Commonly used antiemetics for prophylaxis of postoperative nausea and vomiting after Caesarean delivery with neuraxial morphine: a network meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Dopamine antagonists, 5-HT3 antagonists, and dexamethasone are frequently used in obstetrics to prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). However, the superiority of any drug class is yet to be established. This network meta-analysis aimed to compare the efficacy of these antiemetics for PONV prophylaxis in women receiving neuraxial morphine for Caesarean delivery. METHODS: We searched PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, Web of Science, and Wanfang Data for eligible randomised controlled trials. Primary outcomes were the incidences of postoperative nausea (PON) and postoperative vomiting (POV) within 24 h after surgery. We used a Bayesian random-effects model and calculated odds ratios with 95% credible intervals for dichotomous data. We performed sensitivity and subgroup analyses for primary outcomes. RESULTS: A total of 33 studies with 4238 women were included. In the primary analyses of all women, 5-HT3 antagonists, dopamine antagonists, dexamethasone, and 5-HT3 antagonists plus dexamethasone significantly reduced PON and POV compared with placebo, and 5-HT3 antagonists plus dexamethasone were more effective than monotherapy. In the subgroup analyses, similar results were seen in women receiving epidural morphine or intrathecal morphine alone but not in women receiving intrathecal morphine with fentanyl or sufentanil. However, most included studies had some concerns or a high risk of bias, and the overall certainty of the evidence was low or very low. CONCLUSIONS: Combined 5-HT3 antagonists plus dexamethasone are more effective than monotherapy in preventing PONV associated with neuraxial morphine after Caesarean delivery. Future studies are needed to determine the role of prophylactic antiemetics in women receiving intrathecal morphine and lipophilic opioids. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW PROTOCOL: PROSPERO CRD42023454602.

Effects of different neuraxial analgesia modalities on the need for physician interventions in labour: A network meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Neuraxial labour analgesia can be initiated with epidural (EPL), combined spinal epidural (CSE) or dural puncture epidural (DPE) and maintained with continuous epidural infusion (CEI), patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) or programmed intermittent epidural bolus (PIEB), but the optimal analgesia modality is still controversial. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of commonly used neuraxial analgesia modalities on the proportion of women needing physician interventions, as defined by the need for physician-administered epidural top-ups for inadequate analgesia in labour. DESIGN: Bayesian network meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES: PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, Web of Science and Wanfang Data were searched from January 1988 to August 2023 without language restriction. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials comparing two or more modalities of the following six neuraxial analgesia modalities in healthy labouring women: EPL+CEI+PCEA, EPL+PIEB+PCEA, CSE+CEI+PCEA, CSE+PIEB+PCEA, DPE+CEI+PCEA and DPE+PIEB+PCEA. RESULTS: Thirty studies with 8188 women were included. Compared with EPL+CEI+PCEA, EPL+PIEB+PCEA [odds ratio (OR) = 0.44; 95% credible interval (CrI), 0.22 to 0.86], CSE+PIEB+PCEA (OR = 0.29; 95% CrI, 0.12 to 0.71) and DPE+PIEB+PCEA (OR = 0.19; 95% CrI, 0.08 to 0.42) significantly reduced the proportion of women needing physician interventions. DPE+PIEB+PCEA had fewer women needing physician interventions than all other modalities, except for CSE+PIEB+PCEA (OR = 0.63; 95% CrI, 0.25 to 1.62). There were no significant differences in local anaesthetic consumption, maximum pain score, and the incidence of instrumental delivery between the different neuraxial modalities. CONCLUSIONS: PIEB+PCEA is associated with a lower risk of physician interventions in labour than CEI+PCEA. DPE or CSE and PIEB+PCEA may be associated with a lower likelihood of physician interventions than other neuraxial modalities. Otherwise, the new neuraxial analgesia techniques do not appear to offer significant advantages over traditional techniques. However, these results should be interpreted with caution due to limited data and methodological limitations. TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO (CRD42023402540).

Role of keystone drives polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons degradation and humification especially combined with aged contaminated soil in co-composting.

