Preparation and performance of a CsI scintillation screen with a double-period structure based on an oxidized silicon micropore array template.

A structured double-period CsI scintillation screen was successfully developed to improve its detection efficiency based on an oxidized silicon micropore array template with a period value on the order of micro-scale. The structure comprises a main structure along with a sub-structure. The main structure with a period of 8 µm was arranged in a square array consisting of square columnar scintillator units. The micropore walls between the main structure units were purposely fabricated from a SiO2-Si-SiO2 layered structure. The pore walls in commonly used single-structure with a period of 4 µm use the same layered structure composition to obtain a fair comparison. The thickness of both Si and the SiO2 layers was around 0.4 µm. The unique feature of the double structure lies in the even separation of each unit within the main structure into four square columnar scintillator sub-units. These four sub-units within each sub-structure were isolated solely by SiO2 layers with a thickness of approximately 0.8 µm. As a result, the X-ray-induced optical luminescence intensity of the double-structure screen exhibited a 31% increase compared to the corresponding single-structure scintillation screen. In X-ray imaging, a spatial resolution of 109 lp/mm was achieved, which closely matched the results obtained with the single-structure CsI screen. Furthermore, the detective quantum efficiency also displayed a notable improvement.

Optimization of SiO2 reflective layer thickness for improving the performance of structured CsI scintillation screen based on oxidized Si micropore array template in X-ray imaging.

Structured scintillation screen based on oxidized Si micropore array template can effectively improve the spatial resolution of X-ray imaging. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of SiO2 layer thickness on the light guide and X-ray imaging performance of CsI scintillation screen when the structural period is as small as microns. Cylindrical micropores with a period of 4.3 µm, an average diameter of 3.3 µm and a depth of about 40 µm were prepared in Si wafers. SiO2 layer was formed on the pore walls after thermal oxidation. Increasing SiO2 layer thickness would be beneficial to the propagation of scintillation light along the cylindrical channels. What was not previously anticipated was that the pore size gradually shrank as the SiO2 layer thickened. The pore shrinkage would reduce the filling rate of CsI in the templates and thus would reduce the production of scintillation light. The structured CsI scintillation screens with different SiO2 layer thicknesses were fabricated by filling CsI scintillator into the oxidized silicon micropore array template. The morphology, crystallinity, X-ray excited optical luminescence, and X-ray imaging performance of the screens were studied. The results show that the spatial resolutions of X-ray images measured using the structured CsI scintillation screens with different SiO2 layer thicknesses are close to each other, and they are all about 110 lp/mm. However, the X-ray excited optical luminescence of the screen and detective quantum efficiency of X-ray imaging vary with the thickness of the SiO2 layer. The optimal thickness is about 350 nm.

Influence of the thickness of a SiO2 reflective layer on the performance of a structured CsI(Tl) scintillation screen based on an oxidized Si micropore array template in X-ray imaging.

To obtain better light guidance and optical isolation effects under a limited microcolumn wall thickness, the influence of the thickness of a SiO2 reflective layer on the performance of a structured CsI(Tl) scintillation screen based on an oxidized Si micropore array template in X-ray imaging was simulated. The results show that the SiO2 reflective layer should maintain a certain thickness to achieve good light-guide performance. However, if the template is entirely composed of SiO2, the light isolation performance of the microcolumn wall will be slightly worse. The results provide a basis for optimizing the thickness of SiO2 reflective layer.

Transtheoretical model-based mobile health application for PCOS.

