Factors associated with cesarean sections in a high complexity university hospital in southern Brazil. / Fatores associados a cesáreas em um hospital universitário de alta complexidade do sul do Brasil.

Objective To identify the factors associated with cesarean sections in a high complexity university hospital in southern Brazil. Methods Cross-sectional study carried out at the Obstetric Hospital Unit of the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. Data were gathered from questionnaires carried out with 361 puerperal women and maternal and neonatal records, from February to April 2013. For the analysis, Prevalence Ratio through Univariate Poisson Regression was used. Results The prevalence of cesarean sections was 31%. The category of hospitalization, cervix dilation and its characteristics, fetal presentation, and uterine dynamics, at the time of admission, were statistically related to cesarean sections; not having a previous cesarean section and night shift (from midnight to 6AM) were protective factors. Conclusions The prevalence of cesarean sections is above the rate recommended by the World Health Organization, but it is similar to rates found in other university hospitals, thus pointing out the need for the proposition of actions aimed at improving this indicator.

Factors associated with the interruption of exclusive breastfeeding in infants up to 30 days old. / Fatores associados à interrupção do aleitamento materno exclusivo em lactentes com até 30 dias.

OBJECTIVE: To identify factors associated with the interruption of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) in infants up to 30 days old. METHOD: A cross-sectional study conducted at a university hospital in southern Brazil, from December 2014 to September 2015, with 341 infants up to 30 days old and their mothers. A semi-structured questionnaire was applied consisting of variables related to sociodemographic characteristics, obstetric history of the mother, companion's education, and data of the infant and of breastfeeding. Collected data were subjected to bivariate and multivariate analysis with the estimation of Prevalence Ratios (PR). RESULTS: The prevalence of EBF was 79.5%. The factors associated with the interruption of EBF were babies ≥ 21 days, who received formula supplementation at the hospital, women with difficulties breastfeeding after hospital discharge, and non-white. CONCLUSION: the factors associated with EBF interruption can help health workers create actions for mothers with difficulties and prevent interruption of EBF.

Socioeconomic and regional inequalities of pap smear coverage. / Desigualdades socioeconômicas e regionais na cobertura de exames citopatológicos do colo do útero.

Objectives To identify socioeconomic and regional inequalities of pap smear coverage in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Methods An ecological study based on data of the 2011-2012 national health information system to estimate the annual coverage of pap smears for the overall female population of the state and for women without private health insurance. We estimated annual pap smear coverage according to the Municipal Social Vulnerability Index and health macro-regions and regions of the state. Results The percentage of women without private health insurance ranged from 38.1% to 94.2% in the health regions. Pap smear coverage was 17.3% for the overall female population and 23.8% for women without private health insurance. Pap smear coverage was higher in more socially vulnerable municipalities and regions with a higher percentage of women with private health insurance. Conclusions The prevalence of private health insurance should be considered in studies that address the coverage of the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS).

[The companion in the obstetrics centre of a university hospital in southern Brazil]. / O acompanhante no centro obstétrico de um hospital universitário do sul do Brasil.

OBJECTIVES: To verify the prevalence of companions, their type of bond with the women and the justifications for their absence in the obstetrics centre of a university hospital in Porto Alegre (RS). METHODS: Quantitative, cross-sectional study carried out with 385 females from August to November, 2012. The data were subjected to descriptive analysis. RESULTS: Of all the companions, 97.1% were present during labour; 90.6% were present during delivery; 28.6% throughout postpartum care; and 87.1% during the first care procedures of the newborn baby. Most of the companions were the women's partners. The most frequently mentioned reason for their absence during the postpartum recovery period was "not allowed" (57.8%). CONCLUSIONS: The healthcare institution observes the legal provisions for the presence of a companion, but there is still the need to build awareness among healthcare professionals on the importance of companions during the moments following childbirth, and to adapt the location to accommodate the companions who will support the women.

Prevalence of risk factors for primary postpartum hemorrhage in a university hospital.

OBJECTIVES: to identify the risk factors associated with primary postpartum hemorrhage in a university hospital. METHODS: a cross-sectional study was conducted with 277 postpartum women who received care during childbirth or cesarean section between June and August 2020. Data were collected using a pre-structured questionnaire administered 24 hours after delivery. Poisson Regression was employed to analyze the factors associated with postpartum hemorrhage. RESULTS: postpartum hemorrhage was observed in 30% of the study sample. Shock Index and uterine distension were found to be statistically associated with postpartum hemorrhage. Postpartum women with a Shock Index ≥ 0.9 had a 61% higher prevalence of postpartum hemorrhage (PR=1.61, 95% CI: 1.07 - 2.43), while those with uterine distension had a 134% higher prevalence (PR=2.34, 95% CI: 1.63 - 3.36). CONCLUSIONS: recognizing these factors contributes to improvements in clinical practice, as they enable the prediction of their occurrence and call for appropriate management, thereby preventing unfavorable outcomes.

Factors associated with umbilical cord clamping in term newborns.

