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1.
Molecules ; 28(5)2023 Feb 25.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36903402

RESUMO

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are essential components of innate immunity across all species. AMPs have become the focus of attention in recent years, as scientists are addressing antibiotic resistance, a public health crisis that has reached epidemic proportions. This family of peptides represents a promising alternative to current antibiotics due to their broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and tendency to avoid resistance development. A subfamily of AMPs interacts with metal ions to potentiate antimicrobial effectiveness, and, as such, they have been termed metalloAMPs. In this work, we review the scientific literature on metalloAMPs that enhance their antimicrobial efficacy when combined with the essential metal ion zinc(II). Beyond the role played by Zn(II) as a cofactor in different systems, it is well-known that this metal ion plays an important role in innate immunity. Here, we classify the different types of synergistic interactions between AMPs and Zn(II) into three distinct classes. By better understanding how each class of metalloAMPs uses Zn(II) to potentiate its activity, researchers can begin to exploit these interactions in the development of new antimicrobial agents and accelerate their use as therapeutics.


Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos , Peptídeos Catiônicos Antimicrobianos , Peptídeos Antimicrobianos , Zinco , Antibacterianos
3.
BMC Infect Dis ; 18(1): 268, 2018 06 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29884115

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Understanding the population genetics of pneumococci will allow detection of changes in the prevalence of circulating genotypes and evidence for capsular switching. We aimed to analyze the genetic structure of invasive pneumococcal isolates obtained from children before and after the use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) in Korea. METHODS: A total of 285 invasive pneumococcal isolates were analyzed using serotyping, multilocus sequence typing, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. We classified the isolation year to pre-PCV7 (1995-2003; n = 70), post-PCV7 (2004-2010; n = 142), and post-PCV13 (2011-2013; n = 73) periods. RESULTS: Of the 10 clonal complexes (CCs), antibiotic-resistant international clones, CC320 (31.6%), CC81 (14.7%), and CC166 (6.7%) were the main complexes. Serotype 19A was the main serotype of CC320 throughout the periods. Serotypes of CC81 mainly comprised of 23F (53.3%) in pre-PCV7 period and replaced by non-vaccine types (NVTs; 6C [10%], 13 [30%], 15A [40%], and 15B/C [20%]) in post-PCV13 period. The main serotype responsible for CC166 also changed from 9 V (80%) in pre-PCV7 to NVT 11A (50%) in post-PCV13 periods. Non-susceptibility to penicillin (42.3%) was the highest in CC320, increasing from 0 to 76%. CONCLUSION: The genetic structures of invasive pneumococcal isolates in Korean children have changed concomitantly with serotype after the implementation of PCVs.


Assuntos
Infecções Pneumocócicas/diagnóstico , Streptococcus pneumoniae/genética , Adolescente , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , DNA Bacteriano/genética , DNA Bacteriano/isolamento & purificação , DNA Bacteriano/metabolismo , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana/efeitos dos fármacos , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana/genética , Feminino , Variação Genética , Genótipo , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Tipagem de Sequências Multilocus , Infecções Pneumocócicas/microbiologia , Prevalência , República da Coreia , Sorogrupo , Streptococcus pneumoniae/efeitos dos fármacos , Streptococcus pneumoniae/isolamento & purificação
4.
J Korean Med Sci ; 33(13): e100, 2018 Mar 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29573247

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The frequency with which the 2 B lineages have been found to cocirculate in a season has been on the rise, which has spurred the need for a quadrivalent influenza vaccine (QIV) to protect against both B lineages. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommended that QIV include both B lineages beginning in the 2013-2014 flu season. This study was conducted to evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of an egg-cultivated QIV in healthy Korean children and adolescents aged ≥ 6 months to < 19 years. METHODS: A total of 528 subjects were randomized 4:1 to receive either a QIV (GC3110A) or a trivalent influenza vaccine. Hemagglutination inhibition antibody responses were assessed 28 days after the last dose. Safety was also evaluated. RESULTS: The proportion of subjects in the GC3110A group who achieved seroconversion was confirmed to exceed 40% across all age groups. The proportion of subjects aged ≥ 6 months to < 3 years in the GC3110A group who achieved seroprotection failed to meet the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS) standard of 70%. Potential causes may include the small number of subjects, as well as the small dosage. However, results pertaining to the other age groups satisfied the MFDS standard. The safety profile was also comparable to that of the control. CONCLUSION: The new quadrivalent split influenza vaccine may offer broader protection to children and adolescents aged ≥ 3 years to < 19 years of age against both influenza B lineages than the existing trivalent influenza vaccines (Registered at the ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02541253).


