[Preliminary Application of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound in the Treatment of Diabetic Ulcers].

Objective: To investigate the role of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in the treatment of diabetic ulcers. Methods: The clinical data of 27 diabetic patients, who underwent CEUS examination of their ulcers in our hospital between April 2021 and July 2022 were collected. Among them, 26 patients suffered from diabetic foot ulcers, 5 of whom underwent amputation during hospitalization, and one patient suffered from hip ulcer. The 27 patients' mean age was (64.08±12.57) years. Fasting blood glucose levels of the patients were 3.36-34.61 mmol/L, with a mean of (10.62±8.77) mmol/L. Their glycosylated hemoglobin levels were 5.80%-10.70%, with an average of 7.96%±1.50%. Philips EPIQ7 ultrasound system with L9-3 linear probe of 3-9 MHz was used. First, the patients' ulcers were examined with conventional ultrasound to observe for abnormal echo. Then, 2.4 mL SonoVue (Bracco, Italy), a contrast agent, was injected intravenously through the elbow to look for effusion/pus, sinus tract, or dead space in the lesion area, and images were acquired. Results: Among the 27 patients, except for 5 with amputation stumps, 22 patients had wound areas ranging from 0.16 cm 2 to 215 cm 2, all being accompanied by sinus tract formation. Ten patients underwent ultrasound examination during their treatment. The positive rate of the results of conventional ultrasound was 50% (5/10) for identifying effusion/pus and pseudoaneurysm in the deep area of ulcers, while the positive rate of CEUS results was 100% (10/10). In addition to the lesions found by conventional ultrasound, CEUS also found large sinus tracts or dead spaces in the deep surface of ulcers in 5 additional patients. Of the 27 patients, 17 underwent ultrasound examination of the healing status of sinus tracts and dead spaces in the deep areas of ulcers before discharge. No sinus tracts in the deep areas of the ulcers were found by conventional ultrasound. However, relatively small dead spaces or sinus tracts in the deep areas of the ulcers were found in 10 patients by CEUS. Conventional ultrasound and CEUS found that 1 patient had a small amount of fluid in the amputation stump. In the remaining 6 patients, no deep sinus tracts in the ulcers were found by either conventional ultrasound or CUES, and the ulcers healed completely. Conclusion: By examining microvascular perfusion in diabetic wounds with CEUS, we can observe the extent of sinus tracts during treatment and whether the sinus tracts have healed or whether there are still dead spaces before patient discharge, which provides support for clinical decision-making concerning the treatment of diabetic ulcers.

Prognostic values of human epididymis protein 4 expression in patients with endometrial cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: There is no consensus on the correlation between human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) and prognosis of endometrial cancer (EC). Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to assess the relationship between HE4 and prognosis of EC. METHODS: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, the databases were searched. Correlation of serum or tissue HE4 with clinicopathological characteristics was determined by odds ratio (OR) or standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI), respectively. The hazard ratio (HR) with 95% CI was calculated to evaluate the correlation between HE4 and survival outcome. RESULTS: A total of 38 published studies were eligible. We found that high levels of serum HE4 were associated with FIGO III-IV stage (SMD = 1.58, 95%CI: 1.18-1.98, p < 0.001), grade 3 (SMD = 0.66, 95%CI: 0.39-0.93, p = 0.001), ≥50% myometrial invasion (SMD = 0.78, 95%CI: 0.58-0.99, p < 0.001), lymphovascular space invasion (SMD = 0.82, 95%CI: 0.54-1.11, p = 0.001), lymph node metastasis (SMD = 1.27, 95%CI: 0.84-1.69, p < 0.001), cervical involvement (SMD = 0.71, 95%CI: 0.43-0.98, p = 0.003), parametrial involvement (SMD = 1.03, 95%CI: 0.71-1.35, p < 0.001) and peritoneal cytology (SMD = 0.49, 95%CI: 0.22-0.75, p < 0.001). High expression of tissue HE4 was only significantly associated with lymph node metastasis (OR = 6.19, 95%CI: 2.07-18.50, p = 0.001). High levels of serum HE4 were significantly associated with poor overall survival (univariate: HR = 3.77, 95%CI: 1.94-7.32, p < 0.001; multivariate: HR = 2.15, 95%CI: 1.65-2.80, p < 0.001) and disease-free survival (univariate: HR = 2.89, 95%CI: 2.14-3.88, p < 0.001; multivariate: HR = 2.31, 95%CI:1.20-2.67, p < 0.001) in EC. Compared with cancer antigen 125, serum HE4 may be a better prognostic indicator for EC. CONCLUSIONS: High HE4 expression is associated with poor prognosis of EC and may be a potential prognostic biomarker for EC.

