Measuring "we-ness" in couple relationships: A social identity approach.

Research on couple relationships has increasingly focused on the concept of "we-ness", the subjective closeness of the couple bond, as crucial to predicting relationship outcomes including satisfaction and dissolution. However, diverging perspectives on the definition, terminology, and measurement of this concept persist. We drew upon social identity theorizing to clarify the nature of we-ness and investigate its predictive utility. Participants were 375 members of the general community in long-term intimate relationships. The sample were aged 18-74 (M = 37.22; SD = 12.00) and 69% were women. Participants completed seven measures of we-ness drawn from both the couple literature and the social identity literature. We used exploratory factor analyses to establish the latent structure of we-ness, and regression analyses to examine the utility of each we-ness factor in predicting relationship satisfaction and likelihood of dissolution. A four-factor solution was extracted and the factors were labeled couple identity, partner liking, relationship orientation, and partner similarity. Each of the four factors explained unique variance in relationship quality, with couple identity being most strongly associated with positive outcomes. We conclude that couple research can fruitfully draw upon social identity theorizing in conceptualizing we-ness. This has implications both for more effectively measuring key concepts and for more precisely targeting interventions in couple therapy.

The Couple Flourishing Measure.

Couple satisfaction has been extensively investigated, but little attention has been paid to the nature and assessment of high-quality, flourishing couple relationships. Particularly, current measures of relationship quality are insensitive at the upper end of the continuum, which in turn hinders progress toward understanding and facilitating flourishing couple relationships. Drawing on concepts developed in positive psychology, we proposed a theoretical framework of couple flourishing that incorporates hedonic and eudemonic components. Items to assess these aspects of couple flourishing were generated and administered online to a sample of 1,116 participants. Using combined methods of classical test theory and item response theory (IRT), we selected the most informative items to form 4-, 8-, 16-item versions of a Couple Flourishing Measure (CFM). IRT analyses show that the CFM discriminated variation at the upper range of relationship quality better than widely used measures of relationship satisfaction. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that couple flourishing was related to, but distinguishable from, relationship satisfaction. In an independent sample of 330 participants, we replicated the unifactorial structure of the CFM, and the distinguishability of couple flourishing from couple satisfaction. This research offers new insight into the concept of relationship flourishing. The sensitivity of the CFM at the high end of relationship quality makes it possible to test for predictors of relationship flourishing and evaluate interventions that seek to enhance flourishing.

La satisfacción en la pareja se ha investigado exhaustivamente, pero se ha prestado poca atención a la índole y a la evaluación de las relaciones de pareja de alta calidad y prósperas. Particularmente, los instrumentos de medición actuales de la calidad de las relaciones no captan el extremo superior del proceso, lo cual a su vez obstaculiza el avance hacia la comprensión y la facilitación de las relaciones de pareja prósperas. Utilizando conceptos desarrollados en la psicología positiva, propusimos un marco teórico de prosperidad de la pareja que incorpora componentes hedónicos y eudemónicos. Los ítems para evaluar estos aspectos de la prosperidad de la pareja se generaron y se administraron en línea a una muestra de 1116 participantes. Utilizando métodos combinados de la teoría clásica de las evaluaciones y la teoría de respuesta a ítems, elegimos los ítems más informativos para formar versiones de 4, 8 y 16 ítems de un instrumento de medición de la prosperidad de la pareja. Los análisis de la teoría de respuesta a ítems indican que el instrumento de medición de la prosperidad de la pareja discriminó mejor la variación en el rango superior de la calidad de la relación que los instrumentos de medición de la satisfacción en la relación de uso generalizado. El análisis factorial confirmatorio indicó que la prosperidad de la pareja estuvo relacionada con la satisfacción en la relación, pero se diferenció de ella. En una muestra independiente de 330 participantes, reprodujimos la estructura unifactorial del instrumento de medición de la prosperidad de la pareja, y la diferenciación de la prosperidad de la pareja respecto de la satisfacción en la pareja. Esta investigación ofrece nuevos conocimientos sobre el concepto de prosperidad de la relación. La sensibilidad del instrumento de medición de la prosperidad de la pareja en el extremo superior de la calidad de la relación hace posible analizar los predictores de la prosperidad de la relación y evaluar las intervenciones orientadas a mejorar la prosperidad.

Relationship standards and Malay Muslim couples' marital satisfaction.

Relationship standards are beliefs about what is important in high-quality couple relationships. Clarifying standards cross-culturally informs theory about relationship quality and goals for culturally appropriate couple therapy. The current study assessed four standards (Couple Bond, Family Responsibility, Relationship Effort, and Religion) in n = 113 Malay Muslim couples, and the association of those standards with marital satisfaction. All four standards were strongly endorsed, Religion was the most strongly endorsed, and there were minimal sex differences. Separate actor-partner interdependence models showed actor effects of all four standards on own satisfaction for husbands and wives, partner effects of three of the four husbands' standards (not Relationship Effort) on wives' satisfaction, but no partner effects of female standards on male satisfaction. The findings underscore the importance of all four standards in Malay Muslim marriages and that attention to all these standards might need to be part of couple therapy with Malay couples.