Assuntos
Vacinas contra Influenza/imunologia , Influenza Humana/prevenção & controle , Vacinas de Produtos Inativados/imunologia , Adolescente , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Formação de Anticorpos , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Método Duplo-Cego , Fadiga/etiologia , Feminino , Testes de Inibição da Hemaglutinação , Humanos , Lactente , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1/imunologia , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H3N2/imunologia , Vírus da Influenza B/imunologia , Vacinas contra Influenza/efeitos adversos , Influenza Humana/imunologia , Masculino , Dor/etiologia , Vacinas de Produtos Inativados/efeitos adversos
5.
J Korean Med Sci ; 33(6): e45, 2018 Feb 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29349940

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Invasive bacterial infections in apparently immunocompetent children were retrospectively analyzed to figure causative bacterial organisms in Korea. METHODS: A total of 947 cases from 25 university hospitals were identified from 2006 to 2010 as a continuance of a previous 10-year period study from 1996 to 2005. RESULTS: Escherichia coli (41.3%), Streptococcus agalactiae (27.7%), and Staphylococcus aureus (27.1%) were the most common pathogens in infants < 3 months of age. S. agalactiae was the most prevalent cause of meningitis and pneumonia and E. coli was the major cause of bacteremia without localizing signs in this group. In children 3 to 59 months of age, Streptococcus pneumoniae (54.2%), S. aureus (20.5%), and Salmonella spp. (14.4%) were the most common pathogens. S. pneumoniae was the leading cause of pneumonia (86.0%), meningitis (65.0%), and bacteremia without localizing signs (49.0%) in this group. In children ≥ 5 years of age, S. aureus (62.8%) was the predominant pathogen, followed by Salmonella species (12.4%) and S. pneumoniae (11.5%). Salmonella species (43.0%) was the most common cause of bacteremia without localizing signs in this group. The relative proportion of S. aureus increased significantly over the 15-year period (1996-2010) in children ≥ 3 months of age (P < 0.001), while that of Haemophilus influenzae decreased significantly in both < 3 months of age group (P = 0.036) and ≥ 3 months of age groups (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: S. agalactiae, E. coli, S. pneumoniae, and S. aureus are common etiologic agents of invasive bacterial infections in Korean children.


Assuntos
Infecções Bacterianas/diagnóstico , Escherichia coli/isolamento & purificação , Staphylococcus aureus/isolamento & purificação , Streptococcus agalactiae/isolamento & purificação , Streptococcus pneumoniae/isolamento & purificação , Infecções Bacterianas/microbiologia , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Hospitais Universitários , Humanos , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido , Lactente , Masculino , República da Coreia , Estudos Retrospectivos
6.
J Korean Med Sci ; 31(9): 1383-91, 2016 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27510380

RESUMO

Recommended infant vaccination in Korea includes DTaP-IPV and Hib vaccines administered as separate injections. In this randomized, open, controlled study we assessed the non-inferiority of immunogenicity of DTaP-IPV//Hib pentavalent combination vaccine (Pentaxim™) compared with licensed DTaP-IPV and Hib (PRP~T) vaccines. We enrolled 418 healthy Korean infants to receive either separate DTaP-IPV and Hib vaccines (n = 206) or the pentavalent DTaP-IPV//Hib (n = 208) vaccine at 2, 4, 6 months of age. Antibodies to all components were measured before the first vaccination and one month after the third, and safety was assessed after each vaccination including recording of reactions by parents. We confirmed the non-inferiority of DTaP-IPV//Hib compared with DTaP-IPV and Hib vaccines; 100% of both groups achieved seroprotection against D, T, IPV and PRP~T, and 97.5%-99.0% demonstrated seroresponses to pertussis antigens. Antibody levels were similar in both groups, except for those to the Hib component, PRP~T. In separate and combined groups geometric mean concentrations of anti-PRP~T antibodies were 23.9 and 11.0 µg/mL, respectively, but 98.3% and 97.4% had titers ≥ 1 µg/mL, indicative of long-term protection. All vaccines were well tolerated, with no vaccine-related serious adverse event. Both groups had similar safety profiles, but the combined vaccine group had fewer injection site reactions. The immunological non-inferiority and similar safety profile of DTaP-IPV//Hib vaccine to separate DTaP-IPV and Hib vaccines, with the advantage of fewer injections and injection site reactions, supports the licensure and incorporation of DTaP-IPV//Hib into the Korean national vaccination schedule (Clinical trial registry, NCT01214889).


