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OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to explore the perceptions of Roma women about their experience of menarche and reproductive health considering the principles of reproductive justice. DESIGN: Qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews with Roma women ages 18 through 67 in different neighborhoods in the southeast of Spain. Using a thematic analysis, we analyzed experiences related to menarche and menstruation and their significance for reproductive health, the preparation for the phase of menarche and intergenerational support. RESULTS: The Roma women interviewed shared their approach to the experiences of menarche and menstruation as children in their family environments with a focus on access to information provided by other women in the family and community for reproductive health management. In their discourses we observed that the onset of menstruation supposes a rupture in the public and private spaces of girls and women. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that women and girls do not gain access to information that contributes to their reproductive wellbeing through their experience of menarche. Access to resources and skills to manage biological changes in adolescents could contribute to reducing the impact of cultural myths, false ideas and taboos that prevent advocacy and empowerment on issues of reproductive justice.
This study shows that the public spaces surrounding Roma women do not provide the tools and resources to promote and maintain their wellbeing and reproductive health after the onset of this important time. Sexual and reproductive health is not addressed during the time of childhood nor adolescence. Roma women lack a framework with an established discourse on reproductive justice, along with the necessary institutional resources. Preparation for and follow-up of the onset of menstruation among Roma women could be a key for their health. These results coincide with qualitative studies carried out in women from different cultural origins, in which menarche and menstruation are experienced as a transcendental fact. In other contexts, similar to Roma women, this stage in women's health lacks resources and information and an adequate approach from the perspective of reproductive health, which conditions the menstrual, sexual and reproductive health of women across their lifespan. Roma women experience menarche as a significant change in the life of a woman. They describe having lived the process as an abandonment of childhood and the beginning of an adult life, one that is implicitly linked to maternity and couple relationships. The results show that they defend the continuity of childhood among the new generation. Roma women express that they experienced menarche as an event that was traumatic, embarrassing and confusing. Menarche and menstruation are attended to in private and among the family, and masculine figures do not participate. The mother is the only transmitter of information and support during the process.
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Menarca , Roma (Grupo Étnico) , Adolescente , Feminino , Humanos , Menstruação , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Saúde Reprodutiva , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , IdosoRESUMO
Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic prompted new interest in non-traditional data sources to inform response efforts and mitigate knowledge gaps. While non-traditional data offers some advantages over traditional data, it also raises concerns related to biases, representativity, informed consent and security vulnerabilities. This study focuses on three specific types of non-traditional data: mobility, social media, and participatory surveillance platform data. Qualitative results are presented on the successes, challenges, and recommendations of key informants who used these non-traditional data sources during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain and Italy. Methods: A qualitative semi-structured methodology was conducted through interviews with experts in artificial intelligence, data science, epidemiology, and/or policy making who utilized non-traditional data in Spain or Italy during the pandemic. Questions focused on barriers and facilitators to data use, as well as opportunities for improving utility and uptake within public health. Interviews were transcribed, coded, and analyzed using the framework analysis method. Results: Non-traditional data proved valuable in providing rapid results and filling data gaps, especially when traditional data faced delays. Increased data access and innovative collaborative efforts across sectors facilitated its use. Challenges included unreliable access and data quality concerns, particularly the lack of comprehensive demographic and geographic information. To further leverage non-traditional data, participants recommended prioritizing data governance, establishing data brokers, and sustaining multi-institutional collaborations. The value of non-traditional data was perceived as underutilized in public health surveillance, program evaluation and policymaking. Participants saw opportunities to integrate them into public health systems with the necessary investments in data pipelines, infrastructure, and technical capacity. Discussion: While the utility of non-traditional data was demonstrated during the pandemic, opportunities exist to enhance its impact. Challenges reveal a need for data governance frameworks to guide practices and policies of use. Despite the perceived benefit of collaborations and improved data infrastructure, efforts are needed to strengthen and sustain them beyond the pandemic. Lessons from these findings can guide research institutions, multilateral organizations, governments, and public health authorities in optimizing the use of non-traditional data.
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COVID-19 , Pandemias , Humanos , Inteligência Artificial , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Governo , Saúde PúblicaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To explore the experiences of individuals who develop projects and interventions where community participation-action constitutes a strategic tool for reducing health inequalities. METHOD: Qualitative study based on semi-structured, in-depth online interviews with individuals considered experts in the development of health promotion strategies involving community participation. A total of 12 individuals from the healthcare, social healthcare, academic, and associative backgrounds were selected. The texts were analyzed following the thematic content analysis approach. RESULTS: The prominent strength of the processes involving the interviewed individuals is their participatory approach. However, there is no genuine commitment to promoting community participation from primary healthcare, and precarity has been identified as a significant weakness in the development of participatory health promotion projects. The sustainability of participatory processes relies on the transfer of knowledge to the community and their empowerment. CONCLUSIONS: Participatory processes have demonstrated their ability to reposition the community as an essential part of the healthcare system. It would be interesting to use a measurement tool for participation in all community health actions, both to guide their design and planning and to assess the depth of participation and its impact on the process. Enhancing community action expectations for health in the near future involves promoting a community-oriented approach in primary care and intersectoral collaboration, which requires a significant institutional and policy commitment.
