First evidence of pep solar neutrinos by direct detection in Borexino.

We observed, for the first time, solar neutrinos in the 1.0-1.5 MeV energy range. We determined the rate of pep solar neutrino interactions in Borexino to be 3.1±0.6{stat}±0.3{syst} counts/(day·100 ton). Assuming the pep neutrino flux predicted by the standard solar model, we obtained a constraint on the CNO solar neutrino interaction rate of <7.9 counts/(day·100 ton) (95% C.L.). The absence of the solar neutrino signal is disfavored at 99.97% C.L., while the absence of the pep signal is disfavored at 98% C.L. The necessary sensitivity was achieved by adopting data analysis techniques for the rejection of cosmogenic {11}C, the dominant background in the 1-2 MeV region. Assuming the Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein large mixing angle solution to solar neutrino oscillations, these values correspond to solar neutrino fluxes of (1.6±0.3)×10{8} cm{-2} s^{-1} and <7.7×10{8} cm{-2} s{-1} (95% C.L.), respectively, in agreement with both the high and low metallicity standard solar models. These results represent the first direct evidence of the pep neutrino signal and the strongest constraint of the CNO solar neutrino flux to date.

Precision measurement of the (7)Be solar neutrino interaction rate in Borexino.

The rate of neutrino-electron elastic scattering interactions from 862 keV (7)Be solar neutrinos in Borexino is determined to be 46.0±1.5(stat)(-1.6)(+1.5)(syst) counts/(day·100 ton). This corresponds to a ν(e)-equivalent (7)Be solar neutrino flux of (3.10±0.15)×10(9) cm(-2) s(-1) and, under the assumption of ν(e) transition to other active neutrino flavours, yields an electron neutrino survival probability of 0.51±0.07 at 862 keV. The no flavor change hypothesis is ruled out at 5.0 σ. A global solar neutrino analysis with free fluxes determines Φ(pp)=6.06(-0.06)(+0.02)×10(10) cm(-2) s(-1) and Φ(CNO)<1.3×10(9) cm(-2) s(-1) (95% C.L.). These results significantly improve the precision with which the Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein large mixing angle neutrino oscillation model is experimentally tested at low energy.

Lifetimes of (214)Po and (212)Po measured with Counting Test Facility at Gran Sasso National Laboratory.

The decays of (214)Po into (210)Pb and of (212)Po into (208)Pb tagged by the previous decays from (214)Bi and (212)Bi have been studied inserting quartz vials inside the Counting Test Facility (CTF) at the underground laboratory in Gran Sasso (LNGS). We find that the mean lifetime of (214)Po is (236.00 ± 0.42(stat) ± 0.15(syst)) µs and that of (212)Po is (425.1 ± 0.9(stat) ± 1.2(syst)) ns. Our results are compatible with previous measurements, have a much better signal to background ratio, and reduce the overall uncertainties.

Direct measurement of the 7Be solar neutrino flux with 192 days of borexino data.

We report the direct measurement of the 7Be solar neutrino signal rate performed with the Borexino detector at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso. The interaction rate of the 0.862 MeV 7Be neutrinos is 49+/-3stat+/-4syst counts/(day.100 ton). The hypothesis of no oscillation for 7Be solar neutrinos is inconsistent with our measurement at the 4sigma C.L. Our result is the first direct measurement of the survival probability for solar nu(e) in the transition region between matter-enhanced and vacuum-driven oscillations. The measurement improves the experimental determination of the flux of 7Be, pp, and CNO solar nu(e), and the limit on the effective neutrino magnetic moment using solar neutrinos.

Enfoques y fundamentos para un modelo de rehabilitación ambulatoria en personas con lesión cerebral adquirida / Approaches and foundations for a model of outpatient rehabilitation in people whit acquired brain injury

Introducción: Un porcentaje significativo de personas que adquieren una lesión cerebral necesita programas de rehabilitación ambulatoria. En Chile predomina aún un modelo biomédico de rehabilitación, no obstante, las nuevas guías clínicas recomiendan un abordaje interdisciplinario que considere las necesidades del paciente y su familia. Actualmente existe un vacío respecto a cómo operacionalizar intervenciones eficaces que respondan a este paradigma. Objetivo: Encontrar evidencia que permita el desarrollo y evaluación de enfoques en neurorehabilitación ambulatoria de personas con lesión cerebral adquirida y las posibles metodologías de operacionalización de estos. Metodología: Revisión inductiva y conceptual de la literatura. Resultados: En la literatura chilena no existe evidencia empírica ni desarrollos sistemáticos sobre los fundamentos y la efectividad de los programas de rehabilitación ambulatoria para estas personas. En la literatura internacional se destacan tres enfoques: el enfoque holista, el centrado en el cliente y el basado en la planificación de metas. Si bien tales enfoques permiten guiar las acciones de los equipos, la evidencia de su efectividad, en base al criterio de expertos y pequeños estudios longitudinales y de caso único, es aun limitada. Conclusiones: Esencial a la construcción de identidad de un equipo de rehabilitación es determinar los principios y enfoques que sustente su labor. La complejidad y diversidad de los pacientes en la fase ambulatoria requiere que los equipos posean claros fundamentos para guiar la constante toma de decisiones. Es necesaria la evaluación de la eficacia de los programas de rehabilitación ambulatoria en Chile, desarrollando metodologías acordes a la naturaleza multifactorial del fenómeno.

Introduction: A significant percentage of people who acquire a Brain Injury need outpatient rehabilitation programs. In Chile the rehabilitation field is in a transitional stage. Even though the biomedical model is predominant in rehabilitation, the clinical guidelines have begun to recommend an interdisciplinary approach that considers patients needs and their families. Now-a-days, there is a gap on how to operationalize effective interventions responding to this paradigm. Objectives: To find evidence that sustains the development and assessment of outpatient neurorehabilitation approaches of people with brain injury and, to describe the possible operationalization methodologies of these. Methodology: Inductive and conceptual review of literature. Results: In Chilean Literature does not exist empirical evidence nor systematic developments on the foundations and effectiveness of outpatient rehabilitation programs for people with brain injury. International Literature describes three approaches: holistic, client centered, and goal-based. While such approaches can guide the team actions, the evidence of their effectiveness, based on expert criteria and small longitudinal studies and single case studies is still limited. Conclusions: For the development of a rehabilitation team identity, it is essential to determine the principles and approaches that support their work. Due to complexity and diversity of patients in the ambulatory phase, it is crucial that teams have clear foundations to guide the constant decision making. The evaluation of the effectiveness of ambulatory programs in Chile is a necessity; also it is to develop methodologies according to the nature of the phenomenon.