BACKGROUND: Lifestyle modification (diet, exercise, and behavioral interventions) is the first-line treatment for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The benefits of face-to-face lifestyle modification intervention in a short time have been demonstrated. However, few studies have investigated the mobile technology effects on lifestyle modification in PCOS. Therefore, we examined the effect of transtheoretical model-based mobile health application intervention program for PCOS. METHODS: A randomised controlled, single-blind trial, was carried out from October 2018 to March 2019, which included 122 participants recruited from gynecology outpatient clinics of affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University in Guizhou. The study participants were randomised into intervention (n = 61) and control groups (n = 61). Participants in the intervention group undertook a TTM-based mobile health application program in addition to routine care, and participants in the control group received only routine care. RESULTS: Fifty-one participants in the intervention group and 49 in the control group completed the study. Compared to the control group, participants in the intervention group showed statistically significant decrease for BMI (P < 0.05), WC (P < 0.05), SAS (P < 0.05), and SDS (P < 0.05) scores at 6-month and 12-month, respectively. Behavior stage change of exercise and diet among paticipants with PCOS was significant at 6 months (c2 = 43.032, P < 0.05) and 12th months (c2 = 49.574, P < 0.05) between the intervention and control groups. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that the TTM-based mobile health application program can decrease BMI, WC, anxiety, and depression, and improve exercise and diet adherence in patients with PCOS in the long term. The TTM-based mobile health application program can be applied for lifestyle modification in women with PCOS. Trial registration This study was approved by the ethics committee NO.[2019]1-028 in March 2018 and was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (website: www.chictr.org.cn , registry number: ChiCTR2000034572).

Poor adherence of life management in patients with PCOS and many then go on to adherence poor health outcomes as a result. There is an urgent need for new approach to enhance to life management compliance for patients with PCOS. TTM is a common behavior change model, which can effectively promote the behavior change of patients, but it has not been used in the life management of PCOS patients. Meanwhile, the traditional life management of PCOS is mainly face-to-face intervention, few studies have investigated the mobile technology effects on lifestyle modification in PCOS. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term effects of TTM-based mobile technology (for lifestyle modification) on the maintenance of health-related behavior changes among women with PCOS. This study confirmed that the TTM-based mobile health application program can decrease BMI, WC, anxiety, and depression, and improve exercise and diet adherence in patients with PCOS in the long term. Our study conducted TTM-based mobile health application program can provide a reference for other researchers or research organizations.

[Preparation and effect against cervical cancer invasion in vitro of harmine-loaded photosensitive liposomes].

Despite the development of HPV vaccines and screening programs, cervical cancer is still a serious threat to women's health. Early-stage cervical cancer is mainly treated by surgery. However, considering the serious complications after surgery, hyperthermia is recommended to enhance the effect of chemotherapy, retain the integrity of cervix, improve the treatment effect, which provides a therapeutic basis for the early treatment of cervical cancer. The photosensitive liposomes containing harmine and dye IR-780 were prepared by thin-film dispersion method and separated by Sephadex G-50 dextran gel column. The preparation conditions were optimized as the mass ratio of phospholipid to cholesterol membrane material being 8∶1 and that of drug to lipid being 1∶20. The results of HPLC showed that the encapsulation efficiency of harmine was 55.6%±0.18%. The prepared photosensitive liposomes were round and evenly distributed under transmission electron microscope, with the particle size of(125.2±0.62) nm determined by Marvin particle size analyzer and the Zeta potential of(-2.55±0.76) mV. Additionally, the photosensitive liposomes had the photothermal conversion efficiency, an important property of photothermal agent, of 27.1%±0.86%. The photosensitive liposomes stored at 4 ℃ showed stable encapsulation efficiency in the first 14 days without flocculation. The sulforhodamine B(SRB) assay was employed to determine the inhibitory effect of the liposomes on the proliferation of HeLa cells under near-infrared(NIR) irradiation or not, which showcased stronger inhibitory effect under NIR irradiation. The results of Transwell assay indicated that the prepared liposomes significantly inhibited the invasion and migration of HeLa cells in vitro. The findings of this study provide a basis for the treatment of cervical cancer with harmine.

Performance of a CsI(Tl) scintillation screen with a dual-periodic structure based on an oxidized silicon micropore array template in X-ray imaging.

To address the reduction in the detection efficiency of a structured CsI(Tl) scintillation screen when its structure period reaches the order of microns, a dual-periodic structure of the screen is proposed. The special feature of the dual structure is that each unit of the primary structure is divided equally into either four or nine square column-shaped scintillation sub-units. The sub-units are separated only by SiO2 layers to form a secondary structure. The results show that the performance of a dual-structure CsI(Tl) screen in X-ray imaging is much better than that of a corresponding single-structure screen.