Accumulation of persistent organic pollutants polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil has become a global problem. Composting is considered one of the more economical methods of soil remediation and is important for the resourceful use of wastes. Agroforestry waste is produced in huge amounts and is utilized at low rates, hence there is an urgent need to manage it. Here, leaf (LVS) or rice straw (SVS) was co-composting with aged contaminated soil to investigate bacteria interaction to PAHs degradation and humus formation. The degradation rate of high molecular weight PAHs (HMW-PAHs) in LVS and SVS reached 58.9% and 52.5%, and the low molecular weight PAHs (LMW-PAHs) were 77.5% and 65%. Meanwhile, the humus increased by 44.8% and 60.5% in LVS and SVS at the end of co-composting. The topological characteristics and community assembly of the bacterial community showed that LVS had higher complexity and more keystones than SVS, suggesting that LVS might more beneficial for the degradation of PAHs. The stability of the co-occurrence network and stochastic processes (dispersal limitation) dominated community assembly made SVS beneficial for humus formation. Mantel test and structural equation models indicated that the transformation of organic matter was important for PAHs degradation and humus formation. Degradation of HMW-PAHs led to bacterial succession, which affected the formation of precursors and ultimately increased the humus content. This study provided potential technology support for improving the quality of agroforestry organic waste composting and degrading PAHs in aged contaminated soil.

Unique Visualization Growth Process of Long-Lived Room Temperature Phosphorescence in Polymer System.

Recently, embedding organic phosphors into the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix has emerged as a convenient strategy to obtain efficient long-lived room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) via forming strong intermolecular hydrogen bonds with organic phosphors to minimize nonradiative relaxations. Regrettably, it is discovered that PVA is unable to trigger RTP emission when a novel functional phosphor THBE containing six extended biphenyl formaldehyde arms is doped into PVA matrix. Surprisingly, the excellent long-lived RTP emission can be easily obtained by doping THBE into PVA analogs, poly(vinyl alcohol-co-ethylene) (PVA-co-PE). The unique visualization growth process (i.e., white streak generation) of long-lived RTP is observed by UV light-driven aggregation of functional molecules THBE in PVA-co-PE matrix. The phosphorescent intensity of the luminescent film is enhanced by 55 times, from 729 to 40,785 a.u., and its phosphorescence lifetime is increased by 38 times, from 37.08 to 1415.41 ms. Due to the dynamically reversible RTP performance, as well as the permeability, flexibility, and wrinkle-free properties of the luminescent film, it can be utilized to create cutting-edge information storage devices.

Enabling Long-Lived Polymeric Room Temperature Phosphorescence Material in Abominable Solvent.

Long-lived polymeric room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials have drawn more attention due to their convenient preparation process and equally efficient phosphorescence performance in recent years. As the polymer matrix is sensitive to air and humidity, some non-covalent interactions in the matrix are easily decomposed in water or air, which means that it is difficult for this material to be stored stably for a long time in the atmospheric environment or under harsh conditions. In this work, polymer powder mBPipQ contains aromatic and piperidine rings that are designed and synthesized successfully. Then the polymer is uniformly dispersed into epoxy resin matrix to form long-lived polymeric RTP material with efficient afterglow properties. The stiff backbone structure of mBPip and dense molecular arrangement of epoxy resin provide a rigid environment to stabilize triplet excitons, the RTP performance is greatly enhanced. The lifetime of mBPipQ in epoxy resin is 2 times higher than that of small molecule chromophore in that one. Interestingly, after soaking in strong acid or alkali solution for 10 days, the material can still emit stable and efficient long-lived phosphorescence. It is thanks to the hard matrix after full curing, which can provide a protective layer to prevent external quenchers from interfering with phosphorescence emission. Utilizing the efficient phosphorescence emission and excellent abominable-solvent resistance of this RTP material, multilevel information encryption has been successfully demonstrated. This work broadens the application scope of polymeric RTP materials in harsh environments and provides a new idea for achieving efficient RTP emission.