Assuntos
Vacina contra Difteria, Tétano e Coqueluche/imunologia , Vacinas Anti-Haemophilus/imunologia , Vacina Antipólio de Vírus Inativado/imunologia , Toxoide Tetânico/imunologia , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Povo Asiático , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Haemophilus influenzae tipo b/imunologia , Humanos , Esquemas de Imunização , Lactente , Masculino , República da Coreia , Vacinas Combinadas/imunologia , Vacinas Conjugadas/imunologia
7.
J Korean Med Sci ; 31(7): 1082-8, 2016 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27366006

RESUMO

This study was performed to measure early changes in the serotype distribution of pneumococci isolated from children with invasive disease during the 3-year period following the introduction of 10- and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) in Korea. From January 2011 to December 2013 at 25 hospitals located throughout Korea, pneumococci were isolated among children who had invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). Serotypes were determined using the Quellung reaction, and the change in serotype distribution was analyzed. Seventy-five cases of IPD were included. Eighty percent of patients were aged 3-59 months, and 32% had a comorbidity that increased the risk of pneumococcal infection. The most common serotypes were 19A (32.0%), 10A (8.0%), and 15C (6.7%). The PCV7 serotypes (4, 6B, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F, 23F, and 6A) accounted for 14.7% of the total isolates and the PCV13 minus PCV7 types (1, 3, 5, 7F and 19A) accounted for 32.0% of the total isolates. Serotype 19A was the only serotype in the PCV13 minus PCV7 group. The proportion of serotype 19A showed decreasing tendency from 37.5% in 2011 to 22.2% in 2013 (P = 0.309), while the proportion of non-PCV13 types showed increasing tendency from 45.8% in 2011 to 72.2% in 2013 (P = 0.108). Shortly after the introduction of extended-valent PCVs in Korea, serotype 19A continued to be the most common serotype causing IPD in children. Subsequently, the proportion of 19A decreased, and non-vaccine serotypes emerged as an important cause of IPD. The impact of extended-valent vaccines must be continuously monitored.


Assuntos
Infecções Pneumocócicas/prevenção & controle , Vacinas Pneumocócicas/imunologia , Streptococcus pneumoniae/classificação , Vacinas Conjugadas/imunologia , Adolescente , Bacteriemia/complicações , Bacteriemia/diagnóstico , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Hospitais , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Infecções Pneumocócicas/microbiologia , República da Coreia , Sorotipagem , Streptococcus pneumoniae/isolamento & purificação
8.
BMC Infect Dis ; 15: 7, 2015 Jan 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25567119