Influence of silicon wall thickness on the performance of structured CsI(Tl) scintillation screen based on oxidized silicon micropore array template in X-ray imaging.

The influence of silicon wall thickness on the performance of structured CsI(Tl) scintillation screen based on oxidized silicon micropore array template in X-ray imaging was simulated using Geant4 Monte Carlo simulation code in terms of light output (LO), modulation transfer function (MTF) and detective quantum efficiency (DQE). The results show that when the thickness of the silicon wall is less than 0.5 µm, the increase in the bottom light output (BLO) of the screen and the decrease in the spatial resolution of the X-ray imaging system using the screen become more significant as the thickness decreases. At low spatial frequency, the thicker the silicon wall, the lower the DQE. However, the DQE with a thick silicon wall can exceed the DQE with a thin silicon wall at high spatial frequency. All the results provide the quantitative relation between the silicon wall thickness of the structured CsI(Tl) scintillation screen and the quality of the X-ray imaging.

Development of ZnO-based nanorod arrays as scintillator layer for ultrafast and high-spatial-resolution X-ray imaging system.

Under excitation of high-energy and low-flux density of X-ray beam, a 1-µm system spatial resolution was initially achieved by using an 18-µm thickness ZnO nanorod array as the scintillator layer in X-ray imaging beamline at Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility. The decay time measurements indicated the ultraviolet and visible emissions of the arrays were subnanosecond and nanosecond, respectively. Through hydrogen annealing treatment, the ultraviolet luminescence was intensively enhanced and the visible luminescence was remarkably suppressed simultaneously. In conclusion, it can be determined that the ZnO-based nanorod arrays are the decent candidates for applications in ultrafast and high-spatial-resolution X-ray imaging systems.

CO2 adsorption on anatase TiO2(101) surfaces: a combination of UHV-FTIRS and first-principles studies.

The CO2 adsorption and dynamic behaviors on single crystal anatase TiO2(101) surfaces were investigated by UHV-FTIRS and first-principles calculations. The IRRAS results at 90 K show that the ν3(OCO) asymmetric stretching vibration of adsorbed CO2 exhibits band splitting at rather low CO2 coverage in p-polarized IR spectra for the IR beam incident along the [101[combining macron]] direction. Co-adsorbed CO can prevent such band splitting. Ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations revealed that the adsorbed CO2 at finite temperature does not keep a stationary adsorption state but keeps a certain swing motion: one end of the linear CO2 molecule binds to surface Ti5c sites and the other end swings within the (010) plane with a tilted angle distribution ranging from 10° to 60° relative to the [101[combining macron]] direction. By suggesting a statistical model, we confirmed that it is the swing motion that results in the band splitting phenomenon of CO2 vibration in IR spectra. The co-adsorbed CO decreases the swing angle distribution ranging from 10° to 45° through the intermolecular interaction between CO and CO2, leading to the disappearance of CO2 band splitting.

Manipulating the charge state of Au clusters on rutile TiO2(110) single crystal surfaces through molecular reactions probed by infrared spectroscopy.

The charge state of Au clusters deposited on rutile TiO2(110) single crystal surfaces was studied by UHV-FTIRS using CO as a probe. The as-deposited Au clusters on oxidized TiO2(110) surfaces are electrically neutral and are identified by the 2105-2112 cm(-1) vibrational frequency of adsorbed CO depending on Au coverage. Annealing Au/TiO2(110) in a moderate O2 atmosphere at 400 K blue shifts the CO vibrational frequency by only 2-3 cm(-1) both on bare TiO2(110) surfaces and on Au clusters. However, NO exposure blue shifts the CO vibrational frequency by 16-26 cm(-1) for CO adsorbed on Au atoms near the interface and by 3-4 cm(-1) for CO adsorbed on top of Au clusters. As the acceptors of the intense charge transfer from Au, the Oa atoms generated through (NO)2→ N2O + Oa reactions on the small fraction of the bare TiO2(110) surface reside around the Au/TiO2(110) interface perimeter, causing the neutral Au(0) to be cationic Au(δ+) states. This is a new approach to manipulate the charge state of Au clusters on oxide surfaces, which may be helpful in regulating the catalytic redox reactions on oxide supported metal systems.