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[RESUMEN]. Objetivo. Caracterizar y describir las notificaciones de sospechas de reacciones adversas de un grupo de medicamentos que se utilizaron en Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Chile, El Salvador, México y Perú para tratar o prevenir la enfermedad por el coronavirus (COVID-19, por su sigla en inglés) entre el 1 de marzo y el 31 de agosto del 2020. Métodos. Se elaboró una lista de los 13 medicamentos utilizados para tratar o prevenir la COVID-19, según fuentes oficiales y no oficiales. Desde las bases de datos de los programas nacionales de farma- covigilancia de los países participantes, se recopilaron las notificaciones de sospechas de reacciones adversas a estos medicamentos recibidas en el período comprendido entre el 1 de marzo y 31 de agosto de año 2020. Resultados. Se recibieron 3 490 notificaciones de sospechas de reacciones adversas desde los programas de farmacovigilancia de Perú (n = 3 037), Cuba (n = 270), Colombia (n = 108), Chile (n = 72) y El Salvador (n = 3). Los medicamentos con mayor número de notificaciones de reacciones adversas fueron la azitromi- cina, la ivermectina y la hidroxicloroquina. La diarrea fue el evento más frecuente (15,0%). Del total de las sospechas de reacciones adversas, 11,9% fueron notificadas como graves. La más frecuente fue la prolon- gación del intervalo QT posterior al uso de hidroxicloroquina. De estas sospechas de reacciones adversas graves, 54,5% ocurrieron en personas mayores de 65 años. Conclusión. Si bien no es posible establecer una relación causal a partir de la evaluación de informes espon- táneos, el presente estudio confirma la presencia de reacciones adversas, algunas graves, con medicamentos que se utilizaron para tratar o prevenir la COVID-19.
[ABSTRACT]. Objective. Characterize and describe reports of suspected adverse reactions to a group of drugs used in Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Chile, El Salvador, Mexico, and Peru to treat or prevent coronavirus disease (COVID-19) between 1 March and 31 August 2020. Methods. A list of the 13 drugs used to treat or prevent COVID-19 was prepared, based on official and unofficial sources. Drawing on the databases of the national pharmacovigilance programs of the participating countries, reports of suspected adverse reactions to these drugs were collected for the period from 1 March and 31 August 2020. Results. A total of 3 490 reports of suspected adverse reactions were received from the pharmacovigilance programs of Peru (n = 3 037), Cuba (n = 270), Colombia (n = 108), Chile (n = 72), and El Salvador (n = 3). The drugs with the highest number of reported adverse reactions were azithromycin, ivermectin, and hydroxychlo- roquine. Diarrhea was the most frequent event (15.0%). Of the total suspected adverse reactions, 11.9% were reported as serious. The most frequent was QT prolongation following use of hydroxychloroquine. Of these suspected serious adverse reactions, 54.5% occurred in people over 65 years of age. Conclusion. While it is not possible to establish a causal relationship from the evaluation of spontaneous reports, the present study confirms the presence of adverse reactions—some of them serious—involving drugs used to treat or prevent COVID-19.
[RESUMO]. Objetivo. Caracterizar e descrever as notificações de suspeitas de reações adversas a um grupo de medica- mentos utilizados na Colômbia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Chile, El Salvador, México e Peru, para tratar ou prevenir a doença do coronavírus (COVID-19), entre 1o de março e 31 de agosto de 2020. Métodos. Foi elaborada uma lista dos 13 medicamentos usados para tratar ou prevenir a COVID-19, segundo fontes oficiais e não oficiais. A partir das bases de dados dos programas nacionais de farmacovigilância dos países participantes, foram coletadas notificações de suspeitas de reações adversas a esses medicamentos, recebidas no período entre 1o de março e 31 de agosto de 2020. Resultados. Foram recebidas 3.490 notificações de suspeitas de reações adversas dos programas de far- macovigilância do Peru (n = 3.037), Cuba (n = 270), Colômbia (n = 108), Chile (n = 72) e El Salvador (n = 3). Os medicamentos com maior número de notificações de reações adversas foram azitromicina, ivermectina e hidroxicloroquina. A diarreia foi o evento mais frequente (15,0%). Do total de suspeitas de reações adversas, 11,9% foram notificadas como graves. A mais frequente foi o prolongamento do intervalo QT após o uso de hidroxicloroquina. Dessas suspeitas de reações adversas graves, 54,5% ocorreram em pessoas com mais de 65 anos. Conclusão. Embora não seja possível estabelecer uma relação causal com base na avaliação de relatos espontâneos, o presente estudo confirma a presença de reações adversas – algumas graves – a medicamen- tos que foram usados para tratar ou prevenir a COVID-19.
