RESUMO
Enteroviruses (EVs), single-stranded, positive-sense RNA viruses, can be classified into four species (A-D), which have previously been linked to a diverse range of disease manifestations and infections affecting the central nervous system. In the Enterovirus species B (EV-B), Echovirus type 11 (E11) has been observed to occasionally circulate in Taiwan, which was responsible for an epidemic of enterovirus infections in 2018. Here, 48 clinical specimens isolated in 2003, 2004, 2009, and 2018 were collected for the high-throughput sequencing. Notably, we identified 2018 Taiwanese strains having potential recombinations in the 3D gene, as well as one 2003 strain having a double recombination with E6 and Coxsackievirus B5 in the P2 and P3 regions, respectively. Additionally, one amino acid signature mutated from the Histidine (H) in throat swab specimens to the Tyrosine (Y) in cerebral spinal fluid specimens was detected at position 1496 (or 57) of the genomic coordinate (or 3A gene) to further demonstrate intra-host evolution in different organs. In conclusion, this study identifies potential intertypic recombination events and an intra-host signature mutation in E11 strains, isolated during a 2018 neurological disease outbreak in Taiwan, contributing to our understanding of its evolution and pathogenesis.
Assuntos
Infecções por Enterovirus , Enterovirus , Humanos , Filogenia , Enterovirus Humano B/genética , Enterovirus/genética , Infecções por Enterovirus/epidemiologia , Recombinação GenéticaRESUMO
Cell-based influenza vaccines avoid egg-adaptive mutations, potentially improving vaccine effectiveness. We assessed the one-season cost-effectiveness of cell-based quadrivalent influenza vaccine (QIVc) against that of egg-derived quadrivalent influenza vaccines (QIVe) in children (6 months to 17 years of age) from payer and societal perspectives in Taiwan using an age-stratified static model. Base case and high egg adaptation scenarios were assessed. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) threshold in Taiwan was assumed to be USD 99 177/quality-adjusted life year (QALY). Compared to QIVe, QIVc would prevent 15 665 influenza cases, 2244 complicated cases, and 259 hospitalizations per year. The base case ICER was USD 68 298/QALY and USD 40 085/QALY from the payer and societal perspective, respectively. In the high egg adaptation scenario, the ICER was USD 45 782/QALY from the payer's perspective and USD 17 489/QALY from the societal perspective. Deterministic sensitivity analyses indicated that infection incidence rate, vaccination coverage, and prevalence of the A/H3N2 strain were the main drivers of ICER. In conclusion, switching the immunization strategy from QIVe to QIVc is predicted to reduce the influenza-associated disease burden and be cost-effective for the pediatric population in Taiwan. The potential benefits of QIVc would be even higher during influenza seasons with high levels of egg adaptation.
Assuntos
Vacinas contra Influenza , Influenza Humana , Criança , Humanos , Influenza Humana/epidemiologia , Influenza Humana/prevenção & controle , Análise de Custo-Efetividade , Taiwan/epidemiologia , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H3N2 , Vacinas CombinadasRESUMO
OBJETIVO: Fazer uma revisão sobre fistula cutânea broncopleural causada por Eikenella corrodens e relatar e discutir o caso de uma paciente. DESCRIÇAO: Paciente do sexo feminino, 16 anos de idade, foi encaminhada ao nosso hospital em estado febril com histórico de escarro com estrias de sangue há 2 meses; apresentava seqüelas neurológicas de encefalite herpética e estava confinada ao leito desde os cinco anos de idade. A mãe relatou ter detectado, dias antes, uma massa mole paraespinhal longitudinal. A paciente recebia alimentação via oral apesar da ocorrência de freqüentes engasgamentos nos últimos anos. A apalpação, a massa podia ser pressionada até encontrar menor resistência do espaço subcutâneo, estendendo-se longitudinalmente até a região torácica inferior. A tomografia torácica revelou pneumonia necrotizante do lobo direito inferior e uma fistula bronco pleural formando áreas de cavitação subcutânea. A paciente foi submetida a tratamento prolongado com antibióticos com decrescentes coletas de ar por 8 semanas. COMENTARIOS: A Eikenella corrodens tem sido indicada como potencial patógeno causador de infecções pleuropulmonares. Não há relatos de fístula pleurocutânea e formação de abscessos como complicadores de empiema e pneumonia necrotizante causados por infecção de E. corrodens. A presença de lesão torácica proeminente que aumenta e diminui com a respiração pode ser uma indicação de fistula pleurocutânea. O tratamento do empiema de Eikenella com antibióticos sem decorticação cirúrgica exige um tratamento prolongado com antibioticoterapia.