RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Pheochromocytomas are rare tumors which can present with heterogeneous secretion profiles, clinical manifestations, and radiologic appearance. Under a histopathological point of view, they can be characterized as more or less aggressive with the Pheochromocytoma of the Adrenal gland Scaled Score (PASS) and the Grading system for Adrenal Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma (GAPP) score. The aim of this study is to analyze the texture analysis characteristics of pheochromocytoma and identify whether the texture analysis can yield information aiding in the diagnosis and the characterization of those tumors. METHODS: Radiological, biochemical, and histopathological data regarding 30 consecutive patients with histologically confirmed pheochromocytoma were analyzed. Images obtained in the unenhanced, late arterial, venous, and delayed phases were used for the texture analysis. RESULTS: Urinary epinephrine and metanephrine levels showed a significant correlation (R2 = 0.946; R2 = 699) in the multivariate linear model with texture features, as well as Ki-67 (R2 = 0.397), PASS score (R2 = 0.182), GAPP score (R2 = 0.705), and cellularity showed a significant correlation (R2 = 0.389). The cluster analysis based on radiomic features resulted in 2 clusters, with significative differences in terms of systolic and diastolic blood pressure values at the time of diagnosis (p = 0.025), GAPP score (4 vs 6, p = 0.05), histological pattern (1-2, p = 0.039), and comedonecrosis (0% vs 50%, p = 0.013). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, our study provides the proof of concept for the use of texture analysis on contrast-enhanced CT images as a noninvasive, quantitative tool for helping in the characterization of the clinical, biochemical, and histopathological features of pheochromocytoma.
Assuntos
Neoplasias das Glândulas Suprarrenais , Paraganglioma , Feocromocitoma , Neoplasias das Glândulas Suprarrenais/patologia , Humanos , Metanefrina , Paraganglioma/patologia , Feocromocitoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Feocromocitoma/patologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Adrenal lipid-poor adenomas (LPA) are defined by high unenhanced density (≥ 10 HU), and absolute and relative contrast medium washout > 60% and > 40%, respectively, at computerized tomography (CT). To date, no thorough histopathological characterization has been performed in those frequent lesions (one-third of adrenal adenomas). Our aim was to analyze the histopathological characteristics of adrenal LPA. METHODS: Patients with LPA (n = 57) were selected among consecutive subjects referred for an adrenal incidentaloma or ACTH-independent Cushing syndrome. FluoroDeoxyGlucose-Positron Emission Tomography (FDG-PET) was performed in 37 patients. In patients treated by adrenalectomy (n = 17), Weiss score and Lin-Weiss-Bisceglia score (in tumors composed entirely or predominantly of oncocytes) were calculated. RESULTS: Radiological parameters did not differ among patients with ACTH-independent Cushing syndrome (n = 6) and those with adrenal incidentalomas associated with primary aldosteronism (n = 2), autonomous cortisol secretion (n = 14), or non-functioning (n = 35). Patients treated by adrenalectomy had larger tumors (28.9 ± 11.2 vs 17.3 ± 8.4 mm, P < 0.001), higher CT unenhanced density (29.1 ± 11.0 vs 23.1 ± 9.0 HU, P = 0.043), and FDG-PET adrenal uptake (9.0 ± 6.4 vs 4.4 ± 2.3 SUV, P = 0.003) than non-operated ones. Oncocytic features > 75% of the tumor were detected in 12/17 cases (70.6%). Five of those showed borderline-malignant histopathological characteristics by Lin-Weiss-Bisceglia score. Among remaining non-oncocytic tumors, 1/5 had a Weiss score ≥ 3. Overall, 6/17 tumors (35.3%) had borderline-malignant potential. Radiological parameters were similar between patients with benign and borderline-malignant tumors. CONCLUSIONS: Adrenal LPA are a heterogeneous group of tumors, mostly composed of oncocytomas. Up to 1/3 of those tumors may have a borderline-malignant potential at histopathology.