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Although mouse brain-derived, inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccines (JE-MBs) have been successfully used for a long time, potential rare neurological complications have prompted the development of a Vero cell culture-derived inactivated vaccine (JE-VC). In a phase III clinical study, we aimed to compare the safety and immunogenicity of a JE-VC, KD-287 with a JE-MB, JEV-GCC, in children. METHODS: In this multicenter, double-blinded, randomized controlled trial, the study population consisted of 205 healthy Korean children aged 12-23 months. Each subject was subcutaneously vaccinated with either KD-287 or JEV-GCC twice at an interval of 2 weeks and then vaccinated once 12 months after the second vaccination. Neutralizing antibodies were measured by the plaque reduction neutralization test using the homologous and heterologous, as a post hoc analysis, challenge virus strains. RESULTS: The three-dose regimen of KD-287 showed a comparable safety profile with JEV-GCC except higher incidence of fever after the first dose (30.4% and 14.7%, respectively). Most of the fever was mild degree (61.3% and 66.7%, respectively). KD-287 fulfilled the non-inferiority criteria for seroconversion rate (SCR) and geometric mean titer (GMT) of the neutralizing antibody, which were the primary endpoints, at 4 weeks after the third vaccination (95% CI: -1.00, 3.10 for the SCR difference and 10.8, 17.6 for the GMT ratio). The SCRs of KD-287 were all 100% and the GMTs were higher in the KD-287 group than in the JEV-GCC group after the second vaccination and before and after the third vaccination (GMT ratio: 5.59, 20.13, and 13.79, respectively, p < 0.001 in all). GMTs were higher in the KD-287 group in the heterologous analysis also (GMT ratio: 4.05, 5.15, and 4.19, respectively, p < 0.001 in all). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that the KD-287, a JE-VC is as safe as and may be more effective than the licensed MB-derived vaccine. KD-287 could thus be useful as a second-generation vaccine and substitute for the current JE-MB vaccine in Korean children. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01150942.


Assuntos
Encéfalo/virologia , Vacinas contra Encefalite Japonesa/imunologia , Vacinas de Produtos Inativados/imunologia , Células Vero/virologia , Animais , Anticorpos Neutralizantes/imunologia , Anticorpos Antivirais/imunologia , Chlorocebus aethiops , Método Duplo-Cego , Encefalite Japonesa/imunologia , Encefalite Japonesa/virologia , Feminino , Humanos , Imunização Secundária , Lactente , Vacinas contra Encefalite Japonesa/administração & dosagem , Vacinas contra Encefalite Japonesa/efeitos adversos , Coreia (Geográfico) , Masculino , Camundongos , Testes de Neutralização , Vacinação , Vacinas de Produtos Inativados/administração & dosagem , Vacinas de Produtos Inativados/efeitos adversos
9.
J Korean Med Sci ; 28(6): 908-14, 2013 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23772157

RESUMO

This study aimed to identify the risk factors associated with acute hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection in the Korean population. Participants were recruited from five referral hospitals across the country in 2007 and from 11 hospitals in 2009. Patients with positive anti-HAV IgM antibody tests became the case group, while patients treated for non-contagious diseases at the same hospitals were recruited as controls. A total of 222 and 548 case-control pairs were studied in the 2007 and 2009 surveys, respectively. Data from the surveys were analyzed jointly. In a multivariate analysis, sharing the household with HAV-infected family members (OR, 6.32; 95% CI, 1.4-29.6), contact with other HAV-infected individuals (OR, 4.73; 95% CI, 2.4-9.4), overseas travel in 2007 (OR, 19.93; 95% CI, 2.3-174.4), consumption of raw shellfish (OR, 2.51; 95% CI, 1.8-3.5), drinking bottled water (OR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.3-8.4), and occupation that involve handling food (OR, 3.30; 95% CI, 1.3-8.4) increased the risk of HAV infection. Avoiding contact with HAV-infected individuals and avoiding raw foods eating could help minimize the risk of hepatitis A infection. Immunization must be beneficial to individuals who handle food ingredients occupationally or travel overseas to HAV-endemic areas.


Assuntos
Hepatite A/diagnóstico , Doença Aguda , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Manipulação de Alimentos , Hepatite A/etiologia , Hepatite A/prevenção & controle , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite A/sangue , Humanos , Imunoglobulina M/sangue , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Entrevistas como Assunto , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Razão de Chances , Encaminhamento e Consulta , Fatores de Risco , Alimentos Marinhos , Viagem , Vacinação , Adulto Jovem
10.
Clin Exp Pediatr ; 65(3): 108-114, 2022 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34592804