Assuntos
Farmacovigilância , Infecções por Coronavirus , Avaliação de Medicamentos , Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos , Uso de Medicamentos , Segurança do Paciente , Anti-Infecciosos , Farmacovigilância , Infecções por Coronavirus , Avaliação de Medicamentos , Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos , Uso de Medicamentos , Segurança do Paciente , Anti-Infecciosos , Farmacovigilância , Infecções por Coronavirus , Avaliação de Medicamentos , Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos , Uso de Medicamentos , Segurança do Paciente , Anti-Infecciosos , COVID-19RESUMO
RESUMEN Objetivo. Caracterizar y describir las notificaciones de sospechas de reacciones adversas de un grupo de medicamentos que se utilizaron en Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Chile, El Salvador, México y Perú para tratar o prevenir la enfermedad por el coronavirus (COVID-19, por su sigla en inglés) entre el 1 de marzo y el 31 de agosto del 2020. Métodos. Se elaboró una lista de los 13 medicamentos utilizados para tratar o prevenir la COVID-19, según fuentes oficiales y no oficiales. Desde las bases de datos de los programas nacionales de farmacovigilancia de los países participantes, se recopilaron las notificaciones de sospechas de reacciones adversas a estos medicamentos recibidas en el período comprendido entre el 1 de marzo y 31 de agosto de año 2020. Resultados. Se recibieron 3 490 notificaciones de sospechas de reacciones adversas desde los programas de farmacovigilancia de Perú (n = 3 037), Cuba (n = 270), Colombia (n = 108), Chile (n = 72) y El Salvador (n = 3). Los medicamentos con mayor número de notificaciones de reacciones adversas fueron la azitromicina, la ivermectina y la hidroxicloroquina. La diarrea fue el evento más frecuente (15,0%). Del total de las sospechas de reacciones adversas, 11,9% fueron notificadas como graves. La más frecuente fue la prolongación del intervalo QT posterior al uso de hidroxicloroquina. De estas sospechas de reacciones adversas graves, 54,5% ocurrieron en personas mayores de 65 años. Conclusión. Si bien no es posible establecer una relación causal a partir de la evaluación de informes espontáneos, el presente estudio confirma la presencia de reacciones adversas, algunas graves, con medicamentos que se utilizaron para tratar o prevenir la COVID-19.
ABSTRACT Objective. Characterize and describe reports of suspected adverse reactions to a group of drugs used in Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Chile, El Salvador, Mexico, and Peru to treat or prevent coronavirus disease (COVID-19) between 1 March and 31 August 2020. Methods. A list of the 13 drugs used to treat or prevent COVID-19 was prepared, based on official and unofficial sources. Drawing on the databases of the national pharmacovigilance programs of the participating countries, reports of suspected adverse reactions to these drugs were collected for the period from 1 March and 31 August 2020. Results. A total of 3 490 reports of suspected adverse reactions were received from the pharmacovigilance programs of Peru (n = 3 037), Cuba (n = 270), Colombia (n = 108), Chile (n = 72), and El Salvador (n = 3). The drugs with the highest number of reported adverse reactions were azithromycin, ivermectin, and hydroxychloroquine. Diarrhea was the most frequent event (15.0%). Of the total suspected adverse reactions, 11.9% were reported as serious. The most frequent was QT prolongation following use of hydroxychloroquine. Of these suspected serious adverse reactions, 54.5% occurred in people over 65 years of age. Conclusions. While it is not possible to establish a causal relationship from the evaluation of spontaneous reports, the present study confirms the presence of adverse reactions—some of them serious—involving drugs used to treat or prevent COVID-19.
RESUMO Objetivo. Caracterizar e descrever as notificações de suspeitas de reações adversas a um grupo de medicamentos utilizados na Colômbia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Chile, El Salvador, México e Peru, para tratar ou prevenir a doença do coronavírus (COVID-19), entre 1º de março e 31 de agosto de 2020. Métodos. Foi elaborada uma lista dos 13 medicamentos usados para tratar ou prevenir a COVID-19, segundo fontes oficiais e não oficiais. A partir das bases de dados dos programas nacionais de farmacovigilância dos países participantes, foram coletadas notificações de suspeitas de reações adversas a esses medicamentos, recebidas no período entre 1º de março e 31 de agosto de 2020. Resultados. Foram recebidas 3.490 notificações de suspeitas de reações adversas dos programas de farmacovigilância do Peru (n = 3.037), Cuba (n = 270), Colômbia (n = 108), Chile (n = 72) e El Salvador (n = 3). Os medicamentos com maior número de notificações de reações adversas foram azitromicina, ivermectina e hidroxicloroquina. A diarreia foi o evento mais frequente (15,0%). Do total de suspeitas de reações adversas, 11,9% foram notificadas como graves. A mais frequente foi o prolongamento do intervalo QT após o uso de hidroxicloroquina. Dessas suspeitas de reações adversas graves, 54,5% ocorreram em pessoas com mais de 65 anos. Conclusão. Embora não seja possível estabelecer uma relação causal com base na avaliação de relatos espontâneos, o presente estudo confirma a presença de reações adversas - algumas graves - a medicamentos que foram usados para tratar ou prevenir a COVID-19.