Assuntos
Adenoma/diagnóstico , Neoplasias das Glândulas Suprarrenais/diagnóstico , Síndrome de ACTH Ectópico/diagnóstico , Síndrome de ACTH Ectópico/etiologia , Síndrome de ACTH Ectópico/metabolismo , Síndrome de ACTH Ectópico/patologia , Adenoma/metabolismo , Adenoma/patologia , Neoplasias das Glândulas Suprarrenais/metabolismo , Neoplasias das Glândulas Suprarrenais/patologia , Hormônio Adrenocorticotrópico/metabolismo , Adulto , Idoso , Biópsia , Estudos de Coortes , Síndrome de Cushing/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Cushing/etiologia , Síndrome de Cushing/metabolismo , Síndrome de Cushing/patologia , Feminino , Fluordesoxiglucose F18 , Humanos , Itália , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
Although the diagnosis of visceral pseudoaneurysm is unusual, it requires emergent attention due to the risk of rupture. We describe a 70-year-old man with a gastroduodenal artery pseudoaneurysm that manifested as recurrent hemorrhage. We highlight the possible etiologies, clinical presentations, diagnostic tools, and treatment options for this condition. In this instance, the patient was successfully treated by selective angioembolization. A visceral pseudoaneurysm should be considered in patients with abdominal pain and GI hemorrhage. At present, angioembolization is a first-line therapy.
Assuntos
Falso Aneurisma/diagnóstico por imagem , Falso Aneurisma/cirurgia , Artéria Gástrica/diagnóstico por imagem , Artéria Gástrica/cirurgia , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/diagnóstico por imagem , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/cirurgia , Idoso , Duodeno/irrigação sanguínea , Duodeno/diagnóstico por imagem , Duodeno/cirurgia , Endoscopia Gastrointestinal/métodos , Humanos , Masculino , RecidivaRESUMO
AIM: To identify, in vitro, the best fruit juice to use as oral contrast agent in magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) and to test, in vivo, the best natural juice and the new parameters in MRCP sequences identified in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The in vitro evaluations consisted of measuring the T2 values of a pure solution of manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe) at different concentrations, measuring the content of Mn and Fe in five commercial juices and their T2 relaxation times, and identifying the optimal juice dilution for suppressing the gastrointestinal fluid signal. The new parameters of MRCP sequences were tested in vivo. RESULTS: Manganese alone strongly influenced the shortening of the T2 values (p=0.004). The T2 value with an echo time (TE) of ≥1,000 ms enabled sufficient intestinal fluid suppression in the case of high juice dilution. A flip angle of 90° maximised the differences between the high signal from static fluids, such as the bile and the fluid in the gastrointestinal tract, using fast imaging employing steady-state acquisition (FIESTA) sequences (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The shortening of the T2 relaxation time depended only on the Mn concentration. All the commercial juices had an Mn concentration sufficient to suppress the gastrointestinal fluid signal using long TE sequences. The oral ingestion of commercial juice before MRCP was enough to suppress the signal from the gastrointestinal fluids, regardless of its dilution after ingestion. When using FIESTA sequences, a flip angle of 90° allowed the best suppression of gastrointestinal fluid signals.
