Molecular detection and genotyping of ß-human papillomavirus and it's association with epithelial skin neoplasms.

Epidemiological and molecular biological data suggest that ß-human papillomavirus (HPV) can cause epithelial skin tumors, but the relationship remains unclear. A new approach to the diagnosis of HPV is based on the measurement of viral consistence. We examined 52 immune-compromised and immune-competent patients in order to identify the association of epithelial neoplasms with ß-HPV. Determination of HPV was performed by polymerase chain reaction with hybridization-fluorescence detection in real-time. Amplification and detection were carried out with "Rotor-Gene" 3000 ("Corbett Research," Australia). To quantify the beta HPV genus, we used recombinant plasmid positive controls as well as control plasmid of ß-globin fragments taken from human genes (Central Scientific Institute of Epidemiology Rospotrebnadzor). We have found that ß-HPV DNA predominated in fibroepithelial polyps (64%) and in the apparently healthy skin (54%) of immune-compromised patients versus 47% in the skin of healthy donors. Mixed infection was detected in fibroepithelial polyps of 57% in the immune-compromised patients. Viral consistence in the fibroepithelial polyps was higher than in the apparently normal donors' skin. The high detection of HPV DNA was found in fibroepithelial polyps and in the apparently healthy skin of immune-compromised patients whereas a high level of HPV DNA was only found in fibroepithelial polyps.

Multiple Real-World Data Sources in a Bayesian Framework to Inform Long-Term Survival Estimates of Mosunetuzumab in Patients with Follicular Lymphoma.

INTRODUCTION: Patients with follicular lymphoma (FL) receiving third-line or later (3L +) therapy have long survival, which can make estimating long-term overall survival (OS) from trial data challenging. The objective of this study was to estimate long-term OS for mosunetuzumab from the GO29781 trial (NCT02500407) using multiple real-world databases (RWDs) in a Bayesian framework. METHODS: Seven RWD sources for patients with FL receiving 3L + therapy and the expansion cohort in the GO29781 trial for mosunetuzumab were used. Hazard trends from the RWD sources were analyzed, and disease-wide pointwise OS and its corresponding uncertainty were estimated using Bayesian random-effects meta-analysis from the RWD sources. Pointwise OS obtained was used as an informative prior in Bayesian survival extrapolations to data from patients receiving mosunetuzumab. Results after adjusting for background mortality were compared to equivalent frequentist extrapolations using trial data only. RESULTS: Hazard patterns from RWD sources supported a constant or linearly decreasing hazard. Mean pointwise OS for patients with FL receiving 3L + therapy was estimated at 0.52 (95% credible interval, 0.29-0.85) at 8 years. Bayesian extrapolations for mosunetuzumab produced median survival estimates of 11.6 (6.7-20.7) years to 17.0 (6.4-22.7) years depending on the distribution used, reducing uncertainty by 20% to 46% relative to the frequentist estimation. CONCLUSION: Multiple RWD sources can be synthesized to augment the credibility of data with short follow-up, long patient survival, and few events to effectively estimate long-term survival and reduce estimated uncertainty. This method can be applied to other indications with similar characteristics. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER AND DATE OF REGISTRATION: NCT02500407, July 16, 2015.

Comparative effectiveness between mosunetuzumab monotherapy clinical trial and real-world data in relapsed/refractory follicular lymphoma in third or subsequent lines of systemic therapy.

A comparison of clinical outcomes in the third or subsequent line (3 L+) of systemic therapy between a real-world data (RWD) external control cohort and a mosunetuzumab single-arm clinical trial cohort is presented. Data for 3 L + patients with relapsed/refractory follicular lymphoma (FL) were obtained from the mosunetuzumab single-arm trial (n = 90) and a US electronic health records database (n = 158), with patients meeting key eligibility criteria from the trial, balanced on pre-specified prognostic factors. Overall response and complete response rates were 80% and 60% in the mosunetuzumab cohort and 75% and 33% in the RWD cohort, odds ratios of 1.23 (95% CI, 0.52-2.93) and 3.18 (95% CI, 1.41-7.17), respectively. Hazard ratios for progression-free survival and overall survival were 0.82 (95% CI, 0.53-1.27) and 0.43 (95% CI, 0.19-0.94). These findings support a clinically meaningful benefit of mosunetuzumab monotherapy as a chemotherapy-free option for the 3 L + FL population.