Phylogenomic framework of the IRLC legumes (Leguminosae subfamily Papilionoideae) and intercontinental biogeography of tribe Wisterieae.

The inverted repeat-lacking clade (IRLC) is one of the most derived clades within the subfamily Papilionoideae of the legume family, and includes various economically important plants, e.g., chickpeas, peas, liquorice, and the largest genus of angiosperms, Astragalus. Tribe Wisterieae is one of the earliest diverged groups of the IRLC, and its generic delimitation and spatiotemporal diversification needs further clarifications. Based on genome skimming data, we herein reconstruct the phylogenomic framework of the IRLC, and infer the inter-generic relationships and historical biogeography of Wisterieae. We redefine tribe Caraganeae to contain Caragana only, and tribe Astragaleae is reduced to the Erophaca-Astragalean clade. The chloroplast capture scenario was hypothesized as the most plausible explanation of the topological incongruences between the chloroplast CDSs and nuclear ribosomal DNA trees in both the Glycyrrhizinae-Adinobotrys-Wisterieae clade and the Chesneyeae-Caraganeae-Hedysareae clade. A new name, Caragana lidou L. Duan & Z.Y. Chang, is proposed within Caraganeae. Thirteen genera are herein supported within Wisterieae, including a new genus, Villosocallerya L. Duan, J. Compton & Schrire, segregated from Callerya. Our biogeographic analyses suggest that Wisterieae originated in the late Eocene and its most recent common ancestor (MRCA) was distributed in continental southeastern Asia. Lineages of Wisterieae remained in the ancestral area from the early Oligocene to the early Miocene. By the middle Miocene, Whitfordiodendron and the MRCA of Callerya-Kanburia-Villosocallerya Clade became disjunct between the Sunda area and continental southeastern Asia, respectively; the MRCA of Wisteria migrated to North America via the Bering land bridge. The ancestor of Austrocallerya and Padbruggea migrated to the Wallacea-Oceania area, which split in the early Pliocene. In the Pleistocene, Wisteria brachybotrys, W. floribunda and Wisteriopsis japonica reached Japan, and Callerya cinerea dispersed to South Asia. This study provides a solid phylogenomic for further evolutionary/biogeographic/systematic investigations on the ecologically diverse and economically important IRLC legumes.

11-Methoxytabersonine Induces Necroptosis with Autophagy through AMPK/mTOR and JNK Pathways in Human Lung Cancer Cells.

Aspidosperma alkaloids, a subclass of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids rich in the Apocynaceae plants, possess remarkable antitumor activities, but the underlying mechanisms have rarely been reported. In the current project, 11-methoxytabersonine (11-MT), an aspidosperma-type alkaloid isolated from Tabernaemontana bovina, significantly inhibited the viability of two human lung cancer cell lines A549 and H157, and the molecular mechanisms were thus investigated. The results showed that 11-MT killed lung cancer cells via induction of necroptosis in an apoptosis-independent manner. In addition, 11-MT strongly induced autophagy in the two cell lines, which played a protective role against 11-MT-induced necroptosis. Finally, the autophagy caused by 11-MT was found to be via activation of the AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathways in both cells. Taken together, 11-MT exhibited an antitumor mechanism different from that of previously reported analogues and could have the potential to serve as a lead compound for the development of new chemotherapy for lung cancer.

[Quality Assessment of Euglycemic Glucose Clamp Test].