Randomized Assessment of the Optimal Time Interval Between Programmed Intermittent Epidural Boluses When Combined With the Dural Puncture Epidural Technique for Labor Analgesia.

BACKGROUND: The dural puncture epidural (DPE) and programmed intermittent epidural bolus (PIEB) techniques are recent advances in neuraxial labor analgesia. Previous studies have investigated the PIEB optimal interval for effective analgesia when a standard epidural technique is used to initiate labor analgesia. However, it is unknown whether these findings are applicable when DPE is used. METHODS: Patients were randomized into 1 of 5 groups with PIEB intervals of 35, 40, 45, 50, or 55 minutes. Labor analgesia was initiated on request with a DPE technique by epidural injection over 2 minutes of 15 mL of ropivacaine 0.1% with sufentanil 0.5 µg/mL after a dural puncture with a 25-gauge Whitacre needle. Effective analgesia was defined as no additional requirement for a patient-controlled bolus during the first stage of labor. The PIEB interval that was effective in 50% of patients (EI50) and 90% of patients (EI90) was estimated using probit regression. RESULTS: One hundred laboring parturients received the DPE technique of whom 93 proceeded to have analgesia maintained with PIEB using 10 mL boluses of ropivacaine 0.1% and sufentanil 0.5 µg/mL. Totals of 89.5% (17/19), 84.2% (16/19), 82.4% (14/17), 52.6% (11/19), and 36.8% (7/19) of patients in groups 35, 40, 45, 50, and 55, respectively, received effective PIEB analgesia. The estimated values for EI50 and EI90 were 52.5 (95% CI, 48.4-62.6) minutes and 37.0 (95% CI, 28.4-40.9) minutes, respectively. CONCLUSION: The estimate of the PIEB optimal interval for effective analgesia after the DPE technique was comparable to that reported in previous studies when analgesia was initiated using a conventional epidural technique.

Exploration of bacterial community-induced polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons degradation and humus formation during co-composting of cow manure waste combined with contaminated soil.

To solve polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) pollution, composting was chosen as a remediation method. During composting, the dissipation of PAHs was carried out by resource utilization of organic solid waste and its degradation by bacteria. This study was conducted by co-composting with contaminated soil and cow manure. The results showed that the degradation rates of naphthalene (Nap), phenanthrene (Phe), and benzo[α]pyrene (BaP) could reach 82.2%, 79.4%, and 59.6% respectively during composting. Cluster analysis indicated that polyphenol oxidase (PPO), laccase, and protease were important drivers of PAHs transformation. The content of humic substances (HS) was 106.67 g/kg in PAH treatment, which was significantly higher than that in the control group at 65 days. The phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states (PICRUSt) and network analysis was used to infer the degradation mechanism of PAHs by microorganisms. The degradation of PAHs by PPO was found to have a significant contribution to the formation of HS. It was shown that PAHs and metabolic intermediates were more inclined to be oxidized and decomposed by PPO to form quinone, which in turn condensed with amino acids to form HS. Composting could promote the degradation of PAHs while improving the quality of compost, achieving a win-win situation.

Identify the potential driving mechanism of reconstructed bacterial community in reduce CO2 emissions and promote humus formation during cow manure composting.

The mineralization of organic components releases CO2 during composting, which not only leads to the loss of organic carbon, but has a direct negative impact on the environment. Malonic acid as a competitive inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase could affect the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and reduce CO2 emissions. However, the bacterial interaction and organic component transformation has less known how to malonic acid reduce CO2 and improve of humus synthesis in complex composting. The aim of this study was to investigated the malonic acid on organic carbon sequestration and transforming cow manure waste into products with high humus content. Humus content was elevated by 16.8% and cumulative CO2 emissions (30 d)d reduced by 13.6% after malonic acid addition compared to the CK. SparCC analysis of bacterial interaction presented that the network complexity and stability was more higher with malonic acid addition, while a greater concentration of keystones and their ecological metabolic functions was observed, suggesting they weaken the influence of TCA cycle inhibition by enhancing interactions. PICRUSt predictions indicate that malonic acid might enhance humus content by promoting the synthesis of polyphenols and polymerization with amino acids. This study investigated the potential mechanism of regulators to enhance quality and reduce emissions during humification process, providing a new strategy for the resource utilization of organic solid waste.