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Nicaragua presenta altos niveles de inseguridad alimentaria y nutricional. Predomina la deficiencia proteico-energética y la carencia de nutrientes específicos y al mismo tiempo presenta la superposición epidemiológica-nutricional y la doble carga de riesgos para la salud. Faltan conocimientos para optimizar los escasos recursos para adquirir productos de mayor valor nutricional. El objetivo fue contribuir a reducir el hambre y la desnutrición y mejorar la alimentación y el estado nutricional de la población del municipio nicaragüense de Somotillo, a través de estrategias educativas difundidas por el medio radiofónico. Se ejecutó el programa "Por una mejor nutrición" en la radio (1 junio al 29 de julio, 2016) y se abordaron cuatro temas: conocimientos sobre alimentación saludable, higiene alimentaria, enfermedades asociadas a la malnutrición y alimentación del escolar y se acompañaron de tres cápsulas informativas cada uno, transmitidas 1v/s y 5v/s (8v/día), respectivamente, más una sesión 1v/s de respuesta a los oyentes (maestros y niños escolares). Además, se hizo una evaluación cualitativa (grupo de discusión con maestros y promotores de salud) y se aplicó un cuestionario de 5 preguntas pre y post intervención a 600 escolares seleccionados al azar en 20 escuelas rurales. Se encontró dominio parcial del tema de higiene pre-intervención y fallas en las acciones para prevenir las enfermedades que afectan el estado nutricional de los escolares (post intervención). El programa benefició a 2.349 estudiantes y familias. Esta experiencia puede mejorar el empoderamiento de las familias y la comunidad frente a los problemas de alimentación y prácticas higiénicas peligrosas existentes, pero requieren por parte de las comunidades garantizar la sostenibilidad y replicabilidad del mismo(AU)
Nicaragua has high levels of food and nutritional insecurity. Protein-energy deficiency and lack of specific nutrients predominate, while epidemiological-nutritional deficiencies and excess overlap and the double burden of health risks. There is a lack of knowledge in order to optimize scarce resources and to acquire products of greater nutritional value. The aim was to contribute to the reduction of hunger and malnutrition and to improve the diet and nutritional status of the population of the Nicaraguan municipality of Somotillo, through educational strategies broadcasted by radio. The program "For better nutrition" was carried out on the radio (1 June to 29 July 2016) and addressed four topics: knowledge of healthy eating, food hygiene, diseases associated with malnutrition and school feeding, and was accompanied by three information capsules, each transmitted 1/s and 5/s (8v/day), respectively, plus a 1/s response session for listeners (teachers and school children). In addition, a qualitative evaluation (discussion group with teachers and health promoters) and a questionnaire of 5 pre and post intervention questions were applied to 600 randomly selected schoolchildren in 20 rural schools. Partial mastery was found of the issue of pre-intervention hygiene and failures in actions to prevent diseases that affect the nutritional status of schoolchildren (post-intervention). The program benefited 2,349 students and families. This experience can improve the empowerment of families and the community in the face of existing food problems and dangerous hygiene practices(AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Programas de Nutrição , Higiene dos Alimentos , Estado Nutricional , Desnutrição Proteico-Calórica , Estratégias de eSaúde , Meios de Comunicação de Massa , Rádio , Educação Alimentar e Nutricional , Fome , DesnutriçãoRESUMO
La alimentación y la nutrición adecuadas son el primer y el más importante de los derechos humanos fundamentales y de los determinantes de la salud de las personas. Con el propósito de ayudar a reducir el impacto del hambre y facilitar el control y la eliminación de las enfermedades tropicales desatendidas (ETDs), contribuyendo al alcance de la seguridad alimentaria en la población escolar del Departamento de Chinandega (Nicaragua), se desarrolló el proyecto piloto Hambre, miseria y enfermedad: el papel de la nutrición en las enfermedades tropicales desatendidas (ETDs) en Nicaragua. El presente artículo documenta esta experiencia. Para conseguir los objetivos planteados se organizó una jornada científica con expertos en nutrición y en las ETDs, un panel elaboró las conclusiones que sirvieron para la redacción del documento de consenso, en el cual se fundamentó la elaboración de los materiales a ser utilizados en la intervención educativa: Alimentación para crecer sano, manual dirigido a los promotores de salud y Manual de estrategias educativas: alimentación para crecer sano dirigido a los escolares. Se realizaron cuatro jornadas de capacitación que inicialmente involucró a 80 maestros de 20 escuelas, y que en la última jornada logró sumar 145 docentes. Seguidamente se desarrolló la fase de multiplicación en las escuelas, con la participación de 2.327 niños de entre 7 y 14 años de edad. En esta experiencia la receptividad de los docentes, la mejora en sus habilidades y conocimientos son una garantía para la replicación en los niños y niñas(AU)