RESUMO

The Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus is the leading cause of vaccine-preventable encephalitis in Asia. Since the introduction of a universal JE vaccination program and urbanization of Korea, the incidence of JE has dramatically decreased in Korea. However, recent JE cases have occurred, predominantly among unvaccinated adults and with a shift in age distribution. Here we aimed to review the changes in age-specific JE seroprevalence over time and discuss the implications of JE vaccination programs in Korea. Following the last epidemic in 1982-1983, mandatory vaccination for all children aged 3-15 years was conducted annually until 1994. However, JE has reemerged, predominantly affecting unvaccinated adults aged 40 years or older and demonstrating a shift in age distribution toward older populations. The age-specific seroprevalence of the JE virus in Korea has changed noticeably over time. Seropositivity in children and adolescents increased from 10%-59% in the 1970s to 90%-92% in the 1980s after the implementation of the JE vaccination program and increased further to 98% in 2012. No age-specific difference in the seroprevalence of JE was found, and appropriate levels of immunity to JE were maintained for all age groups. Continuous surveillance of the seroprevalence of JE is essential to establish a proper immunization policy in Korea.

11.
Pediatr Int ; 53(2): 236-9, 2011 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20487368

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Group B streptococcus (GBS) is the most common cause of invasive neonatal infections in developed countries. The incidence of early-onset GBS disease in Korea is known to be much lower than that in other developed countries; however neonatal GBS disease has been frequently reported in recent years in Korea. This retrospective study sought to determine the current status and clinical presentation of neonatal GBS disease in Korea. METHODS: From January 1996 through December 2005, GBS cases (n= 157) diagnosed in blood, cerebrospinal fluid, or other sterile body fluids among infants <3 months of age from 14 university hospitals in Korea were identified. Age of onset, diagnosis, underlying medical conditions, and outcomes were investigated by reviewing the medical records. RESULTS: A total of 157 cases were identified during the study period. Of the cases, 32 were early-onset disease (EOD) and 125 were late-onset disease (LOD). Twenty-six of the EOD cases had symptoms during the first 24 h after birth. One hundred of the 157 GBS cases were diagnosed as meningitis. The mortality rate of EOD was 20.7%. The case fatality rate of LOD was 7.2% and 25.2% of LOD cases had sequelae. CONCLUSIONS: GBS is becoming an important cause of invasive neonatal infections in Korea, with LOD being more common. It may not be currently necessary to adopt the prevention guidelines of perinatal GBS disease in Korea. However, studies of maternal GBS carriage rates and neonatal GBS disease will continue.


Assuntos
Infecções Estreptocócicas/diagnóstico , Streptococcus agalactiae , Idade de Início , Artrite Infecciosa/diagnóstico , Artrite Infecciosa/microbiologia , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Meningites Bacterianas/diagnóstico , Meningites Bacterianas/microbiologia , República da Coreia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Infecções Estreptocócicas/epidemiologia
12.
J Korean Med Sci ; 26(11): 1421-7, 2011 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22065897

RESUMO

We report results of a randomized, double-blinded, active-controlled, phase III study conducted to evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of a new trivalent inactivated split-virus influenza vaccine (GC501) manufactured by the Green Cross Corporation in Korea. A total of 283 healthy children aged 6 months to < 18 yr were randomized to receive either GC501 or control. Of the GC501 recipients, seroconversion occurred in 48.5% for A/H1N1, 67.7% for A/H3N2 and 52% for influenza B. The proportion of subjects who had post-vaccination hemagglutination-inhibition titers of 1:40 or greater was 90.7% for A/H1N1, 86.8% for A/H3N2 and 82.4% for influenza B in the GC501 recipients. No serious adverse events related to vaccination, or withdrawals because of adverse events were reported. The majority of solicited adverse events were mild in intensity. GC501 vaccine has good tolerability and favorable immunogenicity in children aged 6 months to < 18 yr. The addition of one more brand of influenza vaccine may allow for better global accessibility of vaccine for epidemics or future pandemics.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1/imunologia , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H3N2/imunologia , Vírus da Influenza B/imunologia , Vacinas contra Influenza/efeitos adversos , Vacinas contra Influenza/imunologia , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , República da Coreia , Vacinação , Vacinas de Produtos Inativados/efeitos adversos , Vacinas de Produtos Inativados/imunologia
13.
J Korean Med Sci ; 26(2): 174-83, 2011 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21286006