OBJECTIVE: To explorethe quality of euglycemic glucose clamptest performed in the West China Hospital from 2014 to 2017 and to evaluate whether the quality control indexes are suitable for the quality assessment of the clamp test. METHODS: The data collected from 80 euglycemic glucose clamp tests performed between 2014 and2017 were divided into 4 groups according to the coefficient of variation of the blood glucose concentrations (CVBG): group A (CVBG≤4.5%), group B (4.5% < CVBG≤5.0%), group C (5.0% < CVBG≤5.5%) and group D(CVBG > 5.5%).The differences in percentage of glucose excursion from target range (GEFTR), the duration of GEFTR, the area under curve (AUC) of GEFTR, the mean value of excursion from target glucose (GEFT) and the AUC of GEFT were calculated and compared. RESULTS: In group A, the mean value of CVBG was 3.75%. In group B, the mean value of CVBG was 4.76%. In group C, the mean value of CVBG was 5.28%. The median value of CVBG in group D was 6.07%. The percentage of GEFTR, the duration of GEFTR, the AUC of GEFTR, the mean value of GEFT and the AUC of GEFT in group A were all less than those of other groups (P < 0.05).For the same indexes, there were no significant differences between group B and C, while they were higher in group D compared with the other three groups. CVBG was positively correlated with other quality control indexes (correlation coefficient r was 0.770-0.805). Based on the cut-off point 5% of CVBG, the cut-off points of the percentage of GEFTR, the duration of GEFTR, the AUC of GEFTR, the mean value of GEFT and the AUC of GEFT were 5.8%, 14.6 min, 22.82 mg/dL×min, 3.23 mg/dL, 216.25 mg/dL×min/h respectively, with the sensitivity range from 79.3% to 100% and the specificity range from 74.5% to 89.7%.Combined with these indexes, 8.11% of euglycemic clamps were found to havepoor quality in group A, while 66.67% of euglycemic clamps showed acceptable quality in group C. CONCLUSIONS: The investigators should provide an estimation of the quality of the clamps when reporting the results of the insulin analogues' PK/PD characteristics using euglycemic clamps. CVBG less than 4.5% indicates a good quality, and the above-mentioned quality control indexes especially the AUC of GEFT(cut-off point: 216.25 mg·/dL×min/h) should be evaluated when CVBG is more than 4.5%.False high quality and false low quality euglycemic clamps will be detected and a more precise estimation of quality assessment should be made by the combination of these indexes.

[Pancreatic ß-cell Dysfunction and Apoptosis Induced by Elevated Free Fatty Acids Synergize with Hyperglycemia].

OBJECTIVES: To analysis the effects of glucoxicity and lipotoxicity on the function and apoptosis of pancreatic ß-cells. METHODS: The levels of circulating glucose and free fat acids (FFAs) were elevated by infusion dextrose and fat emulsion in high-fat obese rats. The insulin resistance model obese rats were divided into four gourp: obese group with saline infusion (OB-NS group, n=7), obese group with glucose infusion (OB-GS group, n=9), obese group with Lipid emulsion infusion (OB-FFA group, n=8), obese group with glucose and lipid emulsion infusion (OB-FG group, n=9). Five rats fed with general diet were taken as normal group (NC group).Plasma FFAs and ß-hydroxybutyric acid (ß-HBA) concentrations were determined by an enzymatic colorimetric method. An intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) was performed to examine the glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in vivo and immunohistochemical staining to detect the storage volume of insulin. FFA and ß-HBA concentrations were measured at baseline and post-infusion. The apoptosis of pancreatic ß-cell was detected byin situ end labeling technique (TUNEL). RESULTS: Glucose infusion rate (GIR) of obese rats was significantly lower than that in NC group [(10.82±1.8) mg/(kg·min) vs. (25.21±1.7) mg/(kg·min), P<0.05], confirming insulin resistance rat model successfully established. The insulin secretion peak load time of OB-FG group rats delayed, and the serum insulin level was significantly lower than that of NC group and OB-NS group during IVGTT. The differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). Compared with OB-NS and NC groups, storage volume of insulin of OB-GS group reduced, and ß cell apoptosis rate elevated significantly. CONCLUSIONS: Glucolipotoxicity could induce ketone overproduction, insulin resistance and defective insulin secretion.

