Direct Observation of Homogeneous Cavitation in Nanopores.

We report on the evaporation of hexane from porous alumina and silicon membranes. These membranes contain billions of independent nanopores tailored to an ink-bottle shape, where a cavity several tens of nanometers in diameter is separated from the bulk vapor by a constriction. For alumina membranes with narrow enough constrictions, we demonstrate that cavity evaporation proceeds by cavitation. Measurements of the pressure dependence of the cavitation rate follow the predictions of the bulk, homogeneous, classical nucleation theory, definitively establishing the relevance of homogeneous cavitation as an evaporation mechanism in mesoporous materials. Our results imply that porous alumina membranes are a promising new system to study liquids in a deeply metastable state.

Stress or Strain Does Not Impact Sorption in Stiff Mesoporous Materials.

The present paper investigates strain-induced sorption in mesoporous silicon. Contrarily to a previous report based on indirect evidence, we find that external mechanical strain or stress has no measurable impact on sorption isotherms, down to a relative accuracy of 10-3. This conclusion is in agreement with the analysis of the sorption-induced strain of porous silicon and holds for other stiff mesoporous materials such as porous silicas.

[Experience with the early use of combined intensive drug and occupational (at an industrial enterprise) therapy of schizophrenic patients]. / Opyt rannego primeneniia kombinirovannoi intensivnoi medikamentoznoi i trudovoi (na promyshlennom predpriiatii) terapii bol'nykh shizofreniei.

The report contains some results of a 3 year study of combined intensive psychopharmacological and occupational therapy of 120 patients (on the basis of the Gannushkin City Mental Hospital N4 and 2 industrial plants) during the stage of a subacute development of the schizophrenic process. On the basis of clinical and methodological criteria the authors distinguish 3 groups of patients and 3 types of rehabilitative programmes respectively. The medical and socio-occupational effectiveness of the new modification of combined intensive psychopharmacological industrial therapy of schizophrenic patients has been confirmed.

Incorporando el soporte vital de los niños con discapacidades múltiples en la formación pediátrica de posgrado: ¿qué nos dicen los estudiantes sobre esta nueva experiencia? / Incorporating life support of children with disabilities multiple in training pediatric postgraduate: what do we the students say about this new experience?

Introducción: La competencia de los pediatras para el soporte vital de niños con discapacidades múltiples podría mejorar con nuevas estrategias educativas. Se evaluó, desde el punto de vista de los pediatras en formación, la incorporación de una rotación orientada al soporte vital de niños con discapacidades múltiples a dos programas de posgrado en pediatría. Métodos: Se diseñaron dos encuestas: una "diagnóstica" para explorar las necesidades de aprendizaje de los pediatras en formación sobre este tema y otra para evaluar la competencia percibida "prerrotación y posrotación" en seis aspectos seleccionados, junto con el grado de satisfacción con la rotación. Resultados: El 92% (n = 32) de los pediatras en formación respondieron la encuesta "diagnóstica": todos refirieron haber atendido niños con discapacidad, el 90,6% identificó la temática como relevante y el 87,5% consideró que debería ser parte del currículo. De los 35 pediatras en formación encuestados, 17 realizaron la rotación en el período estudiado. Todos (n = 17) los estudiantes que completaron la rotación respondieron la encuesta "prerrotación y posrotación": el 100% manifestó que esta era su primera experiencia de aprendizaje en el área, el 76,5% afirmó leer por primera vez sobre la temática y el 94,1% consideró confortable el ambiente de aprendizaje. Los puntajes utilizados para evaluar las competencias percibidas en las variables seleccionadas mejoraron significativamente luego de la rotación, salvo para las habilidades de comunicación. Los términos más frecuentemente utilizados por los encuestados para resumir los desafíos encontrados fueron "comunicación" y "familia". Conclusiones: Se han detectado necesidades de aprendizaje entre los pediatras en formación para el soporte vital de niños con discapacidades múltiples. Nuestros hallazgos sugieren que una rotación focalizada en la atención de niños con discapacidades múltiples podría mejorar estas competencias.(AU)

Introduction: Acquisition of the competences for vital support of children with multiple disabilities may be achieved by new educational strategies. The objective of this paper was to analyze the initial implementation of a new clerkship for training medical postgraduate students in vital support of children with multiple disabilities. Methods: A survey was designed to explore the educational needs of the postgraduate students. Of the 35 eligible postgraduate students, 17 participated in the clerkship. Attendees completed a survey before and after the clerkship assessing their perceived competence in six selected aspects, the relevance of the clerkship and their satisfaction with the experience. Results: In the initial survey, all participants referred previous contact with children suffering disabilities. The 90.6% considered the subject as relevant and 87.5% considered that it should be part of the curriculum. For all the participants who did the clerkship this was the first educational experience in the subject and 76.5% read about it for the first time. Scores for perceived competence improved significantly after clerkship participation, except for communicational skills. The terms more frequently used by the participants to describe the challenges were "communication" and "family". Conclusions: Postgraduate medical trainees have significant learning needs for vital support of children with multiple disabilities. A special clerkship focused on the vital support for these children can be an effective educational tool to improve these competences.(AU)

Adsorption in noninterconnected pores open at one or at both ends: a reconsideration of the origin of the hysteresis phenomenon.

We report on an experimental study of adsorption isotherm of nitrogen onto porous silicon with noninterconnected pores open at one or at both ends in order to check for the first time the old (1938) but always current idea based on Cohan's description which suggests that the adsorption of gas should occur reversibly in the first case and irreversibly in the second one. Hysteresis loops, the shape of which is usually associated with interconnections in porous media, are observed whether the pores are open at one or at both ends, in contradiction with Cohan's model.