OBJECTIVE: To identify factors associated with umbilical cord clamping in term newborns and to compare the recording of clamping time in the medical record with what was observed. METHOD: Cross-sectional study, with 300 mothers-infants, in a university hospital. Clamping time and medical records were observed, and a structured questionnaire was applied to postpartum women for sociodemographic variables. Bivariate analysis, multivariate Poisson Regression model, and Kappa concordance test were performed. RESULTS: The percentage of late/optimal clamping observed was 53.7%. The associated factors were skin-to-skin contact in the delivery room (PR = 0.76; 0.61-0.95; p = 0.014), position of the newborn below the vaginal canal (PR = 2.6; CI95%: 1.66-4.07; p < 0.001), position of the newborn at the vaginal level (PR = 2.03; CI95%: 1.5-2.75; p < 0.001), and need for newborn resuscitation in the delivery room (PR = 1.42; CI95%; 1.16-1.73; p = 0.001). Kappa concordance level of the professionals, records compared to the observation was: nurse 0.47, obstetrician 0.59, and pediatrician 0.86. CONCLUSION: the identification of associated factors and the comparison between recording and observing the clamping time can help in the planning and implementation of improvements for adherence to good practices at birth.

Breastfeeding in the first six months of life for babies seen by Lactation Consulting.

OBJECTIVE: to identify breastfeeding patterns, survival of exclusive breastfeeding and factors associated with its interruption, in the first six months of life of babies seen by Lactation Consulting. METHOD: a prospective cohort, with 231 mother-babies in a Baby-Friendly Hospital. An initial questionnaire was applied after 24 hours of birth, after consulting, as well as a follow-up questionnaire, applied by telephone at 15, 30, 60, 120 and 180 days, with sociodemographic and obstetric variables, maternal habits, father's schooling, birth data and baby feeding. Survival Analysis was carried out. RESULTS: at 180 days of age, exclusive breastfeeding was 12.7% and the probability was 19.6% in the analysis of the survival curve. The factors associated with its interruption were smoking during pregnancy (HR 1.66; CI 1.05 - 2.61), age ≥ 35 years old (HR 1.73; CI 1.03 - 2.90), difficulty in breastfeeding after hospital discharge (HR 2.09; CI 1.29 - 3.41), search for professional assistance (HR 2.45; CI 1.69 - 3.54) and use of a pacifier (HR 1.76; IC 1.21 - 2.58). CONCLUSION: lactation consultancy contributed to the improvement of the exclusive breastfeeding rates, although there are opportunities for advances.

Early skin-to-skin contact in a child friendly hospital: perceptions of the obstetric nurses.

OBJECTIVE: To know the nurses' perception about early skin-to-skin contact. METHODS: A qualitative and exploratory-descriptive study carried out at the Obstetric Center of a university hospital in southern Brazil. The participants were eight nurses who answered a qualitative interview in April 2019. The interviews followed a guiding script and were analyzed according to thematic content analysis: data sorting and classification and final analysis. RESULTS: Nurses know the skin-to-skin contact practice and the importance of doing it properly. In their work routine, they perceive that this contact does not happen as it should and they understand the importance of recording it. CONCLUSION: Nurses aim for skin-to-skin contact to be carried out in an early and uninterrupted manner; however, the limitations related to the health team's work processes are highlighted. The study reinforces the importance of reducing unnecessary interventions at birth.

Skin-to-skin contact and breastfeeding of newborns in a university hospital.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of skin-to-skin contact (STSC) and breastfeeding (BF) stimulation, as well as the reasons for these practices not to be performed; to identify whether women were given information on these practices along the pre-natal monitoring. METHOD: A cross-sectional study carried out in a university hospital with 586 women. Data collection was from February to September 2016. Data was collected from patient records and from a questionnaire. A descriptive analysis was performed. RESULTS: Immediately after birth, 60.1% of the newborns (NBs) had STSC, and 44.9% were stimulated to suck at the breast. After primary care, 24.1% had STSC, and 69.3% were stimulated to suck at the breast; 47.7% of the newborns did not have STSC due to their unfavorable clinical conditions; 79.2% of the women were not able to inform the reason why BF was not stimulated; 58.5% of the women had pre-natal guidance about STSC, and 90.8% about BF. CONCLUSION: Both STSC and BF rates could be improved, in view of the benefits provided by these practices.

Attention to childbirth and delivery in a university hospital: comparison of practices developed after Network Stork. / Atenção ao parto e nascimento em hospital universitário: comparação de práticas desenvolvidas após Rede Cegonha.