RESUMO

The purpose of this study was to identify the major etiological agents responsible for invasive bacterial infections in immunocompetent Korean children. We retrospectively surveyed invasive bacterial infections in immunocompetent children caused by eight major pediatric bacteria, namely Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella species that were diagnosed at 18 university hospitals from 1996 to 2005. A total of 768 cases were identified. S. agalactiae (48.1%) and S. aureus (37.2%) were the most common pathogens in infants younger than 3 months. S. agalactiae was a common cause of meningitis (73.0%), bacteremia without localization (34.0%), and arthritis (50%) in this age group. S. pneumoniae (45.3%) and H. influenzae (20.4%) were common in children aged 3 months to 5 yr. S. pneumoniae was a common cause of meningitis (41.6%), bacteremia without localization (40.0%), and bacteremic pneumonia (74.1%) in this age group. S. aureus (50.6%), Salmonella species (16.9%), and S. pneumoniae (16.3%) were common in older children. A significant decline in H. influenzae infections over the last 10 yr was noted. S. agalactiae, S. pneumoniae, and S. aureus are important pathogens responsible for invasive bacterial infections in Korean children.


Assuntos
Bactérias/patogenicidade , Infecções Bacterianas/etiologia , Infecções Bacterianas/microbiologia , Adolescente , Infecções Bacterianas/mortalidade , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Lactente , República da Coreia , Estudos Retrospectivos
14.
Vaccine ; 39(14): 1929-1932, 2021 04 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33712352

RESUMO

The immunization schedule for the inactivated Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccine in Korea is a two-dose primary series at 12-24 months of age and three booster doses at 12 months after primary schedule and at 6 and 12 years of age. The aim of this study was to investigate immunogenicity and safety of the third booster dose of the inactivated JE vaccine, as well as the long-term immunogenicity of the second booster dose in Korean children. Healthy children aged 11-13 years, primed and given four doses of inactivated JE vaccines were included. All subjects received the third booster dose of the JE vaccine. Neutralizing antibody (NTAb) titers were assessed before and 4-6 weeks after vaccination using plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT), and were considered to be protective at ≥ 1:10. Local and systemic adverse events were monitored for 4 weeks after vaccination. Before and after booster vaccination, all seroprotection rates were 100%. Geometric mean titer (GMT) showed a 6.05-fold increase, from 139.11 (95% CI: 110.76, 174.71) to 841.53 (95% CI, 714.25, 991.50). The local tolerability and systemic safety profiles were favorable, with no serious adverse events. In conclusion, the third booster dose of the inactivated JE vaccine was demonstrated to be safe and immunogenic in Korean children when administered according to the current immunization schedule.


Assuntos
Encefalite Japonesa , Vacinas contra Encefalite Japonesa , Adolescente , Anticorpos Neutralizantes , Anticorpos Antivirais , Criança , Encefalite Japonesa/prevenção & controle , Humanos , Imunização Secundária , Vacinas contra Encefalite Japonesa/efeitos adversos , Estudos Prospectivos , República da Coreia
15.
Vaccine ; 39(40): 5787-5793, 2021 09 24.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34465475

RESUMO

Replacement with nonvaccine serotypes (NVTs) among invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPDs) after the introduction of extended-valency pneumococcal conjugate vaccines varies in predominant serotypes across countries. This study analyzed changes in serotype distribution through serotyping, multilocus sequence typing, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of 168 pediatric IPD isolates obtained from a multihospital-based surveillance system during 2014-2019 in South Korea. Vaccine serotypes (VTs) accounted for 16.1% (19A, 10.1%; 6A, 1.8%; and 19F 1.8%), 82.1% were NVTs (10A, 23.8%; 15A, 8.3%; 12F, 6.5%; 15C, 6.5%; and 15B, 6.0%), and three (1.8%) were nontypeable. Serotype 10A was the most common serotype, with a significant increase from 11.5% in 2014 to 33.3% in 2019 (p < 0.05 for the trend). Other NVTs decreased from 70.4% to 41.7% between 2015 and 2019, most notably in serotype 12F (from 14.8% to 0%). Almost all (95.0%) serotype 10A isolates were ST11189, which were multidrug resistant.


