Number of hummingbird visits determines flower mite abundance on hummingbird feeders.

Members of several genera of mites from the family Melicharidae (Mesostigmata) use hummingbirds as transport host to move from flower to flower, where they feed on pollen and nectar. The factors that influence hummingbird flower mite abundance on host plant flowers are not currently known. Here we tested whether hummingbird flower mite abundance on an artificial nectar source is determined by number of hummingbird visits, nectar energy content or species richness of visiting hummingbirds. We conducted experiments employing hummingbird feeders with sucrose solutions of low, medium, and high energy concentrations, placed in a xeric shrubland. In the first experiment, we recorded the number of visiting hummingbirds and the number of visiting hummingbird species, as well as the abundance of hummingbird flower mites on each feeder. Feeders with the highest sucrose concentration had the most hummingbird visits and the highest flower mite abundances; however, there was no significant effect of hummingbird species richness on mite abundance. In the second experiment, we recorded flower mite abundance on feeders after we standardized the number of hummingbird visits to them. Abundance of flower mites did not differ significantly between feeders when we controlled for hummingbird visits. Our results suggest that nectar energy concentration determines hummingbird visits, which in turn determines flower mite abundance in our feeders. Our results do not support the hypothesis that mites descend from hummingbird nostrils more on richer nectar sources; however, it does not preclude the possibility that flower mites select for nectar concentration at other spatial and temporal scales.

American Society of Clinical Oncology Road to Recovery Report: Learning From the COVID-19 Experience to Improve Clinical Research and Cancer Care.

This report presents the American Society of Clinical Oncology's (ASCO's) evaluation of the adaptations in care delivery, research operations, and regulatory oversight made in response to the coronavirus pandemic and presents recommendations for moving forward as the pandemic recedes. ASCO organized its recommendations for clinical research around five goals to ensure lessons learned from the COVID-19 experience are used to craft a more equitable, accessible, and efficient clinical research system that protects patient safety, ensures scientific integrity, and maintains data quality. The specific goals are: (1) ensure that clinical research is accessible, affordable, and equitable; (2) design more pragmatic and efficient clinical trials; (3) minimize administrative and regulatory burdens on research sites; (4) recruit, retain, and support a well-trained clinical research workforce; and (5) promote appropriate oversight and review of clinical trial conduct and results. Similarly, ASCO also organized its recommendations regarding cancer care delivery around five goals: (1) promote and protect equitable access to high-quality cancer care; (2) support safe delivery of high-quality cancer care; (3) advance policies to ensure oncology providers have sufficient resources to provide high-quality patient care; (4) recognize and address threats to clinician, provider, and patient well-being; and (5) improve patient access to high-quality cancer care via telemedicine. ASCO will work at all levels to advance the recommendations made in this report.

Is intravenous lidocaine effective for decreasing pain and speeding up recovery after surgery? / ¿Es efectiva la lidocaína endovenosa para disminuir el dolor y acelerar la recuperación postoperatoria?

INTRODUCTION: Lidocaine is widely used in anesthesia due to its multiple properties, including its role as analgesic. However, it is not entirely clear which are the real benefits of its use in the perioperative setting. METHODS: To answer this question we used Epistemonikos, the largest database of systematic reviews in health, which is maintained by screening multiple information sources, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, among others. We extracted data from the systematic reviews, reanalyzed data of primary studies, conducted a meta-analysis and generated a summary of findings table using the GRADE approach. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: We identified 15 systematic reviews including 53 studies overall, all of them randomized controlled trials. We concluded the use of intravenous perioperative lidocaine probably results in a clinically irrelevant difference in pain and length of hospital stay, but it probably prevents postoperative nausea and vomiting.

INTRODUCCIÓN: La lidocaína se utiliza ampliamente en el manejo anestésico debido a sus múltiples propiedades, especialmente analgésicas. Sin embargo, no está del todo claro cuáles son los reales beneficios de su utilización perioperatoria. MÉTODOS: Para responder esta pregunta utilizamos Epistemonikos, la mayor base de datos de revisiones sistemáticas en salud, la cual es mantenida mediante búsquedas en múltiples fuentes de información, incluyendo MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, entre otras. Extrajimos los datos desde las revisiones identificadas, reanalizamos los datos de los estudios primarios, realizamos un metanálisis y preparamos tablas de resumen de los resultados utilizando el método GRADE. RESULTADOS Y CONCLUSIONES: Identificamos 15 revisiones sistemáticas que en conjunto incluyen 53 estudios primarios, todos correspondientes a ensayos aleatorizados. Concluimos que el uso de lidocaína endovenosa perioperatoria probablemente resulta en una disminución clínicamente irrelevante del dolor y la duración de la estadía hospitalaria, pero que probablemente previene la presencia de náuseas y vómitos postoperatorios.