OBJECTIVE: to compare, after four years of the implementation of the Stork Network, the obstetric practices developed in a university hospital according to the classification of the World Health Organization. METHOD: cross-sectional study carried out in the year of adherence to the Stork Network (377 women) and replicated four years later (586 women). Data were obtained through medical records and a structured questionnaire. The Chi-square test was used in the analysis. RESULTS: four years after the implementation of the Stork Network, in Category A practices (demonstrably useful practices/good practices), there was increased frequency of companions, non-pharmacological methods, skin-to-skin contact and breastfeeding stimulation, and decreased freedom of position/movement. In Category B (harmful practices), there was reduction of trichotomy and increased venoclysis. In Category C (practices with no sufficient evidence), there was increase of Kristeller's maneuver. In Category D (improperly used practices), the percentage of digital examinations above the recommended level increased, as well as of analgesics and analgesia, and there was decrease of episiotomy. CONCLUSION: these findings indicate the maintenance of a technocratic and interventionist assistance and address the need for changes in the obstetric care model. A globally consolidated path is the incorporation of midwife nurses into childbirth for the appropriate use of technologies and the reduction of unnecessary interventions.

Prevalence of risk factors for primary postpartum hemorrhage in a university hospital / Prevalencia de factores de riesgo de hemorragia posparto primaria en un hospital universitario / Prevalência dos fatores de risco para hemorragia pós-parto primária em um hospital universitário

ABSTRACT Objectives: to identify the risk factors associated with primary postpartum hemorrhage in a university hospital. Methods: a cross-sectional study was conducted with 277 postpartum women who received care during childbirth or cesarean section between June and August 2020. Data were collected using a pre-structured questionnaire administered 24 hours after delivery. Poisson Regression was employed to analyze the factors associated with postpartum hemorrhage. Results: postpartum hemorrhage was observed in 30% of the study sample. Shock Index and uterine distension were found to be statistically associated with postpartum hemorrhage. Postpartum women with a Shock Index ≥ 0.9 had a 61% higher prevalence of postpartum hemorrhage (PR=1.61, 95% CI: 1.07 - 2.43), while those with uterine distension had a 134% higher prevalence (PR=2.34, 95% CI: 1.63 - 3.36). Conclusions: recognizing these factors contributes to improvements in clinical practice, as they enable the prediction of their occurrence and call for appropriate management, thereby preventing unfavorable outcomes.

RESUMEN Objetivos: identificar los factores de riesgo asociados con la hemorragia posparto primaria en un hospital universitario. Métodos: se realizó un estudio transversal con 277 mujeres posparto que recibieron atención durante el parto o la cesárea entre junio y agosto de 2020. Los datos se recopilaron mediante un cuestionario preestructurado administrado 24 horas después del parto. Se empleó una Regresión de Poisson para analizar los factores asociados con la hemorragia posparto. Resultados: se observó hemorragia posparto en el 30% de la muestra del estudio. El índice de choque y la distensión uterina se encontraron estadísticamente asociados con la hemorragia posparto. Las mujeres posparto con un índice de choque ≥ 0,9 tenían una prevalencia de hemorragia posparto un 61% mayor (PR=1,61, IC del 95%: 1,07 - 2,43), mientras que aquellas con distensión uterina tenían una prevalencia un 134% mayor (PR=2,34, IC del 95%: 1,63 - 3,36). Conclusiones: reconocer estos factores contribuye a mejoras en la práctica clínica, ya que permiten predecir su ocurrencia y requieren una gestión adecuada, previniendo así resultados desfavorables.

RESUMO Objetivos: identificar os fatores de risco associados à hemorragia pós-parto primária em um hospital universitário. Métodos: estudo transversal realizado com 277 puérperas que receberam assistência durante o parto ou cesárea no período de junho a agosto de 2020. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário previamente estruturado, aplicado após 24 horas do nascimento. Para a análise dos fatores associados à hemorragia pós-parto, utilizou-se a Regressão de Poisson. Resultados: a hemorragia pós-parto foi observada em 30% da amostra do estudo. O Índice de Choque e a distensão uterina foram estatisticamente associados à hemorragia pós-parto. Puérperas com Índice de Choque ≥ 0,9 apresentam uma prevalência 61% maior de hemorragia pós-parto (RP=1,61; IC 95%: 1,07 - 2,43) e com distensão uterina 134% (RP=2,34; IC 95%: 1,63 - 3,36). Conclusões: o reconhecimento desses fatores subsidia melhorias na prática clínica, visto que possibilitam a previsão de sua ocorrência e alertam para o manejo adequado, prevenindo desfechos indesejáveis.

Utilização de métodos não farmacológicos para alívio da dor no trabalho de parto / Use of non-pharmacological pain relief methods in labor / Utilización de métodos no farmacológicos para aliviar el dolor durante el trabajo de parto

RESUMO: Objetivo: analisar a prática de realização de métodos não farmacológicos para alívio da dor durante o trabalho de parto. Método: estudo quantitativo, descritivo de corte transversal desenvolvido de dezembro de 2019 a setembro de 2020 em um Serviço de Enfermagem Materno Infantil do sul do Brasil. Foram realizados analises de 560 prontuários e coletas em banco de dados institucional. Utilizou-se o teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov para a normalidade das variáveis e, para associações, os testes t para amostras independentes, Qui-quadrado ou exato de Fischer. Resultados: Constatou-se que 164 (29,3%) das parturientes realizaram pelo menos um tipo de método, sendo os mais utilizados a hidroterapia 137(24,5%), mudança de posição 124(22,1%) e exercícios de respiração 121(21,6%). Houve associação significativa p(<0,05) entre métodos, tipo de parto, gestação e paridade. Conclusão: Este estudo evidencia o perfil de parturientes que se beneficiam destas práticas e expõe a baixa frequência do seu uso, demonstrando uma área promissora para estudos e atividades de educação continuada.

