNX1 (hsa_circ_0002360) held significant prognostic value in multivariate analysis. CiRS-7 was absent in PDAC cells but highly expressed in the tumor microenvironment. CONCLUSIONS: We identified several new circRNAs with biomarker potential in surgically treated PDAC, three of which showed an independent prognostic value. We also found that ciRS-7 is absent in cancer cells but abundant in tumor microenvironment and may hold potential as marker of activated stroma.

Disparity in use of modern combination chemotherapy associated with facility type influences survival of 2655 patients with advanced pancreatic cancer.

AIM: Academic and high volume hospitals have better outcome for pancreatic cancer (PC) surgery, but there are no reports on oncological treatment. We aimed to determine the influence of facility types on overall survival (OS) after treatment with chemotherapy for inoperable PC. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 2,657 patients were treated in Denmark from 2012 to 2018 and registered in the Danish Pancreatic Cancer Database. Facilities were classified as either secondary oncological units or comprehensive, tertiary referral cancer centers. RESULTS: The average yearly number of patients seen at the four tertiary facilities was 71, and 31 at the four secondary facilities. Patients at secondary facilities were older, more frequently had severe comorbidity and lived in non-urban municipalities. As compared to combination chemotherapy, monotherapy with gemcitabine was used more often (59%) in secondary facilities than in tertiary (34%). The unadjusted median OS was 7.7 months at tertiary and 6.1 months at secondary facilities. The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 1.16 (confidence interval 1.07-1.27) demonstrated an excess risk of death for patients treated at secondary facilities, which disappeared when taking type of chemotherapy used into account. Hence, more use of combination chemotherapy was associated with the observed improved OS of patients treated at tertiary facilities. Declining HR's per year of first treatment indicated improved outcomes with time, however the difference among facility types remained significant. DISCUSSION: Equal access to modern combination chemotherapy at all facilities on a national level is essential to ensure equality in treatment results.

The impact of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration of lymph nodes on subsequent positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging: a prospective study.

BACKGROUND: Modern cancer diagnostic work-up is based on multiple modalities within a short time period. The interplay between these modalities is complex and not well known. Performing biopsy procedures prior to (18)F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is considered to pose a risk of false-positive imaging results; however, this is not based on solid scientific evidence. The use of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is commonly used in upper gastrointestinal malignancies, is proven safe, and has very little risk of complications. This study aimed to assess whether EUS-FNA induces inflammation that would increase FDG uptake on subsequent PET/CT. METHODS: 27 patients who were referred for upper gastrointestinal EUS for different reasons initially underwent FDG-PET/CT to detect biopsy-eligible lymph nodes with no FDG uptake. Patients then underwent EUS-FNA of the benign lymph nodes, with a minimum of three passes. Patients were re-evaluated with FDG-PET/CT 1 week later, with specific emphasis on the biopsied lymph nodes. RESULTS: None of the biopsied lymph nodes showed increased FDG uptake on follow-up FDG-PET/CT. No adverse events occurred. CONCLUSION: EUS-FNA prior to FDG-PET/CT did not lead to false-positive FDG uptake. The interpretive impact of minor procedures prior to FDG-PET/CT needs to be re-evaluated.

The value of contrast-enhanced laparoscopic ultrasound during robotic-assisted surgery for primary colorectal cancer.

AIM: The aim of this study was to assess the potential clinical value of contrast enhanced laparoscopic ultrasonography (CE-LUS) as a screening modality for liver metastases during robotic assisted surgery for primary colorectal cancer (CRC). METHOD: A prospective, descriptive (feasibility) study including 50 consecutive patients scheduled for robotic assisted surgery for primary CRC. CE-LUS was performed by 2 experienced specialists. Only patients without metastatic disease were included. Follow-up was obtained with contrast-enhanced CT imaging at 3 and 12 months postoperatively. RESULTS: Fifty patients were included; 45 patients were available for final analysis. The patients were equally distributed between stage I, II, and III according to the TNM classification system. No liver metastasis was detected during LUS and CE-LUS. CE-LUS was easy to perform and there was no complication. Follow-up revealed no liver metastasis in any of the patients. CONCLUSION: CE-LUS did not increase the detection rate of occult liver metastasis during robotic assisted primary CRC surgery. The use of CE-LUS as a screening modality for detection of liver metastasis cannot be recommended based on this study, but larger controlled studies on high-risk patients seem relevant.