Vaccination Intention against COVID-19 among the Unvaccinated in Jordan during the Early Phase of the Vaccination Drive: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

Objective: This study assessed the intention and predictors of accepting the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine in Jordan. Method: A national-level online survey was conducted among adults (≥18 years) in Jordan between June and September 2021. Descriptive analyses were performed to report vaccination intent. In addition, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were done to evaluate the association between vaccination intent and its predictors. Results: A total of 2307 adults participated. Most of them (83.7%) expressed an intention to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. Their vaccination intention was significantly (p < 0.001) associated with male gender (aOR: 2.6), residence in the Amman region (aOR: 51.8), and no history of COVID-19 infection (aOR: 6.0). In contrast, individuals aged 50-64 years (aOR: 0.2, p < 0.001), Jordanians (aOR: 0.7, p = 0.038), and those with an occupation designated as "other" (unemployed, general workers, housewives) (aOR: 0.2, p < 0.001) were less likely to have a positive vaccination intent. Among the health belief model constructs, perceived future (aOR: 2.8) and present (aOR: 5.0) susceptibility to COVID-19 infection; severity of complications (aOR: 9.9); and benefits (aOR: 100.8) were significantly (p < 0.001) associated with a higher likelihood of having a vaccination intent. On the other hand, individuals who are concerned about the efficacy (aOR: 0.2) and side effects (aOR: 0.2) of the vaccine were less likely to have a positive vaccination intent (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Despite having high rates of intention to receive a COVID-19 vaccine, Jordanians, older adults and housewives, general workers and unemployed individuals were less likely to be vaccinated. These findings highlight that need-based public health campaigns are necessary to ensure maximum COVID-19 vaccination uptake in Jordan.

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Standard Infection Control Precautions among Health-Care Workers in a University Hospital in Qassim, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) contribute to increased length of hospital stay, higher mortality and higher health-care costs. Prevention and control of HAIs is a critical public health concern. This study assessed the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of standard infection control precautions among health-care workers (HCWs) in Qassim, Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional online survey among HCWs was conducted using a structured questionnaire. Predictors of KAP were investigated using multivariate logistic regression analyses and independent sample t-tests. A total of 213 HCWs participated in the survey. The prevalence of good (≥80% correct response) knowledge, attitude, and practice were 67.6%, 61.5%, and 73.2%, respectively. The predictors of good knowledge included the age of the HCWs (>34 years) (adjusted odds ratio: 30.5, p < 0.001), and training (13.3, p < 0.001). More than 6 years of work experience was a significant predictor of having a positive attitude (5.5, p < 0.001). While the predictors of good practice were having >6 years of experience (2.9, p < 0.01), previous exposure to HAIs (2.5, p < 0.05), and training (3.5, p < 0.01). However, being female (0.22, p < 0.001) and older (>34 years) (0.34, p < 0.01) were negatively associated with knowledge. Results indicate that arranging training for HCWs might be useful in improving their knowledge of standard infection control precautions and is also expected to facilitate positive attitude and practice.

The Effectiveness of Online Course Intervention to Improve Knowledge of Antimicrobial Resistance among Dental Students, in Comparison to Reference Group Using a Randomized Controlled Trial.

AIM: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a recognised antimicrobial resistance (AMR) online module on knowledge and perception among dental students, using a randomised controlled trial study design. METHODS: Dental students (n = 64, aged 21-25 years) in clinical years agreed to participate in this triple-blinded, parallel, randomised controlled trial. There were 34 students in the study group and 30 students in the control group. The study group participated in an online course covering information about AMR, while students in the control group received another online course about microorganisms in dentistry. Both groups were assessed three times using online questionnaires: before the intervention (T1), after the intervention (T2), and two months later (T3). Each one of T1, T2 and T3 had 22 questions. The questions were repeated each time in T1, T2, and T3 asking about AMR but with different question format, to avoid the possibility of students to memorise the answers. RESULTS: The mean (m) of correct answers for all students on T1 was 12.56, with standard deviation (SD) of 3.2. On T2, m = 14.03 and SD = 3.85, and on T3, m = 14.36 and SD = 3.71. Scores ranged from 0 to 22. The participants in the study and control groups showed significant score improvements from T1 to T2, immediately after the intervention, but there was no significant difference between T2 and T3. The study group students' scores did not improve significantly from T1 to T3, in contrast to the control group students' scores. More importantly, there was no significant difference in improvement from T1 to T2 when comparing the study and control groups. CONCLUSION: Online courses might not be reliable learning methods for ensuring the optimal levels of AMR knowledge that are needed by dental practitioners.