P-Hydroxycinnamaldehyde Induces B16-F1 Melanoma Cell Differentiation via the RhoA-MAPK Signaling Pathway.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Due to its antitumor and gastroprotective properties, cochinchina momordica seed (CMS), has been widely used to treat cancer patients in Asia. Our previous reports have shown that CMS is able to induce the differentiation of B16-F1 melanoma cells. However, its functional component and mechanism remain unclear and are addressed in this study. METHODS AND RESULTS: CMSP (p-hydroxycinnamaldehyde isolated from CMS) inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasiveness of B16-F1 cells both in vivo and in vitro. CMSP also induced the differentiation of B16-F1 cells, as characterized by dendrite-like outgrowth, increased melanogenesis and enhanced tyrosinase activity. Furthermore, CMSP treatment reduced the level of malignant markers of melanoma, specifically S-100B and melanoma-derived growth regulatory protein precursor (MIA), in a concentration-dependent manner. According to a western blot analysis, B16-F1 cells treated with CMSP exhibited a sustained increase in p-P38 and decreased activities of ERK and JNK. Our data further indicated that the downregulation of GTP-RhoA, which was mediated by increased cAMP release, was involved in CMSP-induced changes in MAPK, while LPA (Lysophosphatidic acid) partially reversed CMSP-induced B16 cell differentiation. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrated that CMSP-induced differentiation of B16F1 cells may occur through the RhoA-MAPK axis, which suggests a new potential strategy for melanoma treatment.

Formation of a built-in field at the porphyrin/ITO interface directly proven by the time-resolved photovoltage technique.

Two assemblies, porphyrin powder/ITO and porphyrin film/ITO, were built by a facile method. The time-resolved photovoltage technique was utilized to prove the behaviour of photo-induced charges in the two assemblies. The photovoltage results show that the porphyrin film/ITO assembly displays a reversal polarity response, which is different from the response of porphyrin powder/ITO. This phenomenon is due to the effect of a built-in field on photo-induced charge behaviour at the porphyrin film/ITO interface. This result is beneficial for the development of a measuring method for detecting heterojunction interface formation and understanding the photoelectric process in photoelectric materials and devices.

[Effects of GLP-1 Agonist Exenatide on Cardiac Diastolic Function and Vascular Endothelial Function in Diabetic Patients].

OBJECTIVE: To study the protective effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) on the left ventricular diastolic function and endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: 27 patients with type 2 diabetes were randomly divided into two groups: GLP-1 treated group and insulin treated group. Patients in the GLP-1 group were given GLP-1 analogue and metformin hydrochloride. Patients in the insulin group were given insulin and metformin hydrochloride. The outcomes of treatments were measured by fasting plasma glucose (FBG) fasting lipid profile, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), blood pressure and general clinical features. High resolution Doppler ultrasound was performed to detect mitral early diastolic rapid filling (E-wave), atrial contraction late filling (A-wave), E/A ratio, early diastolic mitral annular velocity (e), late diastolic mitral annular velocity (a), e/a ratio, endothelium-dependent vasodilatation (EDV) mediated by brachial arterial blood flow, and endothelium-independent vasodilatation (EIV) mediated by nitroglycerin. RESULTS: The levels of FBG and HbA1c decreased significantly in both groups after treatments (P < 0.05). Patients in the GLP-1 group showed improved e, e/a ratio, and E/e ratio after treatments (P < 0.05), but no significant changed in E, A, and E/A ratio (P > 0.05). By contrast, patients in the insulin group showed no significant changes in e, a, E, A, E/A ratio, e/a ratio and E/e ratio after treatments (P > 0.05). EDV increased significantly after treatments in both groups (P < 0.05). A higher level of post-treatment EDV was found in patients in the GLP-1 group compared with those in the insulin group. No significant changes in EIV were found in both groups. CONCLUSION: GLP-1 may be able to mitigate the left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and improve endothelial function of patients with type 2 diabetes. Our findings suggest that GLP-1 has the potential to prevent or delay cardiovascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes. Further studies are needed.

Isocitrate lyase is required for urediniospore germination of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici.

The PstICL1 gene, which encodes isocitrate lyase, a key enzyme in the glyoxylate cycle, was cloned and characterized in the biotrophic wheat pathogen Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst). Expression analyses of PstICL1 exhibited high levels of transcripts in ungerminated urediniospores, which showed low isocitrate lyase enzyme activity. In planta, PstICL1 expression was continuously down-regulated upon germination. During the later stages of the infection of wheat, the level of PstICL1 expression was extremely low. The function of PstICL1 was identified via mutant complementation. The expression of PstICL1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae can complement the defects of the △ICL mutant. Using 3-nitropropionate, we observed that inactivation of isocitrate lyase greatly reduced the germination rate of urediniospores, indicating that PstICL1 plays a key role during Pst germination. Furthermore, analysis of lipid bodies revealed that lipid components continuously enter the germ tube from the urediniospore cell during germ tube elongation. Moreover, during this period, the lipid contents continuously decreased, and the total carbohydrates markedly increased, demonstrating that the lipids are being converted into carbohydrates. These results suggest that PstICL1 is required for Pst germination.