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the practice of using non-pharmacological pain relief methods during labor. Method: a quantitative and descriptive cross-sectional study developed from December 2019 to September 2020 in a Maternal and Child Nursing Service from southern Brazil. A total of 560 medical charts were analyzed and data collection took place in the institutional database. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used for normality of the variables and, for associations, the t test for independent samples, chi-square or Fischer's exact test. Results: It was found that 164 (29.3%) of the parturients resorted to at least one type of method, the most used being hydrotherapy with 137 (24.5%), change of position with 124 (22.1%) and breathing exercises with 121 (21.6%). There was a significant association (p<0.05) between methods, type of delivery, pregnancy and parity. Conclusion: This study highlights the profile of parturients who benefit from these practices and exposes the low frequency of their use, showing a promising area for studies and continuing education activities.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar la práctica de implementar métodos no farmacológicos para aliviar el dolor durante el trabajo de parto. Método: estudio cuantitativo y descriptivo de corte transversal desarrollado entre diciembre de 2019 y septiembre de 2020 en un Servicio de Enfermería Materno Infantil del sur de Brasil. Se analizaron 560 historias clínicas y los datos se recolectaron en una base de datos institucional. Se utilizó la prueba de Kolmogorov-Smirnov para la normalidad de las variables y, para las asociaciones, la prueba t para muestras independientes, la de chi-cuadrado o la prueba exacta de Fisher. Resultados: Se descubrió que 164 (29,3%) de las parturientas realizaron al menos un tipo de método, siendo los más utilizados hidroterapia con 137 (24,5%), cambio de posición con 124 (22,1%) y ejercicios respiratorios con 121 (21,6%). Se registró una asociación significativa (p<0,05) entre métodos, tipo de parto, embarazo actual y paridad. Conclusión: Este estudio pone en evidencia el perfil de las parturientas que se benefician de estas prácticas y expone la baja frecuencia de su uso, demostrando así un área promisoria para estudios y actividades de formación continua.

Factors associated with umbilical cord clamping in term newborns / Factores asociados al clampaje del cordón umbilical en recién nacidos a término / Fatores associados ao clampeamento do cordão umbilical em recém-nascidos a termo

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To identify factors associated with umbilical cord clamping in term newborns and to compare the recording of clamping time in the medical record with what was observed. METHOD: Cross-sectional study, with 300 mothers-infants, in a university hospital. Clamping time and medical records were observed, and a structured questionnaire was applied to postpartum women for sociodemographic variables. Bivariate analysis, multivariate Poisson Regression model, and Kappa concordance test were performed. RESULTS: The percentage of late/optimal clamping observed was 53.7%. The associated factors were skin-to-skin contact in the delivery room (PR = 0.76; 0.61-0.95; p = 0.014), position of the newborn below the vaginal canal (PR = 2.6; CI95%: 1.66-4.07; p < 0.001), position of the newborn at the vaginal level (PR = 2.03; CI95%: 1.5-2.75; p < 0.001), and need for newborn resuscitation in the delivery room (PR = 1.42; CI95%; 1.16-1.73; p = 0.001). Kappa concordance level of the professionals, records compared to the observation was: nurse 0.47, obstetrician 0.59, and pediatrician 0.86. CONCLUSION: the identification of associated factors and the comparison between recording and observing the clamping time can help in the planning and implementation of improvements for adherence to good practices at birth.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar factores asociados al clampaje del cordón umbilical en neonatos a término y comparar el registro del tiempo de clampaje en el prontuario con el observado. Método: Estudio transversal, con 300 madres-hijos, en hospital universitario. Se observó tiempo de clampaje y registros en prontuario, siendo aplicado cuestionario estructurado a las puérperas para variables sociodemográficas. Se utilizó análisis bivariado, modelo de Regresión de Poisson multivariado e índice de concordancia Kappa. Resultados: el porcentaje de clampaje tardío/oportuno observado fue 53,7%. Los factores asociados fueron contacto piel con piel en sala de partos (RP = 0,76; 0,61-0,95; p = 0,014), posición del recién nascido abajo del canal vaginal (RP = 2,6; IC95%: 1,66-4,07; p < 0,001), posición del recién nacido en el nivel vaginal (RP = 2,03; IC95%: 1,5-2,75; p < 0,001) y necesidad de reanimación del recién nacido en sala de partos (RP = 1,42; IC95%; 1,16-1,73; p = 0,001). El nivel de concordancia Kappa del registro de los profesionales comparado a la observación fue: enfermera 0,47, obstetra 0,59 y pediatra 0,86. Conclusión: la identificación de los factores asociados y la comparación entre registro y observación del tiempo de clampaje puede auxiliar en la planificación e implementación de mejorías para la adhesión a las buenas prácticas de nacimiento.

