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1.
Neuropediatrics ; 54(1): 31-36, 2023 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36126956

RESUMO

Alazami syndrome is a rare disorder with an autosomal recessive inheritance caused by pathogenic biallelic variants in the LARP7 gene. Clinically, it is mainly characterized by short stature, intellectual disability, and dysmorphic facial features. However, the phenotype is not yet well-defined because less than 50 cases have been described to date. Here, we report three new patients from two unrelated Spanish families who, in addition to the defined features of Alazami syndrome, also exhibit unique features that broaden the phenotypic spectrum of the syndrome. Moreover, we describe the novel frameshift variant c.690_699delins27 in the LARP7 gene, in which loss of function is a known mechanism of Alazami syndrome.


Assuntos
Deficiência Intelectual , Microcefalia , Humanos , Deficiência Intelectual/diagnóstico , Deficiência Intelectual/genética , Deficiência Intelectual/patologia , Fenótipo , Microcefalia/genética , Mutação da Fase de Leitura , Síndrome , Ribonucleoproteínas/genética
2.
Int J Mol Sci ; 23(8)2022 Apr 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35457051

RESUMO

In the last few years, the SORL1 gene has been strongly implicated in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We performed whole-exome sequencing on 37 patients with early-onset dementia or family history suggestive of autosomal dominant dementia. Data analysis was based on a custom panel that included 46 genes related to AD and dementia. SORL1 variants were present in a high proportion of patients with candidate variants (15%, 3/20). We expand the clinical manifestations associated with the SORL1 gene by reporting detailed clinical and neuroimaging findings of six unrelated patients with AD and SORL1 mutations. We also present for the first time a patient with the homozygous truncating variant c.364C>T (p.R122*) in SORL1, who also had severe cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Furthermore, we report neuropathological findings and immunochemistry assays from one patient with the splicing variant c.4519+5G>A in the SORL1 gene, in which AD was confirmed by neuropathological examination. Our results highlight the heterogeneity of clinical presentation and familial dementia background of SORL1-associated AD and suggest that SORL1 might be contributing to AD development as a risk factor gene rather than as a major autosomal dominant gene.


Assuntos
Doença de Alzheimer , Demência , Doença de Alzheimer/diagnóstico por imagem , Doença de Alzheimer/genética , Doença de Alzheimer/patologia , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Humanos , Proteínas Relacionadas a Receptor de LDL/genética , Proteínas de Membrana Transportadoras/genética , Neuroimagem
3.
Am J Med Genet A ; 185(2): 591-595, 2021 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33305890

RESUMO

Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is an inherited small vessel disease caused predominantly by pathogenic variants in NOTCH3 gene. Neither germline nor somatic mosaicism has been previously published in NOTCH3 gene. CADASIL is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner; only rare cases have been associated with de novo pathogenic variants. Mosaicism is more common than previously thought because mosaic variants often stay unrevealed. An apparently de novo variant might actually be a consequence of a parental mosaicism undetectable with Sanger sequencing, especially in the case of low grade mosaicism. Parental testing by sensitive tools like deep targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis could detect cases of unrevealed medium or low level mosaicism in patients tested by Sanger sequencing. Here, we report the first patient with mosaic NOTCH3 gene pathogenic variant to our knowledge; the allelic fraction in the leucocyte DNA was low (13%); the pathogenic variant was inhered by his two daughters. The patient was diagnosed by deep targeted NGS analysis after studying his two affected daughters. This report highlights the importance of parental testing by sensitive tools like deep targeted NGS analysis. Detection of mosaicism is of great importance for diagnosis and adequate family genetic counseling.


Assuntos
CADASIL/genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Mosaicismo , Receptor Notch3/genética , Adulto , CADASIL/diagnóstico , CADASIL/patologia , Feminino , Aconselhamento Genético , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mutação/genética
4.
J Pediatr Genet ; 12(3): 254-257, 2023 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37575653

RESUMO

Meningioma-1 is a transcription activator that regulates mammalian palate development and is required for appropriate osteoblast proliferation, motility, differentiation, and function. Microdeletions involving the MN1 gene have been linked to syndromes including craniofacial anomalies, such as Toriello-Carey syndrome. Recently, truncating variants in the C-terminal portion of the MN1 transcriptional factor have been linked to a characteristic and distinct phenotype presenting with craniofacial anomalies and partial rhombencephalosynapsis, a rare brain malformation characterized by midline fusion of the cerebellar hemispheres with partial or complete loss of the cerebellar vermis. It has been called MN1 C-terminal truncation (MCTT) syndrome or CEBALID (Craniofacial defects, dysmorphic Ears, Brain Abnormalities, Language delay, and Intellectual Disability) and suggested to be caused by dominantly acting truncated protein MN1 instead of haploinsufficiency. As a proto-oncogene, MN1 is also involved in familial meningioma. In this study, we present a novel case of MCTT syndrome in a female patient presenting with craniofacial anomalies and rhombencephalosynapsis, harboring a de novo pathogenic variant in the MN1 gene: c.3686_3698del, p.(Met1229Argfs*87).

5.
Genes (Basel) ; 13(9)2022 09 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36140775

RESUMO

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is caused by an abnormal expansion of the number of trinucleotide CGG repeats located in the 5' UTR in the first exon of the FMR1 gene. Size and methylation mosaicisms are commonly observed in FXS patients. Both types of mosaicisms might be associated with less severe phenotypes depending on the number of cells expressing FMRP. Although this dynamic mutation is the main underlying cause of FXS, other mechanisms, including point mutations or deletions, can lead to FXS. Several reports have demonstrated that de novo deletions including the entire or a portion of the FMR1 gene end up with the absence of FMRP and, thus, can lead to the typical clinical features of FXS. However, very little is known about the clinical manifestations associated with FMR1 gene deletions in mosaicism. Here, we report an FXS case caused by an entire hemizygous deletion of the FMR1 gene caused by maternal mosaicism. This manuscript reports this case and a literature review of the clinical manifestations presented by carriers of FMR1 gene deletions in mosaicism.