Assuntos
Infecções Pneumocócicas , Vacinas Pneumocócicas , Criança , Humanos , Infecções Pneumocócicas/epidemiologia , República da Coreia/epidemiologia , Sorogrupo , Streptococcus pneumoniae/genética
16.
J Korean Med Sci ; 25(1): 24-7, 2010 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20052343

RESUMO

The surgical closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is provided more frequently in extremely low birth weight babies who are usually deemed unsuitable for pharmacological closure. We have adopted subaxillary mini-thoracotomy in order to lessen surgical trauma in these babies; and its clinical results were analyzed. From April 2004 to August 2008, out of 50 babies at the neonatal intensive care unit who underwent the surgical closure of PDA, 22 premature babies weighing less than 1 kg at operation were included in the study. Eleven babies were males and mean gestational age was 27 weeks ranging from 23(+3) to 30(+2) weeks. Mean body weight at operation was 816 g ranging from 490 to 989 g and average age at operation was 17.9+/-11.9 days. Of them, 17 babies (72%) were ventilator dependent preoperatively, as compared with 13 out of 28 (46%) babies that weighed more than 1 kg (P<0.05). Four babies did not survive to discharge. Among 28 babies who were heavier than 1 kg, there were only one death. However, the mortality difference was not statistically significant (P=0.11). All mortalities were caused by inherent problems of prematurity and co-morbidities. Out of 17 babies who had been ventilator dependent preoperatively, 13 weaned off successfully at 17.0+/-23.9 days after the operation. The baby patients heavier than 1 kg weaned at 6.0+/-5.3 days (P=0.27). Surgical outcome of simple and less invasive subaxillary mini-thoracotomy was satisfactory; the surgery is highly recommended for ductal closure in extremely low weight premature babies.


Assuntos
Permeabilidade do Canal Arterial/cirurgia , Toracotomia , Permeabilidade do Canal Arterial/mortalidade , Feminino , Idade Gestacional , Humanos , Recém-Nascido de Peso Extremamente Baixo ao Nascer , Recém-Nascido , Recém-Nascido Prematuro , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal , Masculino , Resultado do Tratamento
17.
J Korean Med Sci ; 25(6): 895-9, 2010 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20514311

RESUMO

Bacterial meningitis remains a serious cause of morbidity and mortality in childhood, despite the availability of effective vaccines against Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) or Streptococcus pneumoniae. The purpose of this study was to analyze data on bacterial meningitis cases in Korea from 1996 through 2005. The information of all hospitalized bacteria-proven meningitis cases was obtained from 17 university hospitals nationwide. A total of 402 cases were identified. Of these, 125 (29.9%) cases were neonates. Streptococcus agalactiae was the most common bacteria responsible for 99 (24.6%) of all cases regardless of age, followed by S. pneumoniae for 91 (22.6%) and H. influenzae for 67 (16.7%) patients. The common etiology beyond the neonatal period was S. pneumoniae for 91 (33.0%) followed by H. influenzae for 63 (22.8%) patients. The overall case fatality rate was 9.4%, which was similar with that in 1986-1995. In conclusion, S. agalactiae, S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae were important etiologic agents of bacterial meningitis in children in the last 10 yrs. It is required to establish the preventive strategy of the three bacteria. The nationwide epidemiologic study should be continued to evaluate immunization strategy and efficacy.


Assuntos
Meningites Bacterianas/microbiologia , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Haemophilus influenzae tipo b/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Meningites Bacterianas/diagnóstico , Meningites Bacterianas/epidemiologia , Meningite por Haemophilus/diagnóstico , Meningite por Haemophilus/epidemiologia , Meningite por Haemophilus/mortalidade , Infecções Pneumocócicas/diagnóstico , Infecções Pneumocócicas/epidemiologia , Infecções Pneumocócicas/mortalidade , República da Coreia/epidemiologia , Infecções Estreptocócicas/diagnóstico , Infecções Estreptocócicas/epidemiologia , Infecções Estreptocócicas/mortalidade , Streptococcus agalactiae/isolamento & purificação , Streptococcus pneumoniae/isolamento & purificação
18.
Int J Infect Dis ; 100: 53-58, 2020 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32829050