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar fatores associados ao clampeamento do cordão umbilical em neonatos a termo e comparar o registro do tempo de clampeamento no prontuário com o observado. Método: estudo transversal, com 300 mães-bebês, em hospital universitário. Observaram-se tempo de clampeamento e registros em prontuário, sendo aplicado questionário estruturado às puérperas para variáveis sociodemográficas. Procedeu-se análise bivariada, modelo de Regressão de Poisson multivariado e teste de concordância Kappa. Resultados: o percentual de clampeamento tardio/oportuno observado foi 53,7%. Os fatores associados foram contato pele-a-pele em sala de parto (RP = 0,76; 0,61-0,95; p = 0,014), posição do recém-nascido abaixo do canal vaginal (RP = 2,6; IC95%: 1,66-4,07; p < 0,001), posição do recém-nascido no nível vaginal (RP = 2,03; IC95%: 1,5-2,75; p < 0,001) e necessidade de reanimação do recém-nascido em sala de parto (RP = 1,42; IC95%; 1,16-1,73; p = 0,001). O nível de concordância Kappa do registro dos profissionais comparado à observação foi: enfermeira 0,47, obstetra 0,59 e pediatra 0,86. Conclusão: a identificação dos fatores associados e a comparação entre registro e observação do tempo de clampeamento podem auxiliar no planejamento e implementação de melhorias para adesão às boas práticas no nascimento.

Breastfeeding in the first six months of life for babies seen by Lactation Consulting / Amamentação nos seis primeiros meses de vida de bebês atendidos por Consultoria em Lactação / Lactancia materna en los primeros seis meses de vida de los bebés atendidos por Consultoría de Lactancia

Objective: to identify breastfeeding patterns, survival of exclusive breastfeeding and factors associated with its interruption, in the first six months of life of babies seen by Lactation Consulting. Method: a prospective cohort, with 231 mother-babies in a Baby-Friendly Hospital. An initial questionnaire was applied after 24 hours of birth, after consulting, as well as a follow-up questionnaire, applied by telephone at 15, 30, 60, 120 and 180 days, with sociodemographic and obstetric variables, maternal habits, father's schooling, birth data and baby feeding. Survival Analysis was carried out. Results: at 180 days of age, exclusive breastfeeding was 12.7% and the probability was 19.6% in the analysis of the survival curve. The factors associated with its interruption were smoking during pregnancy (HR 1.66; CI 1.05 - 2.61), age ≥ 35 years old (HR 1.73; CI 1.03 - 2.90), difficulty in breastfeeding after hospital discharge (HR 2.09; CI 1.29 - 3.41), search for professional assistance (HR 2.45; CI 1.69 - 3.54) and use of a pacifier (HR 1.76; IC 1.21 - 2.58). Conclusion: lactation consultancy contributed to the improvement of the exclusive breastfeeding rates, although there are opportunities for advances.

Objetivo: identificar padrões de amamentação, sobrevida do aleitamento materno exclusivo e fatores associados à sua interrupção, nos seis primeiros meses de vida de bebês atendidos por Consultoria em Lactação. Método: coorte prospectiva, com 231 mãe-bebê em Hospital Amigo da Criança. Utilizou-se questionário inicial aplicado após 24 horas do nascimento, depois da consultoria, e de seguimento, aplicado por telefone aos 15, 30, 60, 120 e 180 dias, com variáveis sociodemográficas, obstétricas, hábitos maternos, escolaridade paterna, dados do nascimento e alimentação do bebê. Procedeu-se à Análise de Sobrevivência. Resultados: aos 180 dias de vida, o aleitamento materno exclusivo foi 12,7% e probabilidade de 19,6% na análise da curva de sobrevivência. Os fatores associados à sua interrupção foram tabagismo na gestação (HR 1,66; IC 1,05 - 2,61), idade ≥ 35 anos (HR 1,73; IC 1,03 - 2,90), dificuldade na amamentação pós-alta hospitalar (HR 2,09; IC 1,29 - 3,41), busca por auxílio profissional (HR 2,45; IC 1,69 - 3,54) e uso de chupeta (HR 1,76; IC 1,21 - 2,58). Conclusão: a consultoria em lactação contribuiu para melhoria das taxas de aleitamento materno exclusivo, embora existam oportunidades de avanços.