Organophosphorus pesticide residues in Mexican commercial pasteurized milk.

A study was conducted to measure residues of 13 organophosphorus (OP) pesticides, widely used as dairy cattle ectoparasiticides or in crops used for animal feed, in homogenized and pasteurized Mexican milk samples. Four different milk brands with high distribution were collected biweekly during a 12 month period (n = 96) in supermarkets. OP pesticide residues were measured by gas chromatography with a flame photometric detector. Approximately 39.6% of the samples contained detectable levels of OP pesticide residues. Eight samples contained residues exceeding established maximum residue limits (MRL), and the OP pesticides present in these samples were dichlorvos (five samples), phorate, chlorpyrifos, and chlorfenvinphos (one sample, respectively). Average residues of 13 OP pesticides measured were below established MRLs ranging between 0.0051 and 0.0203 ppm.

Principales desarrollos y enfoques sobre alianza y relación terapéutica / Major developments and approaches on alliance and therapeutic relationship

Existe un consenso general de que una parte importante del éxito de un tratamiento psicoterapéutico depende de la relación entre paciente y terapeuta. Los diferentes modelos psicoterapéuticos conceptualizan la relación terapéutica de diversas maneras; en par t icular, dicho concepto presenta importantes diferencias entre la perspectiva psicoanalítica y la cognitivo-conductual. En el presente artículo, se intenta reseñar dichas diferencias en la literatura pertinente proponiendo, de este modo, una actualización del estado de conocimiento sobre el tema. En función de ello, se mencionan los principales antecedentes históricos del concepto de relación terapéutica y las líneas clásicas y actuales de investigación sobre el mismo. Para ello se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de los trabajos disponibles en las bases de datos EBSCO y Jstore. Las palabras clave utilizadas son: Relación Terapéutica, Alianza Terapéutica, Psicoanálisis, TCC. Se tomaron en cuenta principalmente los trabajos realizados a partir de 1990.

There is general consensus that an important part of the success of psychotherapy depends on the relationship between patient and therapist. Psychotherapeutic models conceptualize the therapeutic relationship in various ways; in particular, this concept has important differences between the psychoanalytic perspective and the cognitive-behavioral one. In this article, we attempt to outline the differences in the relevant literature and update the state of knowledge on this subject. According to these objectives, we discussed the main historical background of the therapeutic relationship and the classic and current lines of research on it. This article is a literature review of the information available in EBSCO and Jstore databases. The keywords used are: therapeutic relationship, therapeutic alliance, Psychoanalysis, CBT. We used data that was published after 1990.

Complicaiones de la varicela en niños inmunocompetentes / Varicella complications in immunocompromised children

El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer la evolución y tipo de complicaciones de la varicela en niños inmunocompetentes del Hospital Infantil Privado. Se revisaron los expedientes de 100 pacientes con diagnóstico de egreso de varicela. Se analizó el tiempo de duración de la fase vesicular, la duración e intensidad de la fiebre, la biometría hemática, la presencia y tipo de complicaciones, así como su evolución. Se realizaron pruebas estadísticas de tendencia central y para la correlación de variables la prueba de chi cuadrada (p < 0.05). Ocho pacientes presentaron más de una complicación, 54 por ciento correspondieron al sexo masculino y 46 por ciento al femenino. La mediana de edad fue 65 meses, (límites 1 a 207 meses). Sólo se reportó una defunción (1 por ciento). Se concluye que la varicela puede condicionar complicaciones graves, independientemente del estado de inmunidad. Las complicaciones supurativas, infecciones de piel y tejidos blandos son más frecuentes que las complicaciones no supurativas. La linfopenia y/o neutropenia no influyen en la presencia de complicaciones ni en la severidad de las mismas en niños inmunocompetentes con varicela