Gills de novo assembly reveals oxidative stress, unfolded protein, and immune response on red cusk-eel (Genypterus chilensis) under thermal stress.

The heat waves on the South Pacific coast could lead to thermal stress in native fish. The red cusk-eel (Genypterus chilensis) is relevant for Chilean artisanal fisheries and aquaculture diversification. This study examined the effect of high-temperature stress in the gills of G. chilensis in control (14 °C) and high-temperature stress (19 °C) conditions. High-temperature stress induces a significant increase in gills cortisol levels. Additionally, oxidative damage was observed in gills (protein carbonylation and lipoperoxidation). RNA-seq data was used to build the first transcriptome assembly of gills in this species (23,656 annotated transcripts). A total of 1138 down-regulated and 1531 up-regulated transcripts were observed in response to high-temperature stress in gills. The enrichment analysis showed immune response and replication enriched processes (on down-regulated transcripts), and processes related to the folding of proteins, endoplasmic reticulum, and transporter activity (on up-regulated transcripts). The present study showed how gills could be affected by high-temperature stress.

Associação de variáveis meteorológicas com os afastamentos do trabalho devido a doenças respiratórias: um estudo entre trabalhadores dos Correios de Santa Catarina / Meteorological variables association with sick leave due to respiratory diseases a study involving post-office workers in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil

Introdução: As doenças do aparelho respiratório (DAR) em trabalhadores são, com frequência, atribuídas ao ambiente de trabalho ou ao tipo de atividade. Poucos estudos relacionam as DAR com as condições de tempo. Objetivo: Este artigo tem como objetivo identificar a existência desta relação através da comparação da taxa de afastamento do trabalho com as médias mensais de variáveis meteorológicas. Métodos: Para tanto, calculou-se a correlação dos afastamentos com as médias mensais de temperatura e umidade, com os valores mínimos mensais de temperatura e umidade e com a maior queda de temperatura em 24h ocorrida no mês. A série de dados meteorológicos com melhor correlação foi dividida em quartis (25%) para identificar os valores típicos de afastamento em situações extremas de temperatura ou umidade. Os afastamentos por DAR foram calculados em trabalhadores dos Correios de Santa Catarina e os dados meteorológicos foram obtidos da reanálise de modelos numéricos. O período analisado compreendeu janeiro de 2001 a dezembro de 2007, totalizando 84 meses. Resultados: Os afastamentos do trabalho devido às DAR obtiveram melhor associação, em ordem de importância, com a temperatura média do mês, a temperatura mínima do mês e o maior declínio de temperatura do mês. Todas essas correlações obtiveram significância estatística de 0,1%. A umidade do ar não demonstrou associação com a taxa de afastamento. Conclusão: Conclui-se que as maiores taxas de afastamento do trabalho devido às DAR ocorrem nos meses mais frios e secos.

Introduction: Workers respiratory diseases are frequently accounted for either their labor environment or sort of activity. Few studies relate them to weather conditions. Objectives: This article aims at identifying this relation by comparing sick leave rates with meteorological variables monthly averages. Methods: Calculating statistically the correlation between sick leave and the following factors: monthly average temperatures and humidity; monthly minimum temperatures and humidity; the highest temperature drop in 24 hours in a month. A series of the best correlated meteorological data was divided into quartiles (25 %) to identify typical sick leave values in extreme temperature and humidity situations. Rates of sick leave due to respiratory diseases were determined in post-office workers in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, and meteorological data were obtained from reanalysis of numeric models. The investigated period lasted from January 2001 to December 2007, amounting to 84 months. Results: As far as importance is concerned, sick leave due to respiratory diseases was mostly related to the monthly average temperature, the lowest monthly temperature and the highest monthly temperature drop. All these correlations obtained 0.1% statistical significance. Humidity has not been related to sick leave rates. Conclusion: The highest sick leave rates due to respiratory diseases occur mostly in the coldest and driest months of the year.