Objetivo: identificar patrones de lactancia materna, supervivencia de la lactancia materna exclusiva y factores asociados a su interrupción, en los primeros seis meses de vida de los bebés atendidos por Consultoría de Lactancia. Método: cohorte prospectiva, con 231 madres-bebés en el Hospital Amigo del Niño. Se aplicó un cuestionario inicial a las 24 horas del nacimiento, previa consultoría, y de seguimiento, aplicado por teléfono a los 15, 30, 60, 120 y 180 días, con variables sociodemográficas, obstétricas, hábitos maternos, educación del padre, datos de nacimiento y alimentación del bebé. Se llevó a cabo un Análisis de Supervivencia. Resultados: a los 180 días de vida, la lactancia materna exclusiva fue del 12,7% y la probabilidad del 19,6% en el análisis de la curva de supervivencia. Los factores asociados a su interrupción fueron el tabaquismo en la gestación (HR 1,66; IC 1,05 - 2,61), edad ≥ 35 años (HR 1,73; IC 1,03 - 2,90), dificultad para amamantar después del alta hospitalaria (HR 2,09; IC 1,29 - 3,41), búsqueda de asistencia profesional (HR 2,45; IC 1,69 - 3,54) y uso de chupete (HR 1,76; IC 1, 21-2,58). Conclusión: la consultoría en lactancia contribuyó a la mejora de las tasas de lactancia materna exclusiva, aunque existen oportunidades de avances.

Práticas assistenciais em partos de risco habitual assistidos por enfermeiras obstétricas / Prácticas asistenciales en partos de riesgo normal asistidos por enfermeras obstétricas / Care practices in normal-risk births assisted by obstetric nurses

Resumo Objetivo Comparar as práticas assistenciais em partos de risco habitual assistidos por enfermeiras obstétricas em um hospital público de Porto Alegre/RS no ano de 2013 - início do modelo colaborativo na instituição - com as práticas assistenciais realizadas no ano de 2016. Métodos Estudo transversal, retrospectivo, analítico, realizado no centro obstétrico de um hospital público de Porto Alegre/RS, com 186 parturientes de risco habitual com parto assistido por enfermeiras obstétricas no período de 2013 e 2016. Constituíram critérios de inclusão gestantes de risco habitual, durante o pré-natal e admissão hospitalar, com feto único, recém-nascido vivo, a termo (idade gestacional de 37 a 41 semanas) e em apresentação cefálica fletida. Foram excluídas parturientes que ingressaram na instituição em período expulsivo e as com informações incompletas em prontuário. Os dados provenientes do estudo foram agrupados sob a forma de banco de dados e analisados no Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) versão 25.0. Para análise estatística foi utilizado o Teste Qui-quadrado de Pearson e o Teste Exato de Fischer, para comparar proporções. Resultados A comparação das práticas assistenciais nos anos estudados revelou redução de intervenções como tricotomia (-100,0%), uso de supositório retal (-85,8%), posição litotômica (-85,0%), uso de medicamentos para alívio da dor (-79,0%), analgesia epidural (-79,0%), uso de ocitocina (-73,3%), cateterização venosa (-60,5%), cardiotocografia (-51,1%), tonsura (-38,5%), bola obstétrica (-31,0%) e posição semissentada (-5,4%); e aumento percentual de práticas como a mudança de posição (+828,6%), rebozo (+167,3%), posição de cócoras (+100,0%), posição quatro apoios (+100,0%), posição lateral direita (+100,0%), posição lateral esquerda (+100,0%), uso de partograma (+43,3%), massagem terapêutica (+33,4%), clampeamento tardio do cordão umbilical (+37,3%), contato pele a pele (+33,2%), amniotomia (+16,7%) e dieta líquida (+11,5%). Conclusão Frente ao modelo predominante de assistência obstétrica no Brasil, centrado no médico obstetra e em práticas intervencionistas, o modelo colaborativo de assistência ao parto, com atuação das enfermeiras obstétricas, mostra-se como um caminho para a atenção às mulheres, com respeito à fisiologia do parto e ao protagonismo da mulher.

Resumen Objetivo Comparar las prácticas asistenciales en partos de riesgo normal asistidos por enfermeras obstétricas en un hospital público de Porto Alegre/RS en el año 2013 —inicio del modelo colaborativo en la institución— con las prácticas asistenciales realizadas en el año 2016. Métodos Estudio transversal, retrospectivo, analítico, realizado en el centro obstétrico de un hospital público de Porto Alegre/RS, con 186 parturientas de riesgo normal con parto asistido por enfermeras obstétricas en el período de 2013 y 2016. Los criterios de inclusión fueron embarazadas de riesgo normal, durante la atención prenatal y admisión hospitalaria, con feto único, recién nacido vivo, a término (edad gestacional entre 37 y 41 semanas) y presentación cefálica flexionada. Se excluyeron parturientas que ingresaron a la institución en período expulsivo y las que tenían información incompleta en la historia clínica. Los datos provenientes del estudio se agruparon bajo la forma de banco de datos y se analizaron en el Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) versión 25.0. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó la prueba χ2 de Pearson y la Prueba exacta de Fisher para comparar proporciones. Resultados La comparación de las prácticas asistenciales durante los años estudiados reveló una reducción de intervenciones como tricotomía (-100,0%), uso de supositorio rectal (-85,8%), posición de litotomía (-85,0%), uso de medicamentos para aliviar el dolor (-79,0%), analgesia epidural (-79,0%), uso de oxitocina (-73,3%), cateterización venosa (-60,5%), cardiotocografía (-51,1%), tonsura (-38,5%), pelota obstétrica (-31,0%) y posición semisentada (-5,4%); y un aumento en el porcentaje de prácticas como el cambio de posición (+828,6%), rebozo (+167,3%), posición de cuclillas (+100,0%), posición cuatro apoyos (+100,0%), posición de lado derecho (+100,0%), posición de lado izquierdo (+100,0%), uso de partograma (+43,3%), masajes terapéuticos (+33,4%), pinzamiento tardío del cordón umbilical (+37,3%), contacto piel con piel (+33,2%), amniotomía (+16,7%) y dieta líquida (+11,5%). Conclusión Frente al modelo predominante de atención obstétrica en Brasil, centrado en el médico obstetra y en prácticas intervencionistas, el modelo colaborativo de atención al parto, con actuación de enfermeras obstétricas, demuestra ser un camino para la atención a las mujeres, respecto a la fisiología del parto y al protagonismo de la mujer.

