Identifying pediatric patients with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children presenting to a pediatric emergency department.

OBJECTIVE: To compare clinical and laboratory features of children with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) to those evaluated for MIS-C in the Emergency Department (ED). METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of the medical record of encounters with testing for inflammatory markers in an urban, tertiary care Pediatric ED from March 1, 2020 to July 31, 2020. We abstracted demographic information, laboratory values, selected medications and diagnoses. We reviewed the record for clinical presentation for the subset of patients admitted to the hospital for suspected MIS-C. We then used receiver operating curves and logistic regression to evaluate the utility of candidate laboratory values to predict MIS-C status. RESULTS: We identified 32 patients with confirmed MIS-C and 15 admitted and evaluated for MIS-C but without confirmation of SARS CoV-2 infection. We compared these patients to 267 encounters with screening laboratories for MIS-C. Confirmed MIS-C patients had an older median age, higher median fever on presentation and were predominantly of Hispanic and non-Hispanic Black race/ethnicity. All children with MIS-C had a C-reactive protein (CRP) >4.5 mg/dL, were more likely to have Brain Natriuretic Peptide >400 pg/mL (OR 10.50, 95%CI 4.40-25.04), D-Dimer >3 µg/mL (7.51, [3.18-17.73]), and absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) <1.5 K/mcL (21.42, [7.19-63.76]). We found CRP >4.5 mg/dL and ALC <1.5 K/mcL to be 86% sensitive and 91% specific to identify MIS-C among patients screened in our population. CONCLUSIONS: We identified that elevated CRP and lymphopenia was 86% sensitive and 91% specific for identification of children with MIS-C.

Characteristics and Geographic Variation in Sudden Unexpected Infant Deaths in the District of Columbia.

ABSTRACT: Sleep-related infant death is a major cause of infant mortality in the United States. In the District of Columbia, infant mortality varies widely among regions (2 to 14 per 1000 live births). The study objectives were to analyze the patient characteristics and related variables to sudden unexpected infant deaths at 2 pediatric emergency department (ED) sites and the geographic patterns of infant deaths and their relationship to social vulnerability. This retrospective cohort study examined infants under 1 year of age presenting with cardiac arrest at 2 ED sites from 2010 to 2020. Analysis showed 81 deaths with a median population age of 75 days (SD, 46 days). The most frequent demographics of deceased patients were African American Black (89%) with Medicaid insurance (63%), born at term gestation (66%), and without comorbidity (60%). The cause of death was most frequently undetermined (32%) and asphyxia (31%). Most cases involved bed-sharing (63%), despite more than half of those cases having a known safe sleep surface available. Infant death location showed that most deaths occurred in areas with the highest social vulnerability index, including near a community ED location. Understanding the etiologies of this geographic variability may enhance sleep-related infant death prevention strategies.

Patient Portal Enrollment for Discharged Pediatric Emergency Department Patients: A Multidisciplinary Quality Improvement Project.

Introduction: Patient portal enrollment following pediatric emergency department (ED) visits allows access to critical results, physician documentation, and telehealth follow-up options. Despite these advantages, there are many challenges to portal invitation and enrollment. Our primary objective was to improve patient portal enrollment rates for discharged pediatric ED patients. Methods: A multidisciplinary team of staff from two ED sites developed successful portal enrollment interventions through sequential Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles from October 2020 to October 2021. Interventions included a new invitation process, changes to patient paperwork on ED arrival, staff portal education, and changes to discharge paperwork and the portal website. The team utilized statistical process control charts to track the percentage of eligible discharged patients who received a portal invitation (process measure) and enrolled in the patient portal. Results: Before the study's initiation, less than 1% of eligible patients received patient portal invites or enrolled in the patient portal. Statistical process control charts revealed significant changes in enrollment and baseline shift at both a large academic ED campus and a satellite ED site by May 2021. Improvements in invitation rates were also observed at both campuses. Changes were sustained for over 6 months at both locations. Conclusions: High-reliability interventions and a multidisciplinary approach allowed for significant and sustained improvement in patient portal invitation and enrollment rates in eligible pediatric ED patients. Future study will examine enrollment patterns across patient demographics and further high-reliability interventions.