Effect of surgery versus chemotherapy in pancreatic cancer patients: a target trial emulation.

BACKGROUND: To estimate the causal effect of surgery vs chemotherapy on survival in patients with T1-3NxM0 pancreatic cancer in a rigorous framework addressing selection bias and immortal time bias. METHODS: We used population-based Danish health-care registries to conduct a cohort study emulating a hypothetical randomized trial to estimate the absolute difference in survival, comparing surgery with chemotherapy. We included pancreatic cancer patients diagnosed during 2008-2021. Exposure was surgery or chemotherapy initiated within a 16-week grace period after diagnosis. At the time of diagnosis, data of each patient were duplicated; one copy was assigned to the surgery protocol, and one copy to the chemotherapy protocol of the hypothetical trial. Copies were censored when the assigned treatment deviated from the observed treatment. To account for informative censoring, uncensored patients were weighted according to confounders. For comparison, we also applied a more conventional analysis using propensity score-based inverse probability weighting. RESULTS: We included 1744 patients with a median age of 68 years: 73.6% underwent surgery, and 18.6% had chemotherapy without surgery; 7.8% received no treatment. The 3-year survival was 39.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 36.7% to 42.6%) after surgery and 22.7% (95% CI = 17.7% to 28.4%) after chemotherapy, corresponding to an absolute difference of 17.0% (95% CI = 10.8% to 23.1%). In the conventional survival analysis, this difference was 23.0% (95% CI = 17.0% to 29.0%). CONCLUSION: Surgery was superior to chemotherapy in achieving long-term survival for pancreatic cancer. The difference comparing surgery and chemotherapy was substantially smaller when using the clone-censor-weight approach than conventional survival analysis.

Outcome of patients with peritoneal metastasis from ovarian cancer treated with Pressurized IntraPeritoneal Aerosol Chemotherapy (PIPAC).

Objectives: There are few data on Pressurized IntraPeritoneal Aerosol Chemotherapy with cisplatin and doxorubicin (PIPAC C/D) in women with primary unresectable or recurrent platinum-resistant peritoneal metastasis (PM) from ovarian cancer (OC). We evaluated survival, histological and cytological response, Quality of Life (QoL) and toxicity after PIPAC C/D in these patients. Methods: Retrospective analysis of patients from the prospective PIPAC-OPC1 and -OPC2 studies. The histological response was evaluated by the Peritoneal Regression Grading Score (PRGS). QoL questionnaires were collected at baseline and after third PIPAC or 60 days. Adverse events were collected until 30 days after the last PIPAC. Demographic and survival data were analysed based on intention to treat. Response, QoL and toxicity were analysed per protocol (≥1 PIPAC). Results: Twenty-nine patients were included. Five patients (17 %) were non-accessible at PIPAC 1. One patient was excluded due to liver metastases at PIPAC 1. Thus, 23 patients had 76 PIPACs (median 2, range 1-12). Median overall survival was 8.2 months (95 % CI 4.4-10.3) from PIPAC 1. Biopsy data were available for 22 patients, and seven (32 %) patients had a major/complete histological response (PRGS≤2) at PIPAC 3. No cytological conversions were registered. Symptoms and function scores worsened, while emotional scores improved. Three patients had severe adverse reactions (two ileus, one pulmonary embolism); no life-threatening reactions or treatment-related mortality was observed. Conclusions: PIPAC C/D was feasible and induced histological regression in a substantial proportion of patients with platinum-resistant PM from OC. Larger studies are needed to evaluate impact on survival.

Second annual report from the ISSPP PIPAC database.