Abstract Objective To compare the care practices in normal-risk births assisted by obstetric nurses in a public hospital in Porto Alegre, Brazil in 2013, when the collaborative model was first implemented in that institute, with care practices employed in 2016. Methods A cross-sectional, retrospective, analytical study conducted in the obstetric center of a public hospital in Porto Alegre, Brazil with 186 women at normal-risk labor assisted by obstetric nurses in 2013-2016. Inclusion criteria were pregnant women at normal risk during prenatal care and hospital admission, with a single fetus born alive at full term (gestational age, 37-41 weeks) with a well-flexed cephalic presentation. Parturients admitted to the institute during the expulsion phase and those with incomplete information in their medical records were excluded. Data from the study were grouped into a database and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software, version 25.0. Pearson's chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were used to compare proportions. Results The comparison of care practices revealed a reduction in interventions such as trichotomy (−100.0%), rectal suppository use (−85.8%), lithotomic position (−85.0%), use of pain-relief medication (−79.0%), epidural analgesia (−79.0%), oxytocin use (−73.3%), venous catheterization (−60.5%), cardiotocography (−51.1%), pubic-hair trimming (−38.5%), birth ball (−31.0%), semi-sitting position (−5.4%), and an increase in practices such as change in position (+828.6%), rebozo (+167.3%), squatting position (+100.0%), all-fours position (+100.0%), right lateral position (+100.0%), left lateral position (+100.0%), use of partograms (+43.3%), therapeutic massage (+33.4%), late umbilical-cord clamping (+37.3%), skin-to-skin contact (+33.2%), amniotomy (+16.7%), and liquid diet (+11.5%). Conclusion In the context of the predominant model of obstetric care in Brazil, centered on the obstetric physician and interventionist practices, the collaborative model of childbirth care with the active participation of obstetric nurses is a good way to take care of women giving birth, respecting the physiology of childbirth, and the woman's protagonism.

Dispositivo seguro para transporte intra-hospitalar do recém-nascido junto à sua mãe: avaliação e usabilidade / Dispositivo seguro para transporte intra hospitalario del recién nacido con la madre: evaluación y usabilidad / Safe device for intrahospital transportation of newborns and their mothers: evaluation and usability

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar a usabilidade do carrega-bebê para o transporte seguro do recém-nascido junto à mãe e a satisfação das puérperas e da equipe de enfermagem. Método: estudo transversal, desenvolvido no Centro Obstétrico e na Internação Obstétrica, na região sul do Brasil, com 99 puérperas e 66 técnicos/auxiliares de enfermagem, no período de julho a setembro de 2018. Utilizou-se três questionários semiestruturados. Realizada análise descritiva. Resultados: dos técnicos/auxiliares de enfermagem, 40 eram do Centro Obstétrico e 23 da Internação Obstétrica. 95 puérperas consideraram o dispositivo uma medida de segurança para o recém-nascido. Quanto à satisfação, a nota média da equipe de enfermagem do Centro Obstétrico foi 8,9; na Internação Obstétrica, 9,6; e, para as puérperas, 9,6. Conclusão: a utilização do carrega-bebê foi bem avaliada pelos profissionais e pelas puérperas, considerando-se que preveniu quedas do recém-nascido durante o transporte. Devem-se considerar as sugestões de melhorias para que o dispositivo seja aprimorado.