Assuntos
Síndrome do Cromossomo X Frágil , Regiões 5' não Traduzidas , Proteína do X Frágil da Deficiência Intelectual/genética , Síndrome do Cromossomo X Frágil/genética , Humanos , Mosaicismo , Expansão das Repetições de Trinucleotídeos
6.
Eur J Med Genet ; 65(8): 104539, 2022 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35705147

RESUMO

Cerebral autosomal recessive arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CARASIL) is an autosomal recessive vascular disorder caused by biallellic variants in HTRA1. Recently, it has been reported that several heterozygous mutations in HTRA1 are responsible for a milder late-onset cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. The majority of them are missense that affects the Htr1A protease activity due to a dominant-negative effect caused by defective trimerization or monomer activation. The molecular mechanism related to the structural destabilization of the protein supports the practical utility of integrating computational stability predictors to prioritize candidate variants in this gene. In this work, we report a family with several members diagnosed with subcortical ischemic events and progressive cognitive impairment caused by the novel c.820C > G, p.(Arg274Gly) heterozygous variant in HTRA1 segregating in an autosomal dominant manner and propose its molecular mechanism by a three-dimensional model of the protein's structure.


Assuntos
Doenças de Pequenos Vasos Cerebrais , Transtornos Cerebrovasculares , Leucoencefalopatias , Doenças de Pequenos Vasos Cerebrais/genética , Serina Peptidase 1 de Requerimento de Alta Temperatura A/genética , Serina Peptidase 1 de Requerimento de Alta Temperatura A/metabolismo , Humanos , Leucoencefalopatias/genética , Mutação , Estabilidade Proteica , Serina Endopeptidases/genética
7.
Genes (Basel) ; 12(4)2021 04 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33921431

RESUMO

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a prevalent and extremely heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) with a strong genetic component. In recent years, the clinical relevance of de novo mutations to the aetiology of ASD has been demonstrated. Current guidelines recommend chromosomal microarray (CMA) and a FMR1 testing as first-tier tests, but there is increasing evidence that support the use of NGS for the diagnosis of NDDs. Specifically in ASD, it has not been extensively evaluated and, thus, we performed and compared the clinical utility of CMA, FMR1 testing, and/or whole exome sequencing (WES) in a cohort of 343 ASD patients. We achieved a global diagnostic rate of 12.8% (44/343), the majority of them being characterised by WES (33/44; 75%) compared to CMA (9/44; 20.4%) or FMR1 testing (2/44; 4.5%). Taking into account the age at which genetic testing was carried out, we identified a causal genetic alteration in 22.5% (37/164) of patients over 5 years old, but only in 3.9% (7/179) of patients under this age. Our data evidence the higher diagnostic power of WES compared to CMA in the study of ASD and support the implementation of WES as a first-tier test for the genetic diagnosis of this disorder, when there is no suspicion of fragile X syndrome.


Assuntos
Transtorno do Espectro Autista/diagnóstico , Sequenciamento do Exoma/métodos , Proteína do X Frágil da Deficiência Intelectual/genética , Análise de Sequência com Séries de Oligonucleotídeos/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Algoritmos , Transtorno do Espectro Autista/genética , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Cromossomos Humanos/genética , Diagnóstico Precoce , Feminino , Testes Genéticos , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Adulto Jovem
8.
Clin Cancer Res ; 25(1): 390-402, 2019 01 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30242024

RESUMO

PURPOSE: Bladder cancer is a clinical and social problem due to its high incidence and recurrence rates. It frequently appears in elderly patients showing other medical comorbidities that hamper the use of standard chemotherapy. We evaluated the activity of CDK4/6 inhibitor as a new therapy for patients unfit for cisplatin (CDDP). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Bladder cancer cell lines were tested for in vitro sensitivity to CDK4/6 inhibition. A novel metastatic bladder cancer mouse model was developed and used to test its in vivo activity. RESULTS: Cell lines tested were sensitive to CDK4/6 inhibition, independent on RB1 gene status. Transcriptome analyses and knockdown experiments revealed a major role for FOXM1 in this response. CDK4/6 inhibition resulted in reduced FOXM1 phosphorylation in vitro and in vivo and showed synergy with CDDP, allowing a significant tumor regression. FOXM1 exerted important oncogenic roles in bladder cancer. CONCLUSIONS: CDK4/6 inhibitors, alone or in combination, are a novel therapeutic strategy for patients with advanced bladder cancer previously classified as unfit for current treatment options.


Assuntos
Quinase 4 Dependente de Ciclina/genética , Quinase 6 Dependente de Ciclina/genética , Proteína Forkhead Box M1/genética , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/tratamento farmacológico , Idoso , Animais , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Cisplatino/farmacologia , Quinase 4 Dependente de Ciclina/antagonistas & inibidores , Quinase 6 Dependente de Ciclina/antagonistas & inibidores , Feminino , Xenoenxertos , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/tratamento farmacológico , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/genética , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/patologia , Fosforilação/efeitos dos fármacos , Intervalo Livre de Progressão , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Proteínas de Ligação a Retinoblastoma/genética , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligases/genética , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/genética , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/patologia
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