Objectives: To monitor the results of PIPAC directed therapy based on data from the International Society for the Study of the Pleura and Peritoneum (ISSPP) PIPAC database. Methods: Analysis of data from patients entered between June 15th, 2020, and February 28th, 2023. Results: Twelve centers reported 2,456 PIPAC procedures in 809 patients (median 2, range 1-18) with peritoneal metastasis (PM) from different primary tumors. Approximately 90 % had systemic chemotherapy prior to PIPAC. Twenty-eight percent were treated in prospective protocols. Overall non-access rate was 3.5 %. Concomitant surgical procedures were performed during PIPAC in 1.6 % of the patients. Median length of stay was 2 days. A total of 95 surgical complications were recorded, but only 22 % of these were graded ≥3b. Seventeen-hundred-and-three adverse events were noted, and 8 % were classified ≥3. The rate of complete or major histological response (peritoneal regression grade score, PRGS≤2) increased between the first and the third PIPAC in the group of patients who were evaluated by PRGS, and a PRGS ≤2 or a reduction of the mean PRGS of at least 1 between first and third PIPAC were observed in 80 %. Disease progression (50 %) or technical issues (19 %) were the most important reasons for stopping PIPAC treatment. Median overall survival from first PIPAC directed treatment varied from 10.7 months (CI 8.7-12.5) in gastric cancer to 27.1 months (16.4-50.5) in mesothelioma. Conclusions: The ISSPP PIPAC database provides substantial real-world data supporting the use of PIPAC directed therapy in patients with PM from different primary tumors.

Long-Term Outcomes of Venous Resections in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Patients: A Nationwide Cohort Study.

To investigate whether pancreatic resections (PR) for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is associated with worse survival when resection of the superior mesenteric vein/portal vein (SMV/PV) is required. Background: PR for PDAC with resection of the superior mesenteric vein/portal vein (SMV/PV, PR+V resection) may be associated with inferior overall survival (OS) compared with PR without the need for SMV/PV resection (PR-V). We hypothesized that PR+V results in lower OS compared with PR-V. Method: Retrospective study using data from the nationwide Danish Pancreatic Cancer Database from 2011 to 2020. Data on patients who underwent PR for PDAC were extracted. A group of PR patients found nonresectable on exploratory laparotomy (EXP) was also included. OS was assessed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards models adjusting for confounders (age, sex, R-resection level, chemotherapy, comorbidities, histology T and N classification, procedure subtype as well as tumor distance to the SMV/PV). Results: Overall, 2403 patients were identified. Six hundred two underwent exploration only (EXP group), whereas 412 underwent pancreatic resection with (PR+V group) and 1389 (PR-V) without SMV/PV resection. Five-year OS for the PR+V group was lower (20% vs 30%) compared with PR-V, although multivariate Cox proportional hazards modeling could not associate PR+V status with OS (Hazard ratio 1.11, P = 0.408). Conclusion: When correcting for confounders, PR+V was not associated with lower OS compared with PR-V.

The ISSPP PIPAC database: design, process, access, and first interim analysis.

OBJECTIVES: Several trials have documented the favorable safety profile, and promising clinical results of pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC) directed treatment in different types of peritoneal malignancies. However, until the results of randomized trials are available, the quality of documentation and acceptance by the users may be improved through a worldwide registry. The International Society for the Study of Pleura and Peritoneum (www.ISSPP.org) facilitated this process by creating a dedicated focus group and providing the funding needed for the creation and implementation of an international database. This article describes the design and the journey of establishing this international database and the first, preliminary results from the ISSPP PIPAC online database. METHODS: In 2019 the ISSPP PIPAC Registry Group started to create a database with a minimal dataset relevant to many diseases and applicable in different framework conditions. The task was divided into three phases including design, testing, implementation, protocol, handbook, legal requirements, as well as registry rules and bylaws for the registry group. RESULTS: The ISSPP PIPAC online database has six key elements (patient, consent, treatment, complications, response evaluation and follow-up). Following design, testing and implementation the database was successfully launched in June 2020. Ten institutions reported on 459 PIPAC procedures in 181 patients during the first 6 months, and the recorded data were comparable to the present literature. CONCLUSIONS: A new international multicenter PIPAC database has been developed, tested and implemented under the auspices of ISSPP. The database is accessible through the ISSPP website (www.ISSPP.org), and PIPAC institutions worldwide are highly encouraged to participate.