RESUMEN: Objetivo: evaluar la usabilidad de las sillitas portátiles para el transporte seguro del recién nacido con su madre y la satisfacción de las puérperas y del equipo de enfermería. Método: estudio transversal, que se desarrolló en el Centro Obstétrico y en la Internación Obstétrica, en región sur de Brasil, con 99 puérperas y 66 técnicos/auxiliares de enfermería, em el período de julio a septiembre de 2018. Se utilizaron tres cuestionarios semi estructurados. Se hizo análisis descriptivo. Resultados: de los técnicos/auxiliares de enfermería, 40 eran del Centro Obstétrico y 23 de la Internación Obstétrica. 95 puérperas consideraron el dispositivo una medida de seguridad para el recién nacido. Acerca de la satisfacción, la nota promedio del equipo de enfermería del Centro Obstétrico fue 8,9; en la Internación Obstétrica, 9,6 y, para las puérperas, 9,6. Conclusión: la utilización de la sillita portátil fue bien evaluada por los profesionales y por las puérperas, considerándose que previne caídas del recién nacido durante el transporte. Se necesita tener en cuenta las sugerencias de mejorías para que el dispositivo sea perfeccionado.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the usability of the baby carrier for the safe transport of newborn infants with their mothers and the satisfaction of the mothers and the nursing team. Method: Cross-sectional study conducted at the Obstetric Center and Inpatient Obstetric Units, in the southern region of Brazil, with 99 postpartum women and 66 nursing technicians/assistants from July to September 2018. Three semi-structured questionnaires were applied. Descriptive analysis was performed. Results: Of the total number of nursing technicians/assistants, 40 were from the Obstetric Center and 23 from the Inpatient Obstetric Units. Ninety-five (95) postpartum women 95 perceived the device as a safety measure for the newborns. As for satisfaction, the average score of the nursing team at the Obstetric Center was 8.9; in Obstetric Admission, 9.6; and, the postpartum women obtained 9.6. Conclusion: The use of the baby carrier obtained high ratings from the professionals and the mothers, because it prevented falls of newborns during transport. Suggestions for improvements of the device should be considered.

Prática segura para partos em hospital universitário / Práctica segura para partos en un hospital universitario / Safe practice for childbirth in a university hospital

Objetivo: identificar a aplicação das práticas essenciais da Lista de Verificação para Partos Seguros (LVPS) da Organização Mundial da Saúde realizadas em Hospital Universitário. Método: estudo transversal descritivo, realizado no período de janeiro a outubro de 2018, com 51 profissionais que assistem o trabalho de parto, parto e puerpério. Para identificar as práticas aplicadas, utilizou-se um questionário semiestruturado e análise estatística. Resultados: práticas relacionadas ao uso de fármacos, disponibilidade de recursos materiais, identificação de sangramento anormal, contato pele à pele, amamentação e planejamento reprodutivo estão conforme o preconizado. Contudo, não houve padronização quanto às avaliações no partograma e às orientações às mulheres e acompanhantes sobre os sinais de agravamento. Conclusões: a LVPS apresenta-se como uma ferramenta inovadora na assistência obstétrica. Oferece oportunidade de melhorias e qualificação dos cuidados, padronizando condutas essenciais, como as orientações sobre os sinais clínicos e registro no partograma, favorecendo a segurança do binômio mãe-bebê.

Objective: to identify the application of the essential practices of the World Health Organization Checklist for Safe Births (CLSB) performed in a University Hospital. Method: a descriptive cross-sectional study, carried out from January to October 2018, with 51 professionals who assist in labor, delivery and puerperium. To identify the applied practices, a semi-structured questionnaire and statistical analysis were used. Results: practices related to the use of drugs, availability of material resources, identification of abnormal bleeding, skin-to-skin contact, breastfeeding and reproductive planning are as recommended. However, there was no standardization regarding the evaluations in the partogram and the orientations to women and companions about the signs of worsening. Conclusions: the CLSB presents itself as an innovative tool in obstetric care. It offers opportunities for improvement and qualification of care, standardizing essential conducts, such as guidelines on clinical signs and registration in the partogram, favoring the safety of the mother-baby binomial.

Objetivo: identificar la aplicación de las prácticas esenciales de la Lista de Verificación para Partos Seguros (LVPS) de la Organización Mundial de la Salud que se realizan en un Hospital Universitario. Método: estudio transversal y descriptivo realizado entre los meses de enero y octubre de 2018 con 51 profesionales que asisten en el trabajo de parto, en el parto y durante el puerperio. Para identificar las prácticas aplicadas se utilizaron un cuestionario semiestructurado y análisis estadístico. Resultados: las prácticas relacionadas con el uso de fármacos, la disponibilidad de recursos materiales, la identificación de sangrado anormal, el contacto piel a piel, el amamantamiento y la planificación reproductiva se condicen con las recomendaciones. Pese a todo, no hubo estandarización en cuanto a las evaluaciones en el partograma y a las orientaciones ofrecidas a las mujeres y a sus acompañantes sobre las señales de agravamiento del cuadro. Conclusiones: la LVPS se presenta como una herramienta innovadora en la asistencia obstétrica. Ofrece la oportunidad de mejorar y calificar los cuidados, estandarizando conductas esenciales como ser las orientaciones sobre las señales clínicas y el registro en el partograma, favoreciendo así la seguridad del binomio madre-bebé.