Food and proper nutrition are the first and most important of fundamental human rights and the determinants of health of people. In order to help reduce the impact of hunger and facilitate the control and elimination of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), contributing to the extent of food safety in the school population of the Department of Chinandega (Nicaragua), the pilot project Hunger, misery and disease: the role of nutrition in neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) in Nicaragua was developed. This article documents this experience. To achieve the goals a scientific conference with experts in nutrition and NTDs was organized, a panel drew conclusions that were used for drafting the consensus document in which the development of the materials was based to be used in the intervention education: A Food to grow healthy manual aimed at health promoters and a Manual of educational strategies: healthy food for growth aimed at schoolchildren. Four days of training initially involved 80 teachers from 20 schools were made, and on the last day managed to reach 145 teachers. Then the multiplication phase in schools was developed with the participation of 2,327 children between 7 and 14 years old. In this experience the receptivity of teachers, improving their skills and knowledge are a guarantee for replication in children(AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Programas de Nutrição , Educação , Ciências da Nutrição , Doenças Negligenciadas , Epidemiologia , Fome , Desnutrição , Crescimento e DesenvolvimentoRESUMO
Objetivo El objetivo de este trabajo es describir las principales características de los artículos publicados en revistas científicas entre los años 1992 y 2007 que aborden el análisis de los factores etiológicos asociados a esta patología. Material y Método Revisión sistemática de artículos científicos sobre esta asociación, utilizando las bases de datos de ciencias de la salud y sociales: Medline, Cinhal, Web of Science, Lilacs, Sociological Abstracts, Cuiden, Embase, PsycoInfo e ISI Web of Knowledge. Resultados Se ha obtenido en el período de estudio 21 artículos, distribuidos así: 7 (33,3 por ciento) revisiones teóricas, 6 (28,5 por ciento) estudios transversales, 4 (19,0 por ciento) estudios de cohortes, 2 (9,5 por ciento) estudios de casos y controles y 1 (4,7 por ciento) revisión sistemática. De éstos, 7 (33,3 por ciento) consideraban como factor de riesgo el estrés, 3 (14,3 por ciento) la hepatitis C, 4 (19,0 por ciento) antecedente traumático, 3 (14,3 por ciento) la ocupación y en 4 (19,0 por ciento) se asoció la aparición a otros factores como los implantes de silicona, el tabaco, los factores sociodemográficos y factores hormonales. El período temporal más productivo fue 2000-2004. Se observa una gran dispersión temática en las revistas de publicación. Discusión La evidencia empírica existente en torno a los factores de riesgo de la fibromialgia es todavía escasa y dispersa. Estudios futuros deberían centrarse en generar más conocimiento sobre los factores de riesgo estudiados, para así poder contribuir a mejorar la atención, diagnóstico y tratamiento de la fibromialgia.
Objective This study was aimed at describing the main features of articles published in scientific journals between 1992 and 2007 addressing the analysis of the etiological factors associated with this condition. Materials and MethodsThis consisted of a systematic review of scientific articles regarding this association using the following health and social science databases: Medline, Cinhal, Web of Science, Lilacs, Sociological Abstracts, Embase, Psycoinfo and ISI web of Knowledge. Results 21 articles were obtained during the study period, distributed as follows: 7 theoretical reviews (33.3 percent), 6 cross-sectional studies (28.5 percent), 4 cohort studies, (19.0 percent) 2 case-control studies (9.5 percent) and 1 systematic review (4.7 percent). Of these, 7 (33.3 percent) considered the following to risk factors to be associated with the emergence of other factors such as silicone implants, socio-demographic and hormonal factors: 3 on stress (14.3 percent), 4 on hepatitis C (19.0 percent), 3 on traumatic antecedents (14.3 percent) and 4 on occupation (19.0 percent). The most productive time was 2000-2004. There was broad thematic dispersion in the published journals. Discussion Available empirical evidence about risk factors related to fibromyalgia is still scarce and scattered. Future studies should focus on generating more knowledge about the risk factors studied so as to help improve fibromyalgia care, diagnosis and treatment.