Assuntos
Colangiopancreatografia por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Meios de Contraste/administração & dosagem , Sucos de Frutas e Vegetais , Administração Oral , Meios de Contraste/química , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Ferro/química , Manganês/químicaRESUMO
AIM: During our daily clinical practice using 11C-Choline PET/CT for restaging patients affected by relapsing prostate cancer (rPCa) we noticed an unusual but significant occurrence of hypodense hepatic lesions with a different tracer uptake. Thus, we decided to evaluate the possible correlation between rPCa and these lesions as possible hepatic metastases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively enrolled 542 patients diagnosed with rPCa in biochemical relapse after a radical treatment (surgery and/or radiotherapy). Among these, patients with a second tumor or other benign hepatic diseases were excluded. All patients underwent 11C-Choline PET/CT during the standard restaging workup of their disease. We analyzed CT images to evaluate the presence of hypodense lesions and PET images to identify the relative tracer uptake. In accordance to the subsequent oncological history, five clinical scenarios were recognized [Table 1]: normal low dose CT (ldCT) and normal tracer distribution (Group A); evidence of previously unknown hepatic round hypodense areas at ldCT with normal rim uptake (Group B); evidence of previously known hepatic round hypodense areas at ldCT stable over time and with normal rim uptake (Group C); evidence of previously known hepatic round hypodense areas at ldCT, in a previous PET/CT scan, with or without rim uptake and significantly changing over time in terms of size and/or uptake (Group D); evidence of hepatic round hypodense areas at ldCT with or without rim uptake confirmed as prostate liver metastases by histopathology, triple phase ceCT, ce-ultra sound (CEUS) and clinical/biochemical evaluation (Group E). We evaluated the correlation with PSA level at time of scan, rim SUVmax and association with local relapse or non-hepatic metastases (lymph nodes, bone, other parenchyma). RESULTS: Five hundred and forty-two consecutive patients were retrospectively enrolled. In 140 of the 542 patients more than one 11C-choline PET/CT had been performed. A total of 742 11C-Choline PET/CT scans were analyzed. Of the 542 patients enrolled, 456 (84.1%) had a normal appearance of the liver both at ldCT and PET (Group A). 19/542 (3,5%) belonged to Group B, 13/542 (2.4%) to Group C, 37/542 (6.8%) to Group D and 18/542 (3.3%) to Group E. Mean SUVmax of the rim was: 4.5 for Group B; 4.2 for Group C; 4.8 for Group D; 5.9 for Group E. Mean PSA level was 5.27 for Group A, 7.9 for Group B, 10.04 for Group C, 10.01 for Group D, 9.36 for Group E. Presence of positive findings at 11C-Choline PET/CT in any further anatomical area (local relapse, lymph node, bone, other extra hepatic sites) correlated with an higher PSA (p = 0.0285). In both the univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analyses. PSA, SUVmax of the rim, local relapse, positive nodes were not associated to liver mets (Groups D-E) (p > 0.05). On the contrary, a significant correlation was found between the presence of liver metG (group D-E) and bone lesions (p= 0.00193). CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that liver metastases in relapsing prostate cancer may occur frequently. The real incidence evaluation needs more investigations. In this case and despite technical limitations, Choline PET/CT shows alterations of tracer distribution within the liver that could eventually be mistaken for simple cysts but can be suspected when associated to high trigger PSA, concomitant bone lesions or modification over time. In this clinical setting an accurate analysis of liver tracer distribution (increased or decreased uptake) by the nuclear medicine physician is, therefore, mandatory.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Hepáticas/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons combinada à Tomografia Computadorizada , Neoplasias da Próstata/patologia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Radioisótopos de Carbono , Colina , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/secundário , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons , Antígeno Prostático Específico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
BACKGROUND: When comparing the efficacy of surgical and non-surgical therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a major limitation is the causal inference problem. This concerns the impossibility of seeing both outcomes of two different treatments for the same individual at the same time because one is inevitably missing. This aspect can be addressed methodologically by estimating the so-called average treatment effect (ATE). METHODS: To estimate the ATE of hepatic resection over locoregional therapies for HCC, data from patients treated in two tertiary care settings between August 2000 and December 2014 were used to obtain counterfactual outcomes using an inverse probability weight survival adjustment. RESULTS: A total of 1585 patients were enrolled: 815 underwent hepatic resection, 337 radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and 433 transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). The option of operating on all patients who had tumour ablation returned an ATE of +9·8 months for resection (effect size 0·111; adjusted P = 0·064). The option of operating on all patients who had TACE returned an ATE of +27·9 months (effect size 0·383; adjusted P < 0·001). The ATE of surgery was negligible in patients undergoing ablation for very early HCCs (effect size 0·027; adjusted P = 0·627), independently of albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) grade; or in patients with ALBI liver function grade 2 (effect size 0·083; adjusted P = 0·213), independently of tumour stage. In all other instances, the ATE of surgery was notably greater. Operating on patients who had TACE with multinodular HCC beyond the Milan criteria resulted in a mild ATE (effect size 0·140; adjusted P = 0·037). CONCLUSION: ATE estimation suggests that hepatic resection is a better treatment option than ablation and TACE in patients with HCC.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Hepatocelular/terapia , Ablação por Cateter , Quimioembolização Terapêutica , Hepatectomia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/terapia , Modelos Logísticos , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/mortalidade , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/cirurgia , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/mortalidade , Neoplasias Hepáticas/cirurgia , Análise de Sobrevida , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
The eye lens annual dose limit for exposed personnel to ionizing radiation has recently been revised by the ICRP--International Commission on Radiological Protection and the proposed new limit has been accepted by European legislation through the Council Directive 2013/59/EURATOM 2013. Among medical exposed personnel, the staff performing interventional cardiology are usually affected by relevant doses. For this reason a survey, employing dosemeters characterized in terms of H(p)(3), was performed in order to get the order of magnitude of the doses received by the eye lens, at least as a first guess.The survey showed that the annual dose limit can easily be reached if a proper radiation protection approach is not implemented.