Plaque burden estimated from optical coherence tomography with deep learning: In vivo validation using co-registered intravascular ultrasound.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of the present study was to compare plaque burden (PB) calculated from optical coherence tomography (OCT) using deep learning (DL) with PB derived from co-registered intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). BACKGROUND: A DL algorithm was developed for automated plaque characterization and PB quantification from OCT images. However, the performance of this algorithm for PB quantification has not been validated. METHODS: Five-year follow-up OCT and IVUS images from 15 patients implanted with bioresorbable vascular scaffold (BVS) at baseline were analyzed. Precise co-registration for 72 anatomical slices was achieved utilizing unique BVS radiopaque markers. PB derived from OCT DL and IVUS were compared. OCT cross-sections were divided into four subgroups with different media visibility level. The impact of media visibility on the numerical difference between OCT-derived and IVUS-derived PB was investigated. The stent sizes selected by OCT DL and IVUS were compared. RESULTS: Sixty-four paired OCT and IVUS cross-sections were compared. OCT DL showed good concordance with IVUS for PB assessment (ICC = 0.81, difference = -3.53 ± 6.17%, p < 0.001). The numerical difference between OCT DL-derived PB and IVUS-derived PB was not substantially impacted by missing segments of media visualization (p = 0.21). OCT DL showed a diagnostic accuracy of 92% in identifying PB > 65%. The stent sizes selected by OCT DL were smaller compared to the ones selected by IVUS (difference = 0.30 ± 0.34 mm, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The DL algorithm provides a feasible and reliable method for automated PB estimation from OCT, irrespective of media visibility. OCT DL showed good diagnostic accuracy in identifying PB > 65%, revealing its potential to complement conventional OCT imaging.

Immediate post-procedural functional assessment of percutaneous coronary intervention: current evidence and future directions.

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) guided by coronary physiology provides symptomatic benefit and improves patient outcomes. Nevertheless, over one-fourth of patients still experience recurrent angina or major adverse cardiac events following the index procedure. Coronary angiography, the current workhorse for evaluating PCI efficacy, has limited ability to identify suboptimal PCI results. Accumulating evidence supports the usefulness of immediate post-procedural functional assessment. This review discusses the incidence and possible mechanisms behind a suboptimal physiology immediately after PCI. Furthermore, we summarize the current evidence base supporting the usefulness of immediate post-PCI functional assessment for evaluating PCI effectiveness, guiding PCI optimization, and predicting clinical outcomes. Multiple observational studies and post hoc analyses of datasets from randomized trials demonstrated that higher post-PCI functional results are associated with better clinical outcomes as well as a reduced rate of residual angina and repeat revascularization. As such, post-PCI functional assessment is anticipated to impact patient management, secondary prevention, and resource utilization. Pre-PCI physiological guidance has been shown to improve clinical outcomes and reduce health care costs. Whether similar benefits can be achieved using post-PCI physiological assessment requires evaluation in randomized clinical outcome trials.

Management of intrauterine adhesions using human amniotic mesenchymal stromal cells to promote endometrial regeneration and repair through Notch signalling.

Intrauterine adhesions (IUAs) severely hamper women's reproductive functions. Human amniotic mesenchymal stromal cell (hAMSC) transplantation is effective in treating IUAs. Here, we examined the function of Notch signalling in IUA treatment with hAMSC transplantation. Forty-five Sprague-Dawley female rats were randomly divided into the sham operation, IUA, IUA + E2, IUA + hAMSCs and IUA + hAMSCs + E2 groups. After IUA induction in the rats, hAMSCs promoted endometrial regeneration and repair via differentiation into endometrial epithelial cells. In all groups, the expression of key proteins in Notch signalling was detected in the uterus by immunohistochemistry. The results indicated Notch signalling activation in the hAMSCs and hAMSCs + E2 groups. We could also induce hAMSC differentiation to generate endometrial epithelial cells in vitro. Furthermore, the inhibition of Notch signalling using the AdR-dnNotch1 vector suppressed hAMSC differentiation (assessed by epithelial and mesenchymal marker levels), whereas its activation using the AdR-Jagged1 vector increased differentiation. The above findings indicate Notch signalling mediates the differentiation of hAMSCs into endometrial epithelial cells, thus promoting endometrial regeneration and repair; Notch signalling could have an important function in IUA treatment.