Cloning and molecular characterization of a myosin light chain gene from Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici.

The fungus Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), the causal agent of wheat stripe rust, is an obligate biotrophic basidiomycete. Many studies have found that myosins play important roles during fungal growth and propagation. However, there are few reports on the myosins of Pst. In this study, we cloned and obtained the myosin light chain gene PsMLC1 from Pst and characterized its expression. Furthermore, the function of PsMLC1 was identified by mutant complementation. As a result, we found that expression of PsMLC1 in Schizosaccharomyces pombe mostly complemented the defects of the cdc4 mutant, indicating that PsMLC1 belongs to the myosin light chain family member. Expression studies showed that the transcript levels of PsMLC1 little changed before 24 h post inoculation then was suddenly down-regulated during Pst infection of wheat. By using ML-7, we observed that inactivity of PsMLC1 greatly reduced the germination rate of urediniospores. These results suggest that PsMLC1 is essential for the early stages of Pst infection of wheat but unnecessary for the later stages of infection. This work elucidates the function of the myosins in Pst and may provide some theoretical basis for controlling strip rust.

Shexiang Tongxin Dropping Pill Promotes Angiogenesis through VEGF/eNOS Signaling Pathway on Diabetic Coronary Microcirculation Dysfunction.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of Shexiang Tongxin Dropping Pill (STDP) on angiogenesis in diabetic cardiomyopathy mice with coronary microcirculation dysfunction (CMD). METHODS: According to a random number table, 6 of 36 SPF male C57BL/6 mice were randomly selected as the control group, and the remaining 30 mice were injected with streptozotocin intraperitoneally to replicate the type 1 diabetes model. Mice successfully copied the diabetes model were randomly divided into the model group, STDP low-dose group [15 mg/(kg·d)], medium-dose group [30 mg/(kg·d)], high-dose group [60 mg/(kg·d)], and nicorandil group [15 mg/(kg·d)], 6 in each group. The drug was given by continuous gavage for 12 weeks. The cardiac function of mice in each group was detected at the end of the experiment, and coronary flow reserve (CFR) was detected by chest Doppler technique. Pathological changes of myocardium were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining, collagen fiber deposition was detected by masson staining, the number of myocardial capillaries was detected by platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 staining, and the degree of myocardial hypertrophy was detected by wheat germ agglutinin staining. The expression of the vascular endothlial growth factor (VEGF)/endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) signaling pathway-related proteins in myocardial tissue was detected by Western blot. RESULTS: Compared with the model group, medium- and high-dose STDP significantly increased the left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular fraction shortening (P<0.01), obviously repaired the disordered cardiac muscle structure, reduced myocardial fibrosis, reduced myocardial cell area, increased capillary density, and increased CFR level (all P<0.01). Western blot showed that high-dose STDP could significantly increase the expression of VEGF and promote the phosphorylation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, phosphoinositide 3-kinase, protein kinase B, and eNOS (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSION: STDP has a definite therapeutic effect on diabetic CMD, and its mechanism may be related to promoting angiogenesis through the VEGF/eNOS signaling pathway.

[Exendin-4 improves impaired endothelial dependent vasodilation in obese rat].