[Preparation and Performances of the M'-Type LuTaO4:Eu³âº Transparent Scintillator Films].

X-ray imaging has a very important role in life sciences and material microstructure analysis and other applications. One of the core components of X-ray imaging equipment is the X-rays-visible light conversion screen. Flashing transparent film is an effective way to achieve high spatial resolution X-ray imaging. M'-type LuTaO4: Eu³+ is an excellent scintillation material. It has high light yield, high density, good radiation hardness and good chemical stability. Therefore, to research and develop the transparent conversion screen with M'-type LuTaO4: Eu+ is very important for the application of X-ray detector in high spatial resolution X-ray imaging. In this paper, the M'-type LuTaO4:Eu³+ transparent scintillator films were successfully prepared from the inorganic salt and 2-methoxyethanol solution containing polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) via sol-gel technique, and transmittance, photoluminescence, X-ray excitation emission spectral and spatial resolution, and a series of film properties were characterized. A film thickness of about 2.1 µm was achieved after 8 coatings. The thick film was homogeneous and crack free, and the transmittance was approximately 70% in its emission region. The spatial resolution of the thick film was 1.5 µm, which measured by the standard spatial resolution panels. An X-ray imageof fruit fly was obtained by using this thick film. Additionally, thesol-gel derived M'-type LuTaO4:Eu³+ thick film revealed excellent photoluminescence and X-ray excited luminescence per- formances. All results indicated that the M'-type LuTaO4:Eu³+ thick films have satisfied the essential requirements for applications in high-spatial-resolution X-ray imaging.

Effect of Cnidium Lactone on Serum Mutant P53 and BCL-2/BAX Expression in Human Prostate Cancer Cells PC-3 Tumor-Bearing BALB/C Nude Mouse Model.

BACKGROUND: Cnidium lactone is a natural coumarin compound that can inhibit a variety of cancer cell proliferation and induce cancer cell apoptosis. This experiment investigated the effect of cnidium lactone on molecular marker expression in prostate cancer nude mice to study its effect in inducing apoptosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We randomly and equally divided 30 male BALB/C nude mice inoculated with human prostate cancer cells PC-3 into a negative control group, a cyclophosphamide group (500 mg/Kg), and cnidium lactone groups at 3 doses (280 mg/Kg, 140 mg/Kg, and 70 mg/Kg). The mice were weighed at 2 weeks after administration. Tunnel assay was applied to test the nude mice tumor cell apoptosis. ELISA was performed to detect serum AMACR, CD147, mutant P53, BCL-2, AND BAX expression levels. Tumor tissue was separated and weighed. RESULTS: Mice weight did not change significantly in the groups receiving 3 different doses of cnidium lactone(p>0.05), while it decreased obviously in the cyclophosphamide group (p<0.05). Tumor weight, CD147, mutant P53, and BCL-2 levels were significantly lower in the groups receiving 3 different doses of cnidium lactone than in the negative control group (p<0.05). Among them, the abovementioned indexes decreased markedly in the 280 mg/Kg and 140 mg/Kg dose groups than in the cyclophosphamide group (p<0.05). AMACR and BAX levels showed no significant difference in the cnidium lactone group or the cyclophosphamide group (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Cnidium lactone may induce prostate cancer cell apoptosis and inhibit its proliferation through regulating CD147, mutant P53, and BCL-2 expression in nude mice.

[Preparation and Photoluminescent Properties of Ce³âº-Activated LaPO4 Nanocrystals and Core/Shell Structure].