Effects of Sea Salt Aerosol Emissions for Marine Cloud Brightening on Atmospheric Chemistry: Implications for Radiative Forcing.

Marine cloud brightening (MCB) is proposed to offset global warming by emitting sea salt aerosols to the tropical marine boundary layer, which increases aerosol and cloud albedo. Sea salt aerosol is the main source of tropospheric reactive chlorine (Cl y ) and bromine (Br y ). The effects of additional sea salt on atmospheric chemistry have not been explored. We simulate sea salt aerosol injections for MCB under two scenarios (212-569 Tg/a) in the GEOS-Chem global chemical transport model, only considering their impacts as a halogen source. Globally, tropospheric Cl y and Br y increase (20-40%), leading to decreased ozone (-3 to -6%). Consequently, OH decreases (-3 to -5%), which increases the methane lifetime (3-6%). Our results suggest that the chemistry of the additional sea salt leads to minor total radiative forcing compared to that of the sea salt aerosol itself (~2%) but may have potential implications for surface ozone pollution in tropical coastal regions.

Progress in Procalcitonin Detection Based on Immunoassay.

Procalcitonin (PCT) serves as a crucial biomarker utilized in diverse clinical contexts, including sepsis diagnosis and emergency departments. Its applications extend to identifying pathogens, assessing infection severity, guiding drug administration, and implementing theranostic strategies. However, current clinical deployed methods cannot meet the needs for accurate or real-time quantitative monitoring of PCT. This review aims to introduce these emerging PCT immunoassay technologies, focusing on analyzing their advantages in improving detection performances, such as easy operation and high precision. The fundamental principles and characteristics of state-of-the-art methods are first introduced, including chemiluminescence, immunofluorescence, latex-enhanced turbidity, enzyme-linked immunosorbent, colloidal gold immunochromatography, and radioimmunoassay. Then, improved methods using new materials and new technologies are briefly described, for instance, the combination with responsive nanomaterials, Raman spectroscopy, and digital microfluidics. Finally, the detection performance parameters of these methods and the clinical importance of PCT detection are also discussed.

Procalcitonin Detection Using Immunomagnetic Beads-Mediated Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy.

The early detection of procalcitonin (PCT) is crucial for diagnosing bacterial infections due to its high sensitivity and specificity. While colloidal gold colorimetric and immune-chemiluminescence methods are commonly employed in clinical detection, the former lacks sensitivity, and the latter faces challenges with a brief luminescence process and an elevated background. Here, we introduce a novel approach for the quantitative analysis of PCT using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), leveraging the enhanced properties of metal nanoparticles. Simultaneously, we employed a magnetic nanoparticle coating and surface biofunctionalization modification to immobilize PCT-trapping antibodies, creating the required immune substrates. The resulting magnetic nanoparticles and antibody complexes, acting as carriers and recognition units, exhibited superparamagnetism and the specific recognition of biomarkers. Then, this complex efficiently underwent magnetic separation with an applied magnetic field, streamlining the cumbersome steps of traditional ELISA and significantly reducing the detection time. In conclusion, the exploration of immunomagnetic bead detection technology based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy holds crucial practical significance for the sensitive detection of PCT.

Dexmedetomidine improves mitophagy and pyroptosis through the ALKBH5/FUNDC1 axis during epidural-related maternal fever.