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Humanos , Fibromialgia/fisiopatologia , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Objetivo Describir y analizar el debate parlamentario español sobre inmigración y salud. Métodos Búsqueda sistemática de las iniciativas parlamentarias (IP) sobre inmigración e inmigración y salud desde el inicio del periodo democrático español en 1979 hasta 2007. Se aplicó un protocolo de recogida de información para identificar las características del debate parlamentario y los principales temas en las IP relacionadas con inmigración y salud. Se calcularon la proporción de IP de inmigración sobre el total de iniciativas y la proporción de población inmigrante sobre la población española por cada año de estudio. Resultados Se identificaron 4 022 IP sobre inmigración en el periodo estudiado. Se destaca la generación de datos estadísticos sobre aspectos que afectan a la población inmigrante (57,2 por ciento). En 116 IP sobre inmigración y salud, destaca la discusión sobre estrategias de atención sanitaria (25 por ciento) y el acceso a servicios de salud (24,1 por ciento). El 94 por ciento de estas IP fueron preguntas correspondientes a la función de control del gobierno. En 113 IP (97,4 por ciento) sobre inmigración y salud no se tomaron decisiones. Junto a la presencia cada vez mayor de población inmigrante por año, no se observan cambios notorios en las IP sobre inmigración hasta el año 1996 y en inmigración y salud hasta 1999. Conclusión El debate sobre inmigración y salud es heterogéneo. Seria conveniente fomentar la discusión sobre estrategias para el fomento de la salud basadas en las necesidades de la población inmigrante.
Objective Describing and analysing the Spanish Parliamentary debate on immigration and health. Methods A systematic search regarding parliamentary initiatives (PI) on immigration and immigration and health was conducted from the beginning of the Spanish democratic period (1979 to 2007). A protocol for collecting information was used to identify the parliamentary debates main characteristics and the main topics related to PI concerning immigration and health. The PI immigration rate was calculated regarding the total rate of PI about the immigrant population based on the Spanish population per year. Results 4,022 PI concerning immigration were identified. The main content concerned statistical information about the immigrant population (57.2 percent). 116 PI about immigration and health were analysed. The most frequently recurring topics were health-care strategies (25 percent), health-service access (24.1 percent) and epidemiological information (19.8 percent). Most PI concerned questions related to the function of government control (94 percent). No decisions were taken in 113 PI (97.4 percent). Immigrant population rates increased per year; however, notable changes in PI regarding immigration were not observed until 1996 and PI about immigration and health until 1999. Conclusion The immigration and health debate on the parliamentary agenda is heterogeneous. It would seem necessary to increase parliamentary debate about strategies and action for promoting immigrant-based needs in health.
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Humanos , Emigração e Imigração , Administração de Serviços de Saúde , Política , Administração de Serviços de Saúde/legislação & jurisprudência , EspanhaRESUMO
OBJETIVOS: Sistematizar la información publicada sobre la situación y los avances en el logro de los Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio relacionados con la salud (ODMS), así como analizar su asociación con algunos factores económicos y los pronósticos de cumplimiento. MÉTODOS: Se realizó una búsqueda de los artículos científicos sobre los Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio en general publicados entre el 1 de enero de 2000 y el 31 de agosto de 2006 en las bases bibliográficas electrónicas EBSCO, CSA Illumina, Thomson Gale, SwetsWise y BIREME. Se seleccionaron los artículos originales en inglés o español que evaluaran la situación de los ODMS o sus avances y se refirieran a factores determinantes. Se analizó la distribución de los factores determinantes de la situación de los ODMS o sus avances, los ODMS referidos, el tipo de evaluación, la relación entre los indicadores económicos y la salud, el lugar estudiado, y la situación y los pronósticos del cumplimiento de los ODMS. Se valoró la calidad de los artículos. RESULTADOS: Se identificaron 304 artículos originales, de ellos 114 (37,5 por ciento) se ocupaban de uno o varios ODMS. Los objetivos relacionados con la mortalidad infantil y materna fueron los más frecuentemente abordados. De los 39 artículos que evaluaban los ODMS y su relación con los factores económicos, en 13 se consideraban factores económicos relacionados con la equidad, la política o la globalización. Los factores económicos y políticos fueron los más frecuentemente asociados con la situación de los ODMS o sus avances. CONCLUSIONES: Existe una tendencia a utilizar variables económicas vinculadas con las condiciones de la población para analizar la situación de los ODMS y sus avances. Falta información sobre la relación con el gasto gubernamental, el comercio exterior, la ayuda externa y las políticas económicas mundiales. Los pronósticos para lograr los ODMS en los países pobres son desfavorables.