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The incidence of Japanese encephalitis (JE) has markedly decreased after the national immunization program in Korea, but still reported intermittently in adults. Prospective studies are required to determine whether JE virus (JEV)-neutralizing antibody (NAb) levels decline with age after the final JE vaccination. In this study, we evaluated the titers of NAbs against JEV in Korean adolescents and adults. METHODS: Specimens were collected from normal, healthy individuals aged 1 to >70 years (a total of 1,605 cases) from five regional hospitals in Korea. Neutralizing antibody (NAb) titers were determined using a pseudotyped JEV NAb assay. RESULTS: The JEV NAb-positive population was >95% in the 15-29 year age group, 89.42% in the 30-44 year age group, 75.24% in the 55-59 years age group, and 59.77% in the ≥70 year age group. NAb titers from the 20 to 70 year age groups showed a progressive decrease in proportion to age (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The retention of NAbs after the final JE vaccination in childhood is a key indicator of the vaccination program and will have a significant impact on future JE prevention strategies.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Neutralizantes/sangue , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Vírus da Encefalite Japonesa (Espécie)/imunologia , Vacinas contra Encefalite Japonesa/imunologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Anticorpos Antivirais/imunologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Encefalite Japonesa/epidemiologia , Encefalite Japonesa/imunologia , Encefalite Japonesa/prevenção & controle , Feminino , Humanos , Programas de Imunização , Memória Imunológica , Lactente , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , República da Coreia , Fatores de Tempo , Adulto Jovem
19.
Vaccines (Basel) ; 8(2)2020 Apr 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32357552

RESUMO

The enhanced inactivated poliovirus vaccine was first introduced in 2002, and several inactivated poliovirus vaccines are licensed in Korea. Reliable data by a prospective study on the immunogenicity and safety of the inactivated poliovirus vaccines in Korean infants are required. Normal healthy infants aged 6-12 weeks received three doses of the vaccine (IPVAX™, Imovax Polio™ or Poliorix™) in intervals of 2 months. Neutralizing antibody (NTAb) titers were measured before and 4-6 weeks after three-dose primary vaccination. Immunogenicity was evaluated by seroconversion rates and geometric mean titers obtained by analyzing NTAb titers. Local and systemic adverse events were recorded during 7 days after each vaccination. A total of 150 infants were included: 40 in IPVAX™, 52 in Imovax Polio™, and 58 in Poliorix™. The seroconversion rates for the group vaccinated with IPVAX™ were 100% in types 1, 2 and 3, while those of Imovax Polio™ were 98.1%, 96.2%, 96.2% and those of Poliorix™ were 98.3%, 100%, 100%, respectively. In all groups, injection site redness and irritability were the most common local and systemic adverse events. Neither serious adverse events nor adverse events above grade 2 were reported throughout the study. The currently used inactivated poliovirus vaccines was demonstrated to be safe and immunogenic in healthy Korean infants.

20.
Vaccines (Basel) ; 8(2)2020 Jun 19.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32575597

RESUMO

The immunization schedule for the Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccine in Korea is a two-dose primary series at 12-24 months of age, followed by booster doses 12 months after the second dose and at the ages of 6 and 12 years. Although the number of JE cases has markedly decreased after the universal vaccination program, JE predominantly occurs in adults. The aim of this study was to assess the age-specific prevalence of the JE-neutralizing antibody (NTAb) among adolescents and adults in Korea. A total of 1603 specimens were collected from a healthy Korean population above 15 years old in five provinces. The JE-NTAb titers were measured with the pseudotyped virus assay and considered to be positive at ≥ 1:50. The seropositivity of JE-NTAb was the highest in the 15-29 years category (>95%) and gradually began to decrease in the age group of 30-44 years (89.42%). The lowest and second lowest JE-NTAb seropositive rates were observed among those aged 70 years or older (59.77%) and those aged 55-59 years (75.24%), respectively. Subjects from Seoul exhibited the highest JE-NTAb titer in all age groups compared to other provinces. In conclusion, the JE-NTAb seropositive rates and titers have maintained appropriate levels in the general Korean population. We propose that adult immunization and boosters at 12 years of age against JE are not strongly recommended in Korea.

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