PURPOSE: Epidural analgesia has emerged as a commonly used method for relieving labor pain. However, epidural-related maternal fever (ERMF) is characterized by a high occurrence rate and can have detrimental consequences for the well-being of both the mother and the fetus. This study aimed to investigate the functional role and underlying mechanism of dexmedetomidine (DEX) in ERMF. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ropivacaine (ROP)-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with DEX and/or transfected with ALKBH5 or FUNDC1 overexpression plasmid. qPCR and Western blot were adopted for mitophagy and pyroptosis marker protein detection. Autophagosomes were observed through electron microscopy, Caspase-1/PI double-positive cells were determined using flow cytometry. Inflammation-related factors were quantified using ELISA. The N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification of FUNDC1 mRNA was examined using methylated RNA immunoprecipitation (MeRIP) and the binding between ALKBH5 and FUNDC1 mRNA was confirmed by RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP). RESULTS: In ROP-induced HUVECs, there was a significant upregulation in ALKBH5 and FUNDC1, resulting in a notable increase in inflammation, pyroptosis, and mitophagy. The administration of DEX demonstrated the ability to alleviate ROP-induced pyroptosis and promote protective mitophagy. Interestingly, DEX treatment significantly reduced the interaction between ALKBH5 and FUNDC1 mRNA, while simultaneously increasing the m6A level of FUNDC1 mRNA in ROP-treated cells. Moreover, the overexpression of FUNDC1 partially reversed the effects of ALKBH5 overexpression on mitophagy and pyroptosis in HUVECs. CONCLUSIONS: DEX can promote mitophagy and inhibit pyroptosis through the ALKBH5/FUNDC1 axis in ERMF, indicating its potential as a therapeutic strategy for clinical ERMF treatment.

Illusion of revascularization: does anyone achieve optimal revascularization during percutaneous coronary intervention?

This Perspective article is a form of 'pastiche', inspired by the 1993 review by Lincoff and Topol entitled 'Illusion of reperfusion', and explores how their concept continues to apply to percutaneous revascularization in patients with coronary artery disease and ischaemia. Just as Lincoff and Topol argued that reperfusion of acute myocardial infarction was facing unresolved obstacles that hampered clinical success in 1993, we propose that challenging issues are similarly jeopardizing the potential benefits of stent-based angioplasty today. By analysing the appropriateness and efficacy of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), we emphasize the limitations of relying solely on visual angiographic guidance, which frequently leads to inappropriate stenting and overtreatment in up to one-third of patients and the associated increased risk of periprocedural myocardial infarction. The lack of optimal revascularization observed in half of patients undergoing PCI confers risks such as suboptimal physiology after PCI, residual angina and long-term stent-related events, leaving an estimated 76% of patients with an 'illusion of revascularization'. These outcomes highlight the need to refine our diagnostic tools by integrating physiological assessments with targeted intracoronary imaging and emerging strategies, such as co-registration systems and angiography-based computational methods enhanced by artificial intelligence, to achieve optimal revascularization outcomes.

Validation and development of eDNA metabarcoding primers for comprehensive assessment of Chinese amphibians.

Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding has emerged as a powerful, non-invasive tool for biodiversity assessments. However, the accuracy and limitations of these assessment techniques are highly dependent on the choice of primer pairs being used. Although several primer sets have been used in eDNA metabarcoding studies of amphibians, there are few comparisons of their reliability and efficiency. Here, we employed lab- and field-tested sets of publicly available and de novo-designed primers in amplifying 83 species of amphibian from all three orders (Anura, Caudata, and Gymnophiona) and 13 families present in China to evaluate the versatility and specificity of these primers sets in amphibian eDNA metabarcoding studies. Three pairs of primers were highly effective, as they could successfully amplify all the major clades of Chinese amphibians in our study. A few non-amphibian taxa were also amplified by these primers, which implies that further optimization of amphibian-specific primers is still needed. The simultaneous use of three primer sets can completely cover all the species obtained by conventional survey methods and has even effectively distinguished quite a number of species (n = 20) in the Wenshan National Nature Reserve. No single primer set could individually detect all of the species from the studied region, indicating that multiple primers might be necessary for a comprehensive survey of Chinese amphibians. Besides, seasonal variations in amphibian species composition were also revealed by eDNA metabarcoding, which was consistent with traditional survey methods. These results indicate that eDNA metabarcoding has the potential to be a powerful tool for studying spatial and temporal community changes in amphibian species richness.