OBJECTIVES: To systematize all the information published on the status of and progress made toward the Health-related Millennium Development Goals (HMDGs), as well as to understand associations with certain economic factors and the potential for success. METHODS: A search was conducted for all scientific articles covering the Millennium Development Goals in general, published from 1 January 2000 to 31 August 2006, in the electronic databases of the EBSCO, CSA Illumina, Thomson Gale, SwetsWise, and BIREME. All original articles in English or Spanish that evaluated HMDG status, progress, and determinants were selected. The analysis evaluated the distribution of determinants of HMDG status or progress, the HMDGs referred to, the study type, the relationship between economic indicators and health, the study location, and the status and potential for attaining the HMDGs. The quality of the articles was also rated. RESULTS: Of the 304 original articles found, 114 (37.5 percent) covered one or more HMDGs. The most frequently addressed goals were those concerning infant and maternal mortality. Of the 39 articles that evaluated HMDGs and their association with economic variables, 13 dealt with economic factors related to equity, policy, or globalization. Economic and policy factors were most frequently associated with HMDG status or progress. CONCLUSIONS: There is a definitive trend toward measuring HMDG status and progress according to economic factors that reflect the population's condition. There is an information gap regarding government spending, international commerce, international aid, and global economic policy. The potential for achieving HMDGs in poor countries is low.
Assuntos
Humanos , Desenvolvimento Econômico , Objetivos , Indicadores Básicos de Saúde , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
Objetivo: Explorar la autopercepción sobre condiciones laborales y salud en inmigrantes colombianos en Alicante, España. Material y método Estudio cualitativo descriptivo mediante 11 entrevistas y 2 grupos de discusión en trabajadores con y sin permiso de trabajo y residencia de más de 6 meses en la provincia de Alicante (España), durante los meses de noviembre de 2006 a enero de 2007. Se realizó análisis narrativo de contenido y se obtuvieron categorías mixtas de acuerdo y disenso. Resultados: La inmigración es entendida como un proyecto para mejorar las condiciones socioeconómicas del trabajador inmigrante y su familia. El reconocimiento social y laboral puede evitar la aparición de fenómenos de exclusión y discriminación. Las personas entrevistadas asociaron sus problemas de salud con sus condiciones de vida, manifestando que constituyen limitaciones para la realización de actividades cotidianas. Conclusiones: La situación laboral y de salud es considerada desde una perspectiva multidimensional, asociada a condiciones biológicas y socioculturales. Sería necesaria una mayor acción política para mejorar la situación económica, laboral y de salud de la población inmigrante.
Objective: Exploring the self-perceptions of a group of migrants from Colombia living in Alicante , Spain , regarding their working conditions and health. Material and methods This was a qualitative and descriptive research was conducted on a group of Colombian workers (with and without legal permission to work) having lived in Alicante ( Spain ) for more than 6 months. 11 interviews were carried out, plus 2 focal groups, from November 2006 to January 2007. The interviews were recorded and transcribed. A narrative analysis of the contents was carried out, a mixture of categories being obtained from different viewpoints. Results: Immigration was understood as being an action for improving an immigrant worker and family's socioeconomic conditions. Work and social recognition should lead to avoiding exclusion and discrimination. The people interviewed had associated their health problems with their living conditions. Such problems were considered to be a limitation on carrying out their daily activities. Conclusions: Working and health situations were perceived from a multi-dimensional perspective associated with biological and socio-cultural conditions. More political action should be taken for improving immigrant people's economic, work and health conditions.
Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Nível de Saúde , Autoimagem , Migrantes , Trabalho , Colômbia/etnologia , EspanhaRESUMO
OBJETIVOS: Analizar los artículos publicados en revistas científicas entre los años 2000 y 2005 enfocados en los hombres que maltratan a sus parejas e identificar las características de los estudios empíricos cuantitativos. MÉTODOS:Revisión sistemática de los artículos publicados entre enero de 2000 y junio de 2005 que se centran en el tema de los hombres que maltratan a sus parejas. La búsqueda se realizó en las bases de datos EconLit, Embase, Eric, Francis, índice Médico Español, ISI Web of Knowledge -Web of Science y Current Contents-, Medline, Psicodoc, PsycInfo y Sociological Abstracts. RESULTADOS: Se identificaron 944 estudios, de los cuales 61 (6,5 por ciento) se centraron en el análisis. Treinta y cuatro (55,7 por ciento) se publicaron en revistas especializadas en la violencia y solamente 4 (6,6 por ciento) se publicaron en revistas de Ciencias Médicas; 47 (77,0 por ciento) procedían de instituciones norteamericanas -especialmente de los Estados Unidos de América (70,5 por ciento)- y solamente 1 (1,6 por ciento) artículo procedía de América Latina (Puerto Rico). De los 29 artículos que utilizaron métodos de análisis cuantitativo, 19 (65,5 por ciento) abordaron las causas o factores de riesgo relacionados con la violencia doméstica como eje central de su investigación y 10 (34,5 por ciento) centraron su atención en intervenciones dirigidas a los agresores. CONCLUSIONES: Se encontraron pocos estudios científicos que abordaran la etiología de la violencia contra la mujer en la pareja y los encontrados utilizaron diseños epidemiológicos sin el suficiente poder explicativo para establecer relaciones causales. Los estudios que se centran en el problema desde un punto de vista curativo no presentan suficiente evidencia acerca de la eficacia de los programas dirigidos a maltratadores. No se encontraron estudios publicados en revistas de salud pública. La carencia de mayor información científica puede estar impidiendo que se tomen decisiones...