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether exendin-4 (Ex-4 )might improve endothelial dysfunction in aorta isolated from high-fatty diet induced obese rats. METHODS: 20 male Wistar rats were divided into normal control and high-fat supplement (OB) groups (n= 10 for each group). The rats were sacrificed after 10 weeks feeding and thoracic aorta was dissected and cut into four rings of 3 mm length, the response to acethylcholine (Ach) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were examined in organ bath containing Krebs-Henseleit (K-H) solution. In order to study the direct effects of Ex-4 on obese rats vascular function, the aortic rings obtained from obese rats were incubated with K-H solution (OB-C group, n = 10),or with K-H solution plus Ex-4 (OB-Ex group, n = 10). Aortic rings obtained from normal control group (n = 10) were incubated with K-H solution. After 1 hour of incubation, the aortic rings were precontracted with norepinephrine (0.1 gmol/L), then the rings were exposed to cumulative concentration of Ach (10(9)-10(4) mol/L) or sodium SNP (10(9)-10 6(-6) mol/L) to test the endothelial dependent (EDV) and independent vasodilation (EIV). The blood plasma of the rats was collected for biochemical test and celiac fat and body mass data were also obtained. RESULTS: The levels of serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, and free fat acid were elevated in the obese group compared with that of normal control group (P < 0.01). The ratio of celiac fat and body mass in the obese rats was also higher than the control (P < 0.05). Ach caused a concentration dependent vascular relaxation in all pre-constricted aortic rings. Compared to the control group, maximal endothelium dependent relaxation in the obese group was impaired (P < 0.05). The EIV values were comparable between two groups. Pre-incubation of obese rat's vessels with Ex-4 significantly increased cumulative relaxation to Ach (P < 0.05). SNP induced vessels relaxation had no statistical significance each groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Endothelial function was impaired in obese rats. Ex-4 directly mitigates impaired endothelial-dependent vasorelaxation of isolated obese rat's aortas.

A rare case report of primary uterine and vaginal lymphoma in the elderly.

Uterine lymphoma is rare and usually occurs in middle-aged women. The clinical symptoms lack any specific characteristics. Imaging characteristics usually include uterine enlargement with density and uniform signal soft tissue masses. Magnetic resonance T2 weighted imaging, enhanced scanning, diffusion weighted imaging and apparent diffusion coefficient values have certain characteristics. The gold standard for diagnosis remains a pathological examination of a biopsy specimen. The special feature of this current case was that the uterine lymphoma occurred in an 83-year-old female patient that presented with a pelvic mass for more than 1 month. Based on the imaging findings, a primary uterine lymphoma was considered, but her advanced age of onset did not match the disease. After pathological confirmation, the patient was diagnosed with uterine lymphoma and she received eight cycles of R-CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisolone) plus local radiotherapy for the large masses. The patients achieved good results. Follow-up enhanced computed tomography imaging showed that the uterine volume had significantly reduced compared with before treatment. The diagnosis of elderly patients with uterine lymphoma can provide a more accurate plan for subsequent treatment.

Diagnostic value of serum human epididymis protein 4, carbohydrate antigen 125 and their combination in endometrial cancer: A meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: To systematically analyze the value of human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) and carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) in the diagnosis of endometrial cancer, so as to provide evidence-based medical evidence for the selection of serum tumor markers in the early screening of endometrial cancer. METHODS: We comprehensively searched relevant literature in the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, VIP, WanFang, and CBM from the date of establishment to November 31, 2021. Quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies 2 was applied to evaluate the quality of the included literature. We used Stata 16.0 to calculate the pooled sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPE), positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR) and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) and plot summary receiver operating characteristic curve, as well as to assess diagnostic accuracy using the area under the curve (AUC). RESULTS: A total of 25 studies, including 1980 patients and 2345 controls, were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled SEN, SPE, PLR, NLR, DOR, and AUC of HE4 were 0.58 (95% CI 0.52-0.63), 0.95 (95% CI 0.92-0.97), 11.57 (95% CI 6.88-19.48), 0.45 (95% CI 0.39-0.51), 25.92 (95% CI 14.84-45.26), and 0.80 (95% CI 0.76-0.83), respectively. The pooled SEN, SPE, PLR, NLR, DOR, and AUC of CA125 were 0.41 (95% CI 0.34-0.49), 0.91 (95% CI 0.85-0.95), 4.55 (95% CI 2.73-7.58), 0.65 (95% CI 0.57-0.74), 7.03 (95% CI 3.92-12.62), and 0.68 (95% CI 0.64-0.72), respectively. The pooled SEN, SPE, PLR, NLR, DOR, and AUC of HE4 + CA125 were 0.67 (95% CI 0.60-0.73), 0.92 (95% CI 0.87-0.95), 8.59 (95% CI 5.32-13.86), 0.36 (95% CI 0.30-0.44), 23.80 (95% CI 13.86-40.86), and 0.85 (95% CI 0.82-0.88), respectively. CONCLUSION: This Meta-analysis found that HE4 alone or in combination with CA125 showed better diagnostic efficacy than CA125, regardless of clinical stage and pathological type. HE4 + CA125 had slightly higher diagnostic efficiency than HE4, but did not show significant advantages. While the studies were heterogeneous, the credibility of the findings needs to be further confirmed by more homogeneous, prospective, and large sample size studies.