Assuntos
Cateterismo Cardíaco , Cristalino/efeitos da radiação , Exposição Ocupacional/análise , Exposição à Radiação/análise , Radiografia Intervencionista , Dosimetria Termoluminescente/instrumentação , Desenho de Equipamento , Análise de Falha de Equipamento , Itália , Projetos Piloto , Doses de Radiação , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Transcatheter arterial chemoembolisation (TACE) is the treatment of choice for intermediate stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Doxorubicin-loaded drug-eluting beads (DEB)-TACE is expected to improve the performance of conventional TACE (cTACE). The aim of this study was to compare DEB-TACE with cTACE in terms of time-to-tumour progression (TTP), adverse events (AEs), and 2-year survival. METHODS: Patients were randomised one-to-one to undergo cTACE or DEB-TACE and followed-up for at least 2 years or until death. Transcatheter arterial chemoembolisation was repeated 'on-demand'. RESULTS: We enrolled 177 patients: 89 underwent DEB-TACE and 88 cTACE. The median number of procedures was 2 in each arm, and the in-hospital stay was 3 and 4 days, respectively (P=0.323). No differences were found in local and overall tumour response. The median TTP was 9 months in both arms. The AE incidence and severity did not differ between the arms, except for post-procedural pain, more frequent and severe after cTACE (P<0.001). The 1- and 2-year survival rates were 86.2% and 56.8% after DEB-TACE and 83.5% and 55.4% after cTACE (P=0.949). Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG), serum albumin, and tumour number independently predicted survival (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The DEB-TACE and the cTACE are equally effective and safe, with the only advantage of DEB-TACE being less post-procedural abdominal pain.
Assuntos
Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/administração & dosagem , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/terapia , Quimioembolização Terapêutica/métodos , Doxorrubicina/administração & dosagem , Neoplasias Hepáticas/terapia , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Taxa de SobrevidaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The aim of the PROMETEO-01 Study was to define the diagnostic accuracy of imaging techniques in colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRCLM) patients. METHODS: Patients referred to Bologna S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital performed a computed-tomography scan (CT), magnetic resonance (MR), 18F-FDG-PET/CTscan (PET/CT) and liver contrast-enhanced-ultrasound (CEUS); CEUS was also performed intraoperatively (i-CEUS). Every pathological lesion was compared with imaging data. RESULTS: From December 2007 to August 2010, 84 patients were enrolled. A total of 51 (60.71%) resected patients were eligible for analysis. In the lesion-by-lesion analysis 175 resected lesions were evaluated: 67(38.3%) belonged to upfront resected patients (group-A) and 108 (61.7%) to chemotherapy-pretreated patients (group-B). In all patients the sensitivity of MR proved better than CT (91% vs 82%; P=0.002), CEUS (91 vs 81%; P=0.008) and PET/CT (91% vs 60%; P=0.000), whereas PET/CT showed the lowest sensitivity. In group-A the sensitivity of i-CEUS, MR, CT, CEUS and PET/CT was 98%, 94%, 91%, 84% and 78%, respectively. In group-B the i-CEUS proved equivalent in sensitivity to MR (95% and 90%, respectively, P=0.227) and both were significantly more sensitive than other procedures. The CT sensitivity in group-B was lower than in group-A (77% vs 91%, P=0.024). CONCLUSIONS: A thoraco-abdominal CT provides an adequate baseline evaluation and guides judgment as to the resectability of CRCLM patients. In the subset of candidates for induction chemotherapy to increase the chance of liver resection, the most rational approach is to add MR for the staging and restaging of CRCLM.