OBJECTIVES: To analyze articles published in scientific journals from 2000 to 2005 that specifically focus on men who abuse their female partner, and to identify characteristics that the quantitative empirical studies have in common. METHODS: A systematic review of articles published from January 2000 to June 2005 on the topic of men who abuse their female partner was conducted by searching the following databases: EconLit, Embase, Eric, Francis, índice Médico Español, ISI Web of Knowledge (Web of Science and Current Contents), Medline, Psicodoc, PsycInfo, and Sociological Abstracts. RESULTS: Of the 944 studies identified, victim-specific articles were eliminated, and 61 (6.5 percent) were analyzed. Of these, violence-related journals had published 34 (55.7 percent); medical sciences journals had published only 4 (6.6 percent). North American institutions had published 47 of the 61 articles (77.0 percent), most of which were from the United States of America (70.5 percent), and only 1 article (1.6 percent) came from Latin America (Puerto Rico). Of the 29 articles that employed quantitative analysis, 19 (65.5 percent) examined the etiology of and risk factors related to domestic violence, and 10 (34.5 percent) focused on interventions geared toward the aggressor. CONCLUSIONS: Few scientific studies were found that tackled the causes of violence against the female partner, and those that did used epidemiological methods that fell short of quantifying the causes of partner violence. Studies that approach the issue from a curative angle do not provide enough evidence on the effectiveness of programs aimed at abusers. No articles were found in public health journals. The absence of scientific literature on this topic could be impeding informed policy-making and hindering efforts to put more effective intervention programs in place.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Homens/psicologia , Maus-Tratos Conjugais , Bibliometria , Causalidade , Bases de Dados Bibliográficas/estatística & dados numéricos , Projetos de Pesquisa Epidemiológica , Fatores de Risco , Maus-Tratos Conjugais/prevenção & controle , Maus-Tratos Conjugais/psicologia , Maus-Tratos Conjugais/estatística & dados numéricos , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Saúde GlobalAssuntos
Estratégias de Saúde Globais , Indicadores Econômicos , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Política , Desenvolvimento Econômico , Estratégias de Saúde Globais , Indicadores Econômicos , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Política , Desenvolvimento Econômico , Desenvolvimento Econômico , Indicadores Básicos de Saúde , Fatores SocioeconômicosAssuntos
Violência contra a Mulher , Maus-Tratos Conjugais , Revisão , Violência Doméstica , Mulheres Maltratadas , Maus-Tratos Conjugais , Violência Doméstica , Revisão , Homens , Maus-Tratos Conjugais , Bibliometria , Causalidade , Bases de Dados Bibliográficas , Projetos de Pesquisa Epidemiológica , Estados Unidos , Fatores de Risco , Saúde GlobalRESUMO
Violence against women is an extreme manifestation of gender inequality in society and a seriousviolation of fundamental human rights. Intimate partner violence (IPV) is the most common typeof such violence and takes place within couples. IPV can lead to death, physical injury, functionalimpairment, mental health problems, negative health behaviour, chronic conditions and reproductivehealth problems. Institutional discrimination, lack of access to or knowledge of services, and culturaldifferences can prevent women who are not only experiencing IPV but also migrants or members ofethnic minorities from seeking help. This policy brief aims to provide input into the role of the healthsector in preventing and addressing IPV among migrant women and those of ethnic minorities. Itdescribes the scope of the problem, presenting key evidence, and makes recommendations for healthpolicy and health systems, health facilities and health service providers.
Assuntos
Mulheres Maltratadas , Violência Doméstica , Etnicidade , Política de Saúde , MigrantesRESUMO
Violence against women is an extreme manifestation of gender inequality in society and a serious violation of fundamental human rights. Intimate partner violence (IPV) is the most common type of such violence and takes place within couples. IPV can lead to death, physical injury, functional impairment, mental health problems, negative health behaviour, chronic conditions and reproductive health problems. Institutional discrimination, lack of access to or knowledge of services, and cultural differences can prevent women who are not only experiencing IPV but also migrants or members of ethnic minorities from seeking help. This policy brief aims to provide input into the role of the health sector in preventing and addressing IPV among migrant women and those of ethnic minorities. It describes the scope of the problem, presenting key evidence, and makes recommendations for health policy and health systems, health facilities and health service providers.