Effect of exogenous hydrogen sulfide in the nucleus tractus solitarius on gastric motility in rats.

BACKGROUND: Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a recently discovered gaseous neurotransmitter in the nervous and gastrointestinal systems. It exerts its effects through multiple signaling pathways, impacting various physiological activities. The nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS), a vital nucleus involved in visceral sensation, was investigated in this study to understand the role of H2S in regulating gastric function in rats. AIM: To examine whether H2S affects the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 pathways and the neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor in the NTS. METHODS: Immunohistochemical and fluorescent double-labeling techniques were employed to identify cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) and c-Fos co-expressed positive neurons in the NTS during rat stress. Gastric motility curves were recorded by inserting a pressure-sensing balloon into the pylorus through the stomach fundus. Changes in gastric motility were observed before and after injecting different doses of NaHS (4 nmol and 8 nmol), physiological saline, Capsazepine (4 nmol) + NaHS (4 nmol), pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC, 4 nmol) + NaHS (4 nmol), and L703606 (4 nmol) + NaHS (4 nmol). RESULTS: We identified a significant increase in the co-expression of c-Fos and CBS positive neurons in the NTS after 1 h and 3 h of restraint water-immersion stress compared to the expressions observed in the control group. Intra-NTS injection of NaHS at different doses significantly inhibited gastric motility in rats (P < 0.01). However, injection of saline, first injection NF-κB inhibitor PDTC or transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) antagonist Capsazepine or NK1 receptor blockers L703606 and then injection NaHS did not produce significant changes (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: NTS contains neurons co-expressing CBS and c-Fos, and the injection of NaHS into the NTS can suppress gastric motility in rats. This effect may be mediated by activating TRPV1 and NK1 receptors via the NF-κB channel.

YF343, A Novel Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor, Combined with CQ to Inhibit- Autophagy, Contributes to Increased Apoptosis in Triple- Negative Breast Cancer.

BACKGROUND: Compounds that target tumor epigenetic events are likely to constitute a prominent strategy for anticancer treatment. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) have been developed as prospective candidates in anticancer drug development, and currently, many of them are under clinical investigation. We assessed the anticancer efficacy of a now hydroxamate-based HDACi, YF-343, in triple-negative breast cancer development and studied its potential mechanisms. METHODS: YF-343 was estimated as a novel HDACi by the HDACi drug screening kit. The biological effects of YF-343 in a panel of breast cancer cell lines were analyzed by Western blot and flow cytometry. YF-343 exhibited notable cytotoxicity, promoted apoptosis, and induced cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, it also induced autophagy, which plays a pro-survival role in breast cancer cells. RESULTS: The combination of YF-343 with an autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ) significantly suppressed breast tumor progression as compared to the YF-343 treatment alone both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, the molecular mechanism of YF-343 on autophagy was elucidated by gene chip expression profiles, qPCR analysis, luciferase reporter gene assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, immunohistochemical analysis, and other methods. E2F7, a transcription factor, promoted the expression of ATG2A via binding to the ATG2A promoter region and then induced autophagy in triple-negative breast cancer cells treated with YF-343. CONCLUSION: Our studies have illustrated the mechanisms for potential action of YF-343 on tumor growth in breast cancer models with pro-survival autophagy. The combination therapy of YF-343 and CQ maybe a promising strategy for breast cancer therapy.

Growth differentiation factor 15 predicts cardiovascular events in stable coronary artery disease.

