Direct detection system for independent triplet-sideband signals based on a single photodiode.

This paper proposes a novel, to the best of our knowledge, independent triplet-single-sideband (triplet-SSB) transmission system scheme aimed at increasing channel capacity and improving spectrum efficiency. The conventional independent multiband transmission systems are limited by their complexity and high computational requirements, which hinder the improvement of spectrum efficiency and channel capacity. To address these challenges, this scheme uses three independent signals, modulated by an in-phase/quadrature (I/Q) modulator, and transmits them over a 5-km standard single-mode fiber (SSMF). At the receiver end, a single photodiode (PD) is used for signal reception, and the signals are separated using digital signal processing (DSP) algorithms. Through simulation and verification, the feasibility and reliability of the system are demonstrated, with the bit error rates (BERs) of all three signals below the hard decision forward error correction (HD-FEC) threshold value of 3.8 × 10-3. This independent triplet-SSB transmission system scheme effectively improves spectrum efficiency and channel capacity, providing a valuable solution for meeting the growing demands of data transmission.

Genome-wide identification, expression analysis, and functional study of the GRAS transcription factor family and its response to abiotic stress in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench].

BACKGROUND: GRAS, an important family of transcription factors, have played pivotal roles in regulating numerous intriguing biological processes in plant development and abiotic stress responses. Since the sequencing of the sorghum genome, a plethora of genetic studies were mainly focused on the genomic information. The indepth identification or genome-wide analysis of GRAS family genes, especially in Sorghum bicolor, have rarely been studied. RESULTS: A total of 81 SbGRAS genes were identified based on the S. bicolor genome. They were named SbGRAS01 to SbGRAS81 and grouped into 13 subfamilies (LISCL, DLT, OS19, SCL4/7, PAT1, SHR, SCL3, HAM-1, SCR, DELLA, HAM-2, LAS and OS4). SbGRAS genes are not evenly distributed on the chromosomes. According to the results of the gene and motif composition, SbGRAS members located in the same group contained analogous intron/exon and motif organizations. We found that the contribution of tandem repeats to the increase in sorghum GRAS members was slightly greater than that of fragment repeats. By quantitative (q) RT-PCR, the expression of 13 SbGRAS members in different plant tissues and in plants exposed to six abiotic stresses at the seedling stage were quantified. We further investigated the relationship between DELLA genes, GAs and grain development in S. bicolor. The paclobutrazol treatment significantly increased grain weight, and affected the expression levels of all DELLA subfamily genes. SbGRAS03 is the most sensitive to paclobutrazol treatment, but also has a high response to abiotic stresses. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, SbGRAs play an important role in plant development and response to abiotic stress. This systematic analysis lays the foundation for further study of the functional characteristics of GRAS genes of S. bicolor.

Corrigendum: Isolation, identification, biological characteristics, and antifungal efficacy of sodium bicarbonate combined with natamycin on Aspergillus niger from Shengzhou nane (Prunus salicina var. taoxingli) fruit.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1075033.].

Isolation, identification, biological characteristics, and antifungal efficacy of sodium bicarbonate combined with natamycin on Aspergillus niger from Shengzhou nane (Prunus salicina var. taoxingli) fruit.

The fungi causing fruit rot were isolated from symptomatic Shengzhou nane (Prunus salicina var. taoxingli) fruit and were identified as Aspergillus niger by biological characteristics and molecular analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region (rDNA-ITS) and translation elongation factor-1α (TEF-1α) sequences. Optimal growth conditions for A. niger were 30°C, pH 5.0-6.0, and fructose and peptone as carbon and nitrogen sources. The effects of sodium bicarbonate (SBC), natamycin (NT), and combined treatments on A. niger inhibition were investigated. Treatment with 4.0 g/L sodium bicarbonate (SBC) + 5.0 mg/L natamycin (NT) inhibited mycelial growth and spore germination as completely as 12.0 mg/L SBC or 25.0 mg/L NT. SBC and NT treatments disrupted the structural integrity of cell and mitochondria membranes and decreased enzyme activities involved in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), ATP production in mitochondria, and ergosterol content in the plasma membrane, thus leading to the inhibition of A. niger growth. Moreover, experimental results in vivo showed that the rot lesion diameter and decay rate of Shengzhou nane fruit treated with SBC and NT were significantly reduced compared with the control. The results suggest that the combination treatment of SBC and NT could be an alternative to synthetic fungicides for controlling postharvest Shengzhou nane decay caused by A. niger.

Comparison of Nutrition and Flavor Characteristics of Five Breeds of Pork in China.

To characterize the quality of widely consumed pork in China, the chemical compositions and other indexes of five breeds of pork were compared. The results indicated that the moisture content, sensory flavor, and overall acceptability of Pipa pork (PPP) were superior to other breeds. The fat content and essential amino acids (EAA) of Yihao native pork (YNP) were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than in other breeds. The protein content, the total amount of amino acids, and perceptible flavor of Tibetan black pork (TBP) were higher than in other breeds. The protein nutrition profiles of manor black pork (MBP) and TBP were better than in others. The equivalent umami concentration (EUC) value of white pork (WP) was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than in others; however, the health risk of its fatty acid content was higher. There were unique protein and flavor chemicals in YNP, TBP, and PPP, which may be useful for distinguishing their authenticity.

Characterization of umami compounds in bone meal hydrolysate.

The objective of this research was to identify and characterize the chemical compounds that exhibited monosodium glutamate (MSG)-like taste in the hydrolyzed bone meal produced by using flavourzyme. The free amino acids and peptides in the bone meal hydrolysate were analyzed. The results showed that the glutamic acid and the aspartic acid in the bone meal increased by 13.1 times and 14.2 times, respectively, after the flavourzyme hydrolysis. The peptides' isolation identified six MSG-like peptides in the hydrolysate, including APGPVGPAG, DAINWPTPGEIAH, FLGDEETVR, GVDEATIIEILTK, PAGPVGPVG, and VAPEEHPTL, which should contribute to the taste. The human sensory evaluation results indicated that the six peptides showed MSG-like taste, and the electronic tongue analysis indicated that the six peptides showed sourness, saltiness, bitterness, and astringency. The findings of this study demonstrated that the MSG-like taste of the bone meal hydrolysate should be attributed to the generation of MSG-like amino acids and peptides from the flavourzyme hydrolysis. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The manuscript describes the umami compounds in the bone meal hydrolysate. The findings from this study should further confirm the feasibility of using bone meal to prepare meat-flavor essence and provide a better understanding of preparing bio-source flavoring peptides, which is very important to the artificial meat development and gene breeding.

Rapid screening of 70 colorants in dyeable foods by using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-hybrid quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometry with customized accurate-mass database and mass spectral library.

A rapid screening method of 70 colorants for regulatory control in dyeable foods was established using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-hybrid quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q/Orbitrap MS) with customized accurate-mass database and mass spectral library. A rapid, high-throughput, and simple sample pretreatment condition with low reagent consumption and high recovery was developed on the basis of ultrasound-assisted extraction and dispersion solid-phase extraction. Rapid screening was conducted by comparing the experimentally measured exact mass of the parent and fragment ions, the isotope pattern, and the retention time with the accurate-mass database and by matching the acquired MS/MS spectra against the mass spectral library. The performance of the method was evaluated in terms of linearity, limits of detection, limits of quantitation, recovery, repeatability, reproducibility, and matrix effect. The proposed method was applied for simultaneous analysis of 70 colorants in seven kinds of dyeable foods, and it exhibited great potential for broad, sensitive, and reliable.