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Colorretais/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Hepáticas/diagnóstico por imagem , Adenocarcinoma/tratamento farmacológico , Adenocarcinoma/secundário , Adenocarcinoma/cirurgia , Adulto , Idoso , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Quimioterapia Adjuvante , Neoplasias Colorretais/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Colorretais/patologia , Neoplasias Colorretais/cirurgia , Feminino , Fluordesoxiglucose F18 , Humanos , Quimioterapia de Indução , Neoplasias Hepáticas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/secundário , Neoplasias Hepáticas/cirurgia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons , Cuidados Pré-Operatórios , Estudos Prospectivos , Compostos Radiofarmacêuticos , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Aim of the study was to assess the clinical impact of conventional transarterial chemoembolization (cTACE) repeated "on demand" on HCC outcome. Outcome measures were: response rate to first and repeated cTACE, recurrence rates and overall survival. METHODS: The outcome of 151 consecutive HCC patients submitted to a first cTACE from January 2004 to December 2005 was retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: Complete radiological response (CR) was observed in 72/151 (48%), 34/60 (52%) and 12/22 (55%) patients after first, second and third cTACE, respectively. Recurrence rates at 6 and 12months were 37% and 61% after the first cTACE, and 40% and 59% after the second cTACE, respectively. Patients not achieving CR or with a recurrence after CR not treated with curative therapies were 94 and 84 after first and second cTACE, respectively. Of these, 60/94 (64%) and 22/84 (26%) were submitted to a second and third cTACE, respectively. Median overall survival was 32.0months but 25.0months excluding transplanted patients. Factors at the time of first cTACE associated with overall shorter survival at multivariate analysis were higher bilirubin, higher AFP and not achieving CR. CONCLUSIONS: CR and recurrence rates after first and second cTACE were similar. About 64% of patients were submitted to second cTACE, while only few patients (26%) were submitted to third cTACE using an "on demand" policy. These figures may be also useful for planning trials for the evaluation of the efficacy of repeated TACE vs. TACE combined with adjuvant treatments or vs. systemic treatments.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Hepatocelular/terapia , Quimioembolização Terapêutica , Neoplasias Hepáticas/terapia , Adulto , Idoso , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/mortalidade , Feminino , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/mortalidade , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Pneumatosis Intestinalis (PI) is a rare radiological finding defined as the presence of extra-luminal gas within the intestinal wall. Several anti-tumor drugs can induce a damage of the gastrointestinal walls as an adverse effect, causing loss of mucosal integrity and endoluminal gas diffusion, responsible for PI development. We retrospectively analyzed 8 cases of PI detected through radiological imaging in oncologic patients undergoing various therapeutic regimens: five patients were receiving chemotherapy, two molecular targeted therapy (MTT) and one immunotherapy. Three patients were asymptomatic and pneumatosis was incidentally detected at routinary follow-up CT and then treated conservatively. Five patients presented acute abdomen symptoms and in these cases bowel perforation was the cause of death. Our experience confirms PI and perforation as rare complications of drug toxicity, especially in oncologic patients treated with combinations of different anticancer drugs and documented the second reported case of PI associated with atezolizumab and alectinib single administration.