Hydrophobic, monodisperse LaPO4: Ce³âº nanoparticles, LaPO4:Ce³âº/LaPO4 and LaPO4:Ce³âº/LaPO4: Ce³âº/ LaPO4 core/shell structure nanocrystals were synthesized via a high-temperature organic solution approach. The as-synthesized samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL). The results show that: all the samples are a monoclinic phase, Because of the size small nanoparticles, the diffraction peaks of the sample occurs width phenomenon. The LaPO4:Ce³âº nano- crystals exhibits the characteristic emission of Ce³âº ions, the photoluminescence intensity increases first and then decreases with the increasing doping concentration of Ce³âº ions, and the best doping amount is 6 at %, with the increasing doping amount, the photoluminescence intensity decreases which may caused by the concentration quenching. Compared to LaPO4:Ce³âº nanoparti- cles, the photoluminescence intensity of LaPO4:Ce³âº/LaPO4 and LaPO4: Ce³âº/LaPO4: Ce³âº/LaPO4 core/shell structure nanocrystals improves about 41% and 95% respectively, this may be a synergy of larger particle size of nanocrystals and surface passivation effect. FTIR spectra data shows that the absorption peak at 1545 and 1461 cm⁻¹ corresponded to the asymmetric and symmetric stretching vibration of --COO⁻, the separation, Δ, between the two peaks is 84 cm⁻¹, The mechanism of the sample surface modification by the organics might be that the oxygen atoms of the carboxyl are coordinated with the lanthunum ions by a bidentate mode.

[Preparation and Performance of Ultrafast γ-CuI Scintillation Conversion Screen].

Micro-columnar structured γ-CuI scintillation conversion screen with columnar diameter in the micrometer and thickness about 17 µm were prepared by thermal evaporation method on quartz substrates with different temperatures. X-ray excited luminescence spectra of the screens show two peaks located at 430 nm and near 700 nm, which correspond to the fast and slow emission components, respectively. The fast one dominated. The intensity of 430 nm peak decreased as the substrate temperature rose from 170 °C to 210 °C. At the same time the intensity of 700 nm band increased. The changes may be attributed to the iodine loss from screen caused by the substrate temperature. The phenomenon of iodine loss was observed by the Rutherford backscattering experiment. The crystal structure of the screens presents (111) preferred orientation, which is independent of the substrate temperature. As the temperature rose to 210 °C, two weak additional peaks of (220) and (420) γ-CuI crystal planes in X-ray diffraction patterns appeared due to the increase in kinetic energy of CuI molecules. The scanning electron microscopy images of the screens showed that the columnar structure was improved when the substrate temperature increased from 170 °C to 190 °C, but it would be degenerated when the temperature continued to rise to 210 °C because of the surface and bulk diffusion effects of the depositing molecules. Finally, the spatial resolution of the γ-CuI scintillation screens was measured by knife-edge method, and they are 4.5, 7.2 and 5.6lp · mm(-1) for the screens prepared at the substrates temperatures of 170, 190 and 210 °C, respectively. The result shows that micro-column structure could improve the spatial resolution of γ-CuI scintillation screen.

Luminescence behavior of Li2 Sr1-3x/2 Eux SiO4 red phosphors for LED applications.

Red-emitting Li(2)Sr(1-3x/2)Eux SiO4 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) phosphors were synthesized at 900 °C in air by a solid-state reaction. The synthesized phosphors were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, photoluminescence (PL) excitation (PLE) and PL spectra. The results from the PLE spectra suggest that the strong 394 nm excitation peak associated with the (5) L6 state of Eu(3+) ions is of significance for near ultraviolet pumped white light-emitting diodes and solid-state lighting. It is also noted that the position of the charge transfer state of Eu(3+) ions shifts towards the higher energy side (blue shift) by increasing the content of Eu(3+) ions. The predominant emissions of Eu(3+) ions under 394 nm excitation are observed at 580, 593, 614, 656 and 708 nm, which are attributed to the (5) D0 → (7)FJ (J = 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4), respectively. The PL results reveal that the optimal content of the red-emitting Li2 Sr(1-3x/2)Eux SiO4 phosphors is x = 0.475. Simulation of the white light excited by 394 nm near ultraviolet light has also been carried out for its potential white light-emitting diode applications.

[Photoluminescence of in-doped zinc oxide nanopowders synthesized by precipitation method].