BACKGROUND: Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) has been explored as a potential biomarker for various inflammatory diseases and cardiovascular events. This study aimed to assess the predictive role of GDF-15 levels in cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality, considering traditional risk factors and other biomarkers. METHODS: A prospective study was conducted and 3699 patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) were enrolled into the research. Baseline GDF-15 levels were measured. Median follow-up was 3.1 years during the study. We analyzed clinical variables and several biomarkers. Multivariable Cox regression analysis was performed to evaluate prognostic performance of GDF-15 levels in predicting myocardial infarction (MI), heart failure, stroke, cardiovascular death, and non-cardiovascular death. RESULTS: Baseline GDF-15 levels for 3699 patients were grouped by quartile (≤ 1153, 1153-1888, 1888-3043, > 3043 ng/L). Higher GDF-15 levels were associated with older age, male gender, history of hypertension, and elevated levels of N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-pro BNP), soluble suppression of tumorigenesis-2 (sST2), and creatine (each with P < 0.001). Adjusting for established risk factors and biomarkers in Cox proportional hazards models, a 1 standard deviation (SD) increase in GDF-15 was associated with elevated risk of clinical events [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.18, 95% confidence interval (CI): (1.52-3.11)], including: MI [HR = 2.83 95% CI: (1.03-7.74)], heart failure [HR = 2.71 95% CI: (1.18-6.23)], cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular death [HR = 2.48, 95% CI (1.49-4.11)] during the median follow up of 3.1 years. CONCLUSIONS: Higher levels of GDF-15 consistently provides prognostic information for cardiovascular events and all cause death, independent of clinical risk factors and other biomarkers. GDF-15 could be considered as a valuable addition to future risk prediction model in secondary prevention for predicting clinical events in patient with stable CAD.

[Establishment of human cardiac C protein induced experimental autoimmune myocarditis model in rat].

OBJECTIVE: To construct the recombinant plasmid of human cardiac C protein (CCP) peptide with immunogenicity and to express, purification and renature fusion protein. The fusion protein was injected to Lewis rats to establish experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) model. METHODS: Total RNA was extracted from human heart and used as the template for reverse transcriptase-directed cDNA synthesis. The cDNA was then amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using oligonucleotide primers specific for CCP peptide with immunogenicity. Subsequently, the purified CCP peptide gene was cloned into PEASY-T1 vector and the ligated product was identified by PCR and DNA sequence analysis. Then the CCP target gene of positive clone was inserted into the pQE30, a prokaryotic expression vector, and the inserting plasmid was transformed into Escherichia coli. host M15. The positive clone extracted from the bacterium liquid was sieved by insertional inactivation sieve method and identified by PCR of bacterium liquid, CCP immunological peptide was purified and renatured in semipermeable membrane. EAM model in Lewis rats was induced by injection of mixture of 100 µg CCP fusion protein immunological peptide and 2.5 g/L completed Freund adjuvant from two double foot pad and subsequent abdominal injection of 0.5 µg pertussis toxin. Two, four, six, and eight weeks after immunization, hemodynamic evaluation was made and hearts underwent histological examination. RESULTS: The DNA sequence analysis for cloning vector extraction revealed that the CCP target gene was cloned into pQE30 exactly. The DNA of 1000 bp length was obtained by PCR examination of bacterium liquid with transformation of express recombinants which were consistent with the expected size. Purified fusion protein in vertical slab gel electrophoresis showed 35 000 as expected. The recombinant CCP fusion protein existed in inclusion bodies of E. coli and amounted to 80% - 90% of the total protein. Hemodynamic and histological evaluations showed typical acute inflammatory responses at 2 weeks, subacute inflammatory and fibrosis changes at 4 weeks after injection, and signs of chronic dilated cardiomyopathy at 6 weeks post injection. CONCLUSION: Combination of gene clone technique and histidine tag protein purification technique can be used to synthesize human cardiac C protein to induce EAM model in Lewis rat.

The complete chloroplast genome of ornamental and medicinal Callerya dielsiana (Fabaceae).

Callerya dielsiana is a Chinese endemic tropical/subtropical liana. We sequenced the complete chloroplast genome with the Illumina Hiseq X-Ten platform. The genome is obtained with 132,301 bp in length, lacking an inverted repeat (IR) region, contains 4 rRNAs, 30 tRNAs genes, and 76 protein-coding genes. The overall GC content is 33.9%. Based on the whole chloroplast genomes of 14 legume species, a phylogenetic tree is constructed and indicated that C. dielsiana belongs to the well-supported tribe Wisterieae. The tribe is sister to Glycyrrhiza and nested within the IRLC (Inverted Repeat-Lacking Clade) group of the subfamily Papilionoideae (Fabaceae).