Idiopathic central sleep apnoea: an Indian case with polysomnographic findings.

Patients with idiopathic central sleep apnoea (ICSA) usually complain of poor quality sleep; yet many of them do not receive appropriate treatment because of poor recognition of ICSA by health professionals. We report the case of a patient with ICSA who was misdiagnosed and received treatment for seizures, depression or anxiety for a number of years and discuss the differential diagnosis and treatment options for ICSA.

Study on the Effect of Low Calcium Dialysate on Biochemical Profile of Adynamic Bone Disease in Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis.

In recent years, adynamic bone disease (ABD) has become a common skeletal lesion in adult patients with chronic kidney disease. We aimed to compare the effects of low calcium dialysate (LCD) and standard calcium dialysate of our facility [high calcium dialysate (HCD)] on the evolution of bone and mineral parameter related to ABD in dialysis patients. Forty patients with predialysis intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) <100 pg/mL and/or bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP) <27 U/L were included in this study and were equally distributed over LCD (1.25 mmol/L) or HCD (1.75 mmol/L) treatment. The duration of the study was 6 months. There was no significant difference in baseline characters and biochemical parameters related to chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder in both the groups. The groups did not differ in the mean tCa before dialysis, but this parameter was significantly lower in the LCD group versus HCD at the end of the study. The mean serum levels of iPTH, total alkaline phosphatase, and BAP in the LCD group were increased at 3 months and at the end of the study compared with the baseline levels. The bone markers in the HCD group did not change significantly. At the end of the study, all bone parameters in the LCD group were significantly higher than in the HCD group. Development of measures indicating increased bone turnover in patients receiving 1.25 mmol/L of dialysate calcium, most likely as a result of inhibiting a positive calcium balance and allowing for long-term PTH secretion stimulation. Hence, LCD might be considered a valuable therapeutic option for ABD patients.