In-doped ZnO nanopowders were prepared by precipitation. The influence of the processing parameters, such as In doping concentration, calcination temperature, reactant ratio and type of precipitant on the grain size, structure and photolumines cence (PL) of In/ZnO nanopowders was detailed analyzed by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and photoluminescence spectrum. The experimental results indicated that with the increase in the In doping level (the molar ratio of In3+ /Zn2+ increased from 0%. to 5%), the crystallization and the UV emission of ZnO nanopowders were reduced because of the increase of impurity defects. And the UV emission band would have a red-shift from 389 to 419 nm, which could be resulted from the effects of merging of donor and conduction bands, and potential fluctuations of impurity energy level. The calcination temperature will play an important role in synthesis of luminescence materials. When the calcination temperature was raised from 500 to 600 degrees C, the grain size of In/ZnO nanopowder increased gradually, and the dominated UV emission band was improved due to the enhanced crystallization of the nanopowder. If the temperature was raised up to 800 degrees C, the crystallization of the sample was further improved, leading to an enhanced intensity of UV emission Additionally, near this temperature, the oxygen vacancy is easier to be produced owing to the improvement of the kinetic energy for the ions in lattice, which induces in the enhancement of the green emission band peaking at 525 nrn. For the temperature up to 1,000 degrees C, the UV emission band was suppressed due to the production of excessive oxygen vacancy, and the In/ZnO nanopowder exhibited a dominated green emission. The luminescence performance of the In/ZnO nanopowder is also much affected by the reactant ratio. The reaction rate is improved by the increase of the NH4 HCO3 / Zn(NO3)2 molar ratio, which will decrease both grain size of In/ZnO nanopowder and emission intensity of UV band. Furthermore, the effect of the precipitant on the luminescence was examined. It is obviously that the NH4 HCO3 and NaOH precipitants will remarkably affect the crystallization of the precursor powder, but nearly have no effect on the luminescence property of the final nanopowder products.

Checkpoint CD24 function on tumor and immunotherapy.

CD24 is a protein found on the surface of cells that plays a crucial role in the proliferation, invasion, and spread of cancer cells. It adheres to cell membranes through glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) and is associated with the prognosis and survival rate of cancer patients. CD24 interacts with the inhibitory receptor Siglec-10 that is present on immune cells like natural killer cells and macrophages, leading to the inhibition of natural killer cell cytotoxicity and macrophage-mediated phagocytosis. This interaction helps tumor cells escape immune detection and attack. Although the use of CD24 as a immune checkpoint receptor target for cancer immunotherapy is still in its early stages, clinical trials have shown promising results. Monoclonal antibodies targeting CD24 have been found to be well-tolerated and safe. Other preclinical studies are exploring the use of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, antibody-drug conjugates, and gene therapy to target CD24 and enhance the immune response against tumors. In summary, this review focuses on the role of CD24 in the immune system and provides evidence for CD24 as a promising immune checkpoint for cancer immunotherapy.

A study on the correlations of PRL levels with anxiety, depression, sleep, and self-efficacy in patients with prolactinoma.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the factors influencing PRL levels in patients with prolactinoma and to investigate the correlations between anxiety, depression, sleep, self-efficacy, and PRL levels. Methods: This retrospective study included 176 patients with prolactinoma who received outpatient treatment at the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University from May 2017 to August 2022. The general information questionnaire, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), and General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) were used for data collection. A generalized estimating equation (GEE) model was used to analyze the factors influencing PRL levels in patients with prolactinoma. GEE single-effect analysis was used to compare PRL levels at different time points between anxiety group and nonanxiety group, between insomnia group and normal group, and between low, medium, and high self-efficacy groups. Results: The median baseline PRL level and the PRL levels at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months of follow-up were 268.50 ng/ml, 122.25 ng/ml, 21.20 ng/ml, 19.65 ng/ml, and 16.10 ng/ml, respectively. Among patients with prolactinoma, 59.10% had anxiety (HADS-A score = 7.35 ± 3.34) and 28.98% had depression (HADS-D score = 5.23 ± 3.87), 9.10% had sleep disorders (AIS score = 6.10 ± 4.31) and 54.55% had low self-efficacy (GSES score = 2.13 ± 0.83). Educational level, tumor size, number of visits, sleep quality, anxiety level, and self-efficacy level were found to be factors influencing PRL levels in patients with prolactinoma (P<0.05). Higher PRL levels were observed in the anxiety group compared to the non-anxiety group (P<0.001), in the insomnia group compared to the normal group (P<0.05), and in the low self-efficacy group compared to the medium and high self-efficacy groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: PRL levels in patients with prolactinoma are related to education level, tumor size, number of visits, anxiety, self-efficacy, and sleep but not depression. PRL levels were higher in patients with anxiety, low self-efficacy, and sleep disorders.