Assuntos
Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos , Perfuração Intestinal , Pneumatose Cistoide Intestinal , Humanos , Perfuração Intestinal/induzido quimicamente , Perfuração Intestinal/diagnóstico por imagem , Pneumatose Cistoide Intestinal/induzido quimicamente , Pneumatose Cistoide Intestinal/diagnóstico por imagem , Estudos Retrospectivos , Perfuração EspontâneaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: This multi-centre phase II clinical trial is the first prospective evaluation of radioembolisation of patients with colorectal liver metastases (mCRC) who failed previous oxaliplatin- and irinotecan-based systemic chemotherapy regimens. METHODS: Eligible patients had adequate hepatic, haemopoietic and renal function, and an absence of major hepatic vascular anomalies and hepato-pulmonary shunting. Gastroduodenal and right gastric arteries were embolised before hepatic arterial administration of yttrium-90 resin microspheres (median activity, 1.7 GBq; range, 0.9-2.2). RESULTS: Of 50 eligible patients, 38 (76%) had received > or =4 lines of chemotherapy. Most presented with synchronous disease (72%), >4 hepatic metastases (58%), 25-50% replacement of total liver volume (60%) and bilateral spread (70%). Early and intermediate (>48 h) WHO G1-2 adverse events (mostly fever and pain) were observed in 16 and 22% of patients respectively. Two died due to renal failure at 40 days or liver failure at 60 days respectively. By intention-to-treat analysis using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours, 1 patient (2%) had a complete response, 11 (22%) partial response, 12 (24%) stable disease, 22 (44%) progressive disease; 4 (8%) were non-evaluable. Median overall survival was 12.6 months (95% CI, 7.0-18.3); 2-year survival was 19.6%. CONCLUSION: Radioembolisation produced meaningful response and disease stabilisation in patients with advanced, unresectable and chemorefractory mCRC.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Colorretais/patologia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/radioterapia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/secundário , Radioisótopos de Ítrio/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Terapia Combinada , Embolização Terapêutica/métodos , Feminino , Artéria Hepática , Humanos , Contagem de Leucócitos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Hepáticas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/mortalidade , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Qualidade de Vida , Análise de Sobrevida , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Radioisótopos de Ítrio/administração & dosagem , Radioisótopos de Ítrio/efeitos adversosRESUMO
With the aim of providing a clearer understanding of the tools used for evaluating risk in the radiological setting and how they are applied, this second part presents two practical examples. The first is a proactive analysis applied to CT, whereas the second is a reactive analysis performed following a sentinel event triggered by a CT study allocated to the wrong patient in the RIS-PACS system.
Assuntos
Erros Médicos/prevenção & controle , Radiologia , Gestão de Riscos , Humanos , Serviço Hospitalar de Radiologia/organização & administração , Medição de Risco , Gestão da Segurança , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
The present contribution, presented as an Editorial, addresses the issue of patient safety in Radiology: this topic, of great current National and Regional interest, has stimulated a strong focus on accidents and mistakes in medicine, together with the diffusion of procedures for Risk Management in all health facilities. The possible sources of incidents in the radiological process are exposed, due to human errors and to system errors connected both to the organization and to the dissemination of Information Technology in the Radiological world. It also describes the most common methods and tools for risk analysis in health systems, together with some application examples presented in Part II.
Assuntos
Erros Médicos/prevenção & controle , Radiologia , Gestão de Riscos , Competência Clínica , Ética Médica , Humanos , ImperíciaRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The association of arterial tortuosity and connective tissue diseases is widely reported in the literature, but only a few studies were based on a quantitative evaluation of this arterial phenotype, and none of the latter examined the intracranial vasculature. The aim of this study was to evaluate the degree of intracranial arterial tortuosity in patients with Marfan syndrome and those with Loeys-Dietz syndrome, and to assess its usefulness in the differential diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of 68 patients with genetically confirmed Marfan syndrome (n = 36) or Loeys-Dietz syndrome (n = 32), who underwent at least 1 MRA of the brain at our institution. Fifty-two controls were randomly selected among patients who presented with headache and without any known comorbidity. Tortuosity indexes of 4 intracranial arterial segments were measured on a 3D volume-rendered angiogram by using the following formula: [Formula: see text]. RESULTS: Both Marfan syndrome and Loeys-Dietz syndrome showed a significantly higher tortuosity index compared with controls in all examined vessels. The tortuosity index of the vertebrobasilar system showed an excellent interrater reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.99) and was the strongest independent predictor of Loeys-Dietz syndrome in patients with connective tissue disease (P = .002), with a 97% specificity for this pathology when its value was > 60. CONCLUSIONS: The tortuosity index of intracranial arteries is an easily calculated and highly reproducible measure, which shows a high specificity for Marfan syndrome and Loeys-Dietz syndrome and may be useful in differentiating these 2 entities.