Aspirin as secondary prevention in colorectal cancer liver metastasis (ASAC trial): study protocol for a multicentre randomized placebo-controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer is one the most common cancers in the western world with increasing incidence. Approximately 50% of the patients develop liver metastases. Resection of liver metastases is the treatment of choice although almost half of the resected patients get recurrence in the liver. METHODS: The ASAC trial is a Scandinavian, multicentre, double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled study to determine whether adjuvant treatment with low-dose aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid (ASA)) can improve disease-free survival in patients treated for colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRCLM). Up to 800 patients operated for CRCLM will be randomized to Arm#1 ASA 160 mg once daily or Arm#2 Placebo, for a period of 3 years or until disease recurrence. The patients will be recruited at all major hepatobiliary surgical units in Norway, Sweden and Denmark and have follow-up according to standard of care and the National Guidelines. DISCUSSION: The ASAC trial will be the first clinical interventional trial to assess the potential beneficial role of ASA in recurrence of CRCLM and survival. ASA is an inexpensive, well-tolerated and easily accessible drug that will be highly potential as adjuvant drug in secondary prevention of CRCLM if the study shows a beneficial effect. We will also determine the effect of ASA as adjuvant treatment on Health-Related Quality of Life and the cost-effectiveness. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03326791 . Registered on 31 October 2017.

Indications for and clinical impact of repeat endoscopic ultrasound.

OBJECTIVE: The value of repeating endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is seldom described. This study evaluates a patient population in which EUS was repeated. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a retrospective study of patients who between January 2002 and December 2006 had an EUS scan performed; this EUS scan (re-EUS) was the second or more EUS scan performed. RESULTS: Over the study period, the department performed 3024 EUS procedures, of which 561 investigations were defined as re-EUS. According to defined exclusion criteria, 244 procedures were not analyzed further. The study group thus consisted of 317 procedures (242 patients). In 163 cases (126 patients), re-EUS was planned by the endosonographer for control of an undetermined lesion. The first re-EUS scan performed changed the further management in 91 of 126 patients (72%). Sensitivity and specificity of re-EUS regarding pancreatic cancer were 0.65 and 1.00, respectively. Re-EUS was performed in 82 cases (77 patients) where no re-investigation had been planned at the initial EUS scan but worsening of symptoms or new findings of other imaging procedures had led to an additional EUS scan. Thirteen of these patients (17%) proved to have pancreatic cancer. In 62 cases (57 patients) re-EUS and EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) had been planed in order to confirm the suspicion of malignant disease. Following re-EUS and EUS-FNA, 40 of these patients could be referred for either oncology or surgery. In the remaining 10 cases, re-EUS was performed for miscellaneous indications. CONCLUSION: Re-EUS has a substantial clinical impact on the further management of the patient.

Regional and socio-economic variation in survival after a pancreatic cancer diagnosis in Denmark.

INTRODUCTION: Pancreatic cancer is among the most lethal malignancies with a five-year survival of about 5%, and the only curative treatment is surgical resection. Denmark consists of five governmental regions and has four surgical centres. Our aim was to explore the regional and socio-economic differences in overall survival following a pancreatic cancer diagnosis in Denmark. METHODS: We included a total of 5,244 pancreatic cancer patients (WHO International Classification of Diseases, tenth version C25) registered in the Danish Pancreatic Cancer Database during 2012-2017. The data sources used were the Danish Civil Registration System, the Danish National Patient Registry and the Danish national registers on education and income at Statistics Denmark. Cox regression analysis was used to examine all-cause mortality of pancreatic cancer patients by region of residence and socio-economic status. RESULTS: Compared to The Capital Region, there was an excess mortality in the Central Denmark Region and the North Denmark Region in both men and women, whereas no increased mortality was observed in the Region of Southern Denmark or in Region Zealand. Estimates were adjusted for age, year of diagnosis and comorbidity. Adjustment for surgical resection greatly attenuated the variation in survival between the regions. CONCLUSIONS: We found significant differences in overall survival across the five Danish regions following a diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. The regional variation in survival was largely attributable to differences in the propensity to use surgical resection. FUNDING: none. TRIAL REGISTRATION: not relevant.