Knowledge, attitudes, practices, and self-efficacy of the Chinese public regarding cardiopulmonary resuscitation: an online cross-sectional survey.

Objective: To evaluate the current status of Chinese public's knowledge, attitudes, practices (KAP) and self-efficacy regarding cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), and to analyze the factors that influence KAP and self-efficacy. Methods: An online cross-sectional survey was conducted from February to June 2022 in Mainland China via a self-designed self-filled questionnaire. Potential participants were recruited through WeChat by convenience sampling and snowball sampling methods. Descriptive and quantitative analyses were used for statistical analysis. Results: The survey included 4,450 participants from 31 provinces, autonomous regions, or municipalities across Mainland China, aged 18 or above. The public's average understanding (clear and very clear) of the knowledge regarding CPR was 67.4% (3,000/4,450), with an average proportion of positive attitudes at 96.8% (4,308/4,450). In practice, the average proportion of good practices was 92.8% (4,130/4,450), while the percentage of good self-efficacy averaged at 58.9% (2,621/4,450), only 42.4% (1,885/4,450) of the participants had confidence in the correct use of automated external defibrillator (AED). Pearson correlation analysis showed a significantly positive correlation among knowledge, attitude, practice, and self-efficacy (p < 0.01). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that several factors have a significant influence on the public's CPR KAP and self-efficacy, including ever having received CPR training (p < 0.001), hearing about AED (p < 0.001), performing CPR on others (p < 0.001), hearing about CPR (p < 0.001), occupation (p < 0.001), personal health status (p < 0.001), education level (p < 0.001), gender (p < 0.001), and encountering someone in need of CPR (p = 0.021). Conclusion: The Chinese public demonstrates good knowledge of CPR, positive attitude, and high willingness to perform CPR. However, there is still room for improvement in the mastery of some professional knowledge points related to CPR and AED. It should be noted that knowledge, attitude, practice, and self-efficacy are interrelated and influence each other. Factors such as prior CPR training, hearing about AED, having performed CPR before, hearing about CPR, occupation, personal health status, education level, gender, and having encountered someone in need of CPR have a significant impact on the public's KAP and self-efficacy.

[Growth and red luminescence suppression of gamma-Cu I single crystal].

Transparent gamma-Cu I crystal with size about 9 mm x 9 mm x 1 mm was grown by using optimized solvent evaporation method with gamma-Cu I powders as raw material and acetonitrile as solvent. The results of Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) showed that the proportions of copper and iodine in as-grown gamma-Cu I crystal were 53.1 and 46.9 mol%, respectively. By iodine doping into growth solution, the proportions of copper and iodine were adjusted to 50.4 and 49.6 mol%, respectively. Photoluminescence (PL) showed that the as-grown gamma-Cu I crystal had an emission at 410 nm and an emission band around 720 nm. After iodine doping, the emission band around 720 nm was suppressed while other two weak emissions at 424 and 474 nm appeared. X-ray excited luminescence (XEL) showed that the as-grown gamma-Cu I crystal had an emission at 435 nm and an emission band around 720 nm. After iodine doping, the emission band around 720 nm was suppressed. Comparing the emission spectra before and after iodine doping, it is clear that red luminescence in gamma-Cu I crystal could be suppressed by iodine doping. The effect originated from the reduction of iodine vacancy in the crystal, but not from the iodine adsorbtion on the surface.