Long lifetimes white afterglow in slightly crosslinked polymer systems.

Intrinsic polymer room-temperature phosphorescence (IPRTP) materials have attracted considerable attention for application in flexible electronics, information encryption, lighting displays, and other fields due to their excellent processabilities and luminescence properties. However, achieving multicolor long-lived luminescence, particularly white afterglow, in undoped polymers is challenging. Herein, we propose a strategy of covalently coupling different conjugated chromophores with poly(acrylic acid (AA)-AA-N-succinimide ester) (PAA-NHS) by a simple and rapid one-pot reaction to obtain pure polymers with long-lived RTPs of various colors. Among these polymers, the highest phosphorescence quantum yield of PAPHE reaches 14.7%. Furthermore, the afterglow colors of polymers can be modulated from blue to red by introducing three chromophores into them. Importantly, the acquired polymer TPAP-514 exhibits a white afterglow at room temperature with the chromaticity coordinates (0.33, 0.33) when the ratio of chromophores reaches a suitable value owing to the three-primary-color mechanism. Systematic studies prove that the emission comes from the superposition of different triplet excited states of the three components. Moreover, the potential applications of the obtained polymers in light-emitting diodes and dynamic anti-counterfeiting are explored. The proposed strategy provides a new idea for constructing intrinsic polymers with diverse white-light emission RTPs.

Effective Long Afterglow Amplification Induced by Surface Coordination Interaction.

Long-persistent luminescent (LPL) materials have attracted considerable research interest due to their extensive applications and outstanding afterglow performance. However, the performance of red LPL materials lags behind that of green and blue materials. Therefore, it is crucial to explore novel red LPL materials. This study introduces a straightforward and viable strategy for organic-inorganic hybrids, wherein the organic ligand 1,3,6,8-Tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)pyrene (TCPP) is coordinated to the surface of a red persistent phosphor Sr0.75 Ca0.25 S:Eu2+ (R) through a one-step method. TCPP serves as an antenna, facilitating the transfer of absorbed light energy to R via triplet energy transfer (TET). Notably, the initial afterglow intensity and luminance of R increase by twofold and onefold, respectively, and the afterglow duration extends from 9 to 17 min. Furthermore, this study involves the preparation of a highly flexible film by mixing R@TCPP with high-density polyethylene (HDPE) to create a sound-controlled afterglow lamp. This innovative approach holds promising application prospects in flexible large-area luminescence, flexible wearables, and low-vision lighting.

Effect of dental follicles in minimally invasive open-eruption technique of labially impacted maxillary central incisors.

OBJECTIVES: To summarize the open-eruption technique of impacted anterior maxillary teeth, this study reports a technically improved operation on surgical exposure based on dental follicles and evaluates post-treatment periodontal health considering the effect of dental follicles. METHODS: Patients who underwent open-eruption technique with unilateral labially impacted maxillary central incisors were selected. The impacted teeth were assigned to the experimental group, and the contralateral unimpacted maxillary central incisors were assigned to the control group. In the surgical exposure, the new technique makes use of dental follicles to manage the soft tissue, so as to preserve soft tissue for better aesthetic results and healthier periodontal tissue. Tooth length, root length, alveolar bone loss, and alveolar bone thickness were recorded after the therapy. RESULTS: A total of 17 patients with unilateral maxillary central incisor impaction were successfully treated. The tooth length and root length of the two groups showed a statistically significant difference between the impacted and homonym teeth, with a shorter length in the impacted tooth (P<0.05). More labial alveolar bone loss was found in the experimental group compared with that in the control group (P<0.05). The outcomes of the cementoenamel junction width, pa- latal alveolar bone loss, and alveolar bone thickness did not indicate statistical significance between the experimental and control groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In the surgical exposure, the new technique uses dental follicles to manage the soft tissue and preserve it for better aesthetic results and healthier periodontal tissues.