Short-term outcomes after minimally invasive oesophagectomy.

INTRODUCTION: Minimally invasive oesophagectomy (MIO) has gained increasing popularity. This study reports the results of the first patients operated using this technique at our department. METHODS: All procedures were prospectively registered in a database. Patients were followed until death, two years after surgery or 1 January 2019. RESULTS: A total of 150 procedures were performed (from 23 November 2015 to 27 February 2018). The median proced-ure time decreased from 350 minutes for the initial 75 pa-tients to 320 minutes for the final 75 patients (p < 0.05). Blood loss decreased from 200 ml to 100 ml (p < 0.05), respectively. The conversion rate for the abdominal procedure was 7% for the initial 75 patients and 8% for the final 75 patients (not significant (NS)). For the thoracic procedure, the corresponding figures were 11% and 7% (NS), respectively. Anastomotic leakage was seen in 17% (initial patients) and 11% (final patients) (NS); however, less than 20% of the leakages needed surgical treatment. The median length of post-operative stay was nine days for both groups. For all 150 patients, pulmonary complications were observed in 18% and cardiac complications in 11%. The 30-day mortality rate was 2% and the one-year survival rate was 86% (124 registered patients). CONCLUSIONS: MIO was introduced at our department with acceptable morbidity and mortality rates and the short-term oncological result was not compromised. FUNDING: none. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study was approved as a quality project by the Region of Southern Denmark (18/37355).

Prospective, single-center implementation and response evaluation of pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC) for peritoneal metastasis.

BACKGROUND: Pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC) is a laparoscopy-guided administration of aerosolized chemotherapy. PIPAC seems to improve objective tumor response, survival and quality of life in patients with peritoneal metastasis. We assessed feasibility and efficacy of PIPAC in patients with peritoneal metastasis (PM). METHODS: Patients were included in a prospective PIPAC protocol. Patients with colorectal PM were treated with oxaliplatin, patients with other primary tumors were treated with cisplatin and doxorubicin. Any chemotherapy exposure for healthcare workers was monitored by environmental and biological sampling. Feasibility was quantified by completion and complication rates. Response evaluation was documented by the peritoneal regression grading score (PRGS) and by peritoneal lavage cytology. Biopsy sites were marked by clips. Quality of life questionnaires were collected at baseline and after 60, 120 and 180 days. RESULTS: A total of 35 patients with PM were treated with a median of three PIPAC procedures (range 1-9). Intraperitoneal access and completion of PIPAC was achieved in all patients. Few complications and adverse events were noted. There was no risk of chemotherapy exposure for healthcare workers. The mean PRGS was reduced significantly and a reduction of the PRGS was seen in 67% of the patients. Conversion from positive to negative cytology was achieved in 23% of the patients. Quality of life was stabilized from baseline to day 60. CONCLUSIONS: PIPAC is feasible and well tolerated, may stabilize the quality of life in patients with end-stage PM and may induce histological and cytological regression.This study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov [ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02320448].

Urban versus rural residency and pancreatic cancer survival: A Danish nationwide population-based cohort study.

It is unknown whether urban versus rural residency affects pancreatic cancer survival in a universal tax-financed healthcare system. We conducted a nationwide, population-based cohort study of all patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer in Denmark from 2004-2015. We used nationwide registries to collect information on characteristics, comorbidity, cancer-directed treatment, and vital status. We followed the patients from pancreatic cancer diagnosis until death, emigration, or 1 October 2017, whichever occurred first. We truncated at five years of follow up. We stratified patients into calendar periods according to year of diagnosis (2004-2007, 2008-2011, and 2012-2015). We used Cox proportional hazards model to compute hazard ratios (HRs) with associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of death, comparing patients in urban and rural areas. HRs were adjusted for age, sex, comorbidity, tumor stage, and localization. In a sub-analysis, we also adjusted for cancer-directed treatment. We included 10,594 patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. Median age was 71 years (inter-quartile range: 63-78 years), and half were men. The majority (61.7%) lived in an urban area at the time of diagnosis. When adjusting for potential confounders, we observed a better survival rate among pancreatic cancer patients residing in urban areas compared with rural areas (adjusted HR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.87-0.98). When taking treatment into account, the association was unclear (adjusted HR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.88-1.04). Pancreatic cancer patients residing in urban areas had a slightly better survival rate compared with patients in rural areas.