Assuntos
Artérias/patologia , Encéfalo/patologia , Síndrome de Loeys-Dietz/diagnóstico por imagem , Síndrome de Loeys-Dietz/patologia , Síndrome de Marfan/diagnóstico por imagem , Síndrome de Marfan/patologia , Adulto , Artérias/diagnóstico por imagem , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Angiografia Cerebral/métodos , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Humanos , Interpretação de Imagem Assistida por Computador/métodos , Angiografia por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Estudos Retrospectivos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
PURPOSE: We prospectively compared gadoliniumenhanced magnetic resonance imaging (dynamic MRI), superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) (ferucarbotran) MRI and multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT) and the combination of dynamic MRI plus MDCT vs. dynamic MRI plus SPIO-MRI (double-contrast MRI: DC-MRI) for the detection of small (
Assuntos
Carcinoma Hepatocelular/diagnóstico , Meios de Contraste , Cirrose Hepática/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/diagnóstico , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/diagnóstico por imagem , Dextranos , Feminino , Óxido Ferroso-Férrico , Seguimentos , Gadolínio DTPA , Humanos , Cirrose Hepática/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Hepáticas/diagnóstico por imagem , Nanopartículas de Magnetita , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Estudos Prospectivos , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
Conventional criteria for liver transplantation for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma are single HCC Assuntos
Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patologia
, Carcinoma Hepatocelular/cirurgia
, Neoplasias Hepáticas/patologia
, Neoplasias Hepáticas/cirurgia
, Transplante de Fígado
, Seleção de Pacientes
, Carcinoma Hepatocelular/mortalidade
, Intervalo Livre de Doença
, Feminino
, Seguimentos
, Humanos
, Incidência
, Fígado/diagnóstico por imagem
, Fígado/patologia
, Neoplasias Hepáticas/mortalidade
, Transplante de Fígado/mortalidade
, Masculino
, Pessoa de Meia-Idade
, Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/epidemiologia
, Estadiamento de Neoplasias
, Prognóstico
, Estudos Prospectivos
, Radiografia
, Estudos Retrospectivos
, Análise de Sobrevida
, Resultado do Tratamento
, alfa-Fetoproteínas/metabolismo
RESUMO
We report a case of hepatocellular carcinoma superimposed on chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) hepatitis in which final diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma was delayed because there was no consensus on hypervascularity with two diagnostic methods at the time of presentation. A 3 cm lesion was initially observed as hypovascular at multidetector-row computed tomography. Conversely, two months later the lesion appeared hypervascular at contrast-ultrasonography and gadolinium-enhanced dynamic magnetic resonance, and hyperintense after superparamagnetic iron oxide-enhanced T2W studies. Only in the late follow-up it was definitively confirmed as hypervascular in the arterial phase of multidetector-row computed tomography. This case clearly highlights some pitfalls in the European Association for the study of the liver guidelines for hepatocellular carcinoma management, which were readdressed in the last American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) and in the forthcoming international proposals, leading to more pragmatic suggestions for clinical practice.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Hepatocelular/diagnóstico por imagem , Hepatite C Crônica/complicações , Neoplasias Hepáticas/diagnóstico por imagem , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Adulto , Biópsia por Agulha Fina , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/complicações , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patologia , Feminino , Hepatite C Crônica/diagnóstico por imagem , Hepatite C Crônica/patologia , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/complicações , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patologia , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
The demographic characteristics of hemodialysis (HD) patients increase the need for the tunneled cuffed permanent catheter (TCC) as a definitive vascular access (VA) for HD. The internal jugular vein is increasingly being used as a route for TCC or temporary catheter placement and can be associated with serious complications. Among them other authors have described arteriovenous fistula (AVF) creation between the common carotid artery and the right jugular vein. We describe a case of an AVF between the right internal jugular vein and the right internal mammary artery. The fistula was detected during the TCC placement in a patient who underwent several jugular and subclavian catheterisms for HD in her clinical history.