Regional variation in surgery for pancreatic cancer in Denmark 2011-2015.

INTRODUCTION: Surgical treatment for pancreatic cancer carries a high risk of both morbidity and mortality. Even so, it remains the best curative treatment option. In Denmark, pancreatic surgery has been extensively centralised since the millennium, but the effect of this centralisation on patient outcome has not been evaluated. This study describes regional variation within pancreatic surgery on a malignant indication, focusing on production volume, length of stay, readmission rates and mortality. METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study of all patients with pancreatic cancer who underwent surgical treatment in Denmark from 2011 to 2015. We obtained data from the Danish National Patient Registry and the National Pathology Data Bank on length of stay, transfers, mortality (both short and long term), age, co-morbidity, and disease stage. RESULTS: Four hospital units performed a total of 691 surgical procedures (476 pancreaticoduodenectomies) in the study period. Production volume varied considerably across units with two units accounting for nearly 80% of surgery performed. Data revealed variation on rates of transfers and readmissions as well as disease stage and mortality (both short and long term). CONCLUSIONS: Data suggest that mortality is linked to production volume as well as disease stage, but the small data quantity impedes rigorous statistical analysis. Further studies on the observed associations are required. FUNDING: none. TRIAL REGISTRATION: not relevant.

Intraoperative Ultrasound as a Screening Modality for the Detection of Liver Metastases during Resection of Primary Colorectal Cancer - A Systematic Review.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancer diseases worldwide. One in 4 patients with CRC will have a disseminated disease at the time of diagnosis and often in the form of synchronous liver metastases. Studies suggest that up to 30% of patients have non-recognized hepatic metastases during primary surgery for CRC. Intraoperative ultrasonography examination (IOUS) of the liver to detect liver metastases was considered the gold standard during open CRC surgery. Today laparoscopic surgery is the standard procedure, but laparoscopic ultrasound examination (LUS) is not performed routinely. Aim To perform a systematic review of the test performance of IOUS and LUS regarding the detection of synchronous liver metastases in patients undergoing surgery for primary CRC. Method The literature was systematically reviewed using the search engines: PubMed, Cochrane, Embase and Google. 21 studies were included in the review and the key words: intraoperative ultrasound, laparoscopic ultrasound, staging colon and rectum cancer. Results Intraoperative ultrasound showed a higher sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and overall accuracy for the detection liver metastases during surgery for primary CRC, compared to preoperative imaging modalities (ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) and contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CE-CT)). LUS showed a higher detection rate for liver metastases compared to CT, CE-CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Conclusion This systematic review found that both IOUS and LUS had a higher detection rate regarding liver metastases during primary CRC surgery, especially liver metastases<10 mm in diameter, when compared to US, CT, CE-CT and MRI.

[Laparoscopic ultrasound imaging in colorectal cancer resection may increase the detection rate of small liver metastases].

Up to 20% of the patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) will have liver metastases at the time of the diagnosis, and some of these metastases may be missed during preoperative evaluation. While intraoperative ultrasound is considered the gold standard for liver evaluation during primary open CRC surgery, laparoscopic ultrasound (LUS) is not performed routinely during laparoscopic CRC surgery. Based on the available literature LUS had a higher detection rate for especially small liver metastases compared to preoperative imaging modalities, but better prospective trials are needed.

[Endoscopic ultrasonography]. / Endoskopisk UL-skanning.

Despite being a well-described diagnostic procedure for more than ten years, endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is not generally widespread in Denmark. This review deals with the present indications for EUS. For some diseases, EUS has found its precise place in the diagnostic strategy. However, in other diseases, it is not yet clear where to put EUS in relation to other diagnostic procedures.