[Vaccination against the herpes zoster virus]. / Vacunación frente al virus del herpes zóster.

OBJECTIVE: To review the latest published evidence on the vaccine used in our country against the herpes zoster virus, breaking down the results according to the efficacy, efficiency, effectiveness and safety of the vaccine. Include the current recommendations for vaccination. DESIGN: Secondary review. Descriptive qualitative review. Review using the search term "herpes zoster vaccine" and "Adjuvanted recombinant Herpes Zoster subunit vaccine". Retrospective observational study. DATA SOURCES: Embase, Medline and Google Scholar. Selection of studies Search criterion with the terms "Shingrix vaccine" and "Adjuvanted Herpes Zoster Subunit Vaccine". Search period 2013-2023. Studies classified as clinical trials or randomized clinical trials were selected. 21 published studies were evaluated. There were no exclusions. RESULTS: The evaluated studies were found to be coherent and in all of them efficacy in adult individuals in preventing viral reactivation and in preventing complications was higher than 80%. The effectiveness of the vaccine after two doses was also higher than 80%. Cost-effectiveness studies were always favourable in adults, immunodepressed patients and individuals with chronic pathology. The safety of the vaccine was evaluated in the pivotal studies and in the post-commercialization studies that were undertaken (although there were few of the latter due to the short period of time studied). The safety profile of the vaccine is very high and in the case of severe adverse effects, their frequency was similar to that of a placebo. CONCLUSIONS: We have a safe and effective vaccine against the herpes zoster virus that allows us to protect the most vulnerable population groups against this virus.

[Infectious Disease Prevention Group: Update on vaccines, 2022]. / Prevención de las enfermedades infecciosas. Actualización en vacunas PAPPS 2022.

The update of the preventive activities for this year 2022 in the field of infectious diseases is of special relevance due to the importance that prevention has gained and more specifically, vaccination as a tool to control the pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus declared on March 11, 2020. The pandemic has focused much of the prevention efforts on its containment, but the importance of maintaining high vaccination coverage of the rest of the recommended vaccines to maintain good control of vaccine-preventable diseases and avoid complications in particularly vulnerable patients should not be forgotten. In this year's review we present a practical document with the aim of providing tools to primary care professionals who work with adults, to make the indication of each vaccine whether it is systematically recommended or if it is because the patient belongs to some risk group due to their condition or underlying pathology. In this way, throughout the document, we will comment on the most innovative aspects of systematic vaccination (flu, pneumococcus, meningococcal vaccines and vaccines against the human papillomavirus [HPV]), the new vaccines (pandemic vaccines against COVID-19, vaccines against herpes zoster of subunits, vaccines against monkeypox) and the recommended vaccines according to risk condition (pregnancy and lactation, travelers, patients with immunosuppression or underlying pathology).

[Infectious Disease Prevention Group. Update on vaccines, 2020]. / Prevención de las enfermedades infecciosas. Actualización en vacunas, 2020.

Vaccine development is one of the fastest growing sectors in medicine now and in the future, as we are living with the emergency health care for the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. The semFYC PAPPS program biannually publishes the recommendations of the group and, in this edition, special emphasis is placed on the common vaccination proposed by the Ministry of Health, where, at last, it no longer discriminates between paediatrics and adults, and proposes a calendar throughout life. The main novelties in the field of vaccinology today are focused on the consolidation of the nonavalent vaccine against the human papilloma virus and in the change of the dose of monovalent meningitis vaccine C for the tetravalent one, ACWY, at age 12. The pandemic we are experiencing has led to the postponement of most preventive activities. On the return to «normality¼, the vaccination calendar must be examined, and completed if necessary.

[Inappropriate actions in adult vaccination]. / Actuaciones inadecuadas en vacunación de adultos.

Vaccines constitute one of the main foundations of the public health system, improving the quality and life expectancy of people. The vaccination calendar must be extended to the whole life of a person and in recent years the vaccination of the adult has become more complex and requires a greater knowledge of it. The role of primary care health is essential in order to improve vaccination coverage given the patient's closeness and trust. It is important to know the recommendations on vaccination for reasons of age, underlying pathology, work circumstances or any other factor that may endanger health and be preventable by vaccination and at the same time have clear criteria of what should not be done in this countryside. An excess in vaccination can pose a risk to the health of the patient and a waste of resources.

[Management of odontogenic infections in Primary Care: Antibiotic?] / Manejo de las infecciones odontogénicas en las consultas de atención primaria: ¿antibiótico?

Our aim is to contribute to the rational use of antibiotics prescribed by family doctors when a patient consults for a dental problem. Nowadays we should not ask which antibiotic to give. The question has to be if we need to prescribe antibiotics in front of the most common odontogenic infections seen in our practice. We review the main dental infections, which should be their appropriate management and the role of prevention. We need to know the complexity of the oral microbiome because it?ll depend on the appropriateness of the antibiotherapy, the evolution towards cure or progression of some odontogenic infections. The bacterial plaque, formed by the biofilm, behaves as a barrier to the action of antimicrobials. It?s in the prevention of its development as well as in it mechanical elimination once shaped, in what the family doctor should insist. We must transmit antibiotics don?t heal dental pain.

Prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia in adults and related cardiometabolic factors. SIMETAP-HTG study. / Prevalencia de hipertrigliceridemia en adultos y factores cardiometabólicos asociados. Estudio SIMETAP-HTG.

AIM: To determine in the adult population the crude and the sex- and age-adjusted prevalence rates of hypertriglyceridaemia (HTG) and to assess its association with cardiovascular risk factors, chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular and cardiometabolic diseases. METHODS: Cross-sectional observational study conducted in Primary Care, with 6,588 adult study subjects, randomly selected on base-population. Patients had HTG if the triglyceride level was≥150mg/dL (≥1.7mmol/L), or were on lipid-lowering therapy to lower triglyceride. Associations were assessed by univariate and multivariate analysis, and crude and sex- and age-adjusted prevalence rates were determined. RESULTS: The arithmetic and geometric means of triglyceride levels were respectively 120.5 and 104.2mg/dL in global population, 135.7 and 116.0mg/dL in men, and 108.6 and 95.7mg/dL in women. The crude HTG prevalence rates were 29.6% in global population, 36.9% in men and 23.8% in women. The sex- and age-adjusted HTG prevalence rates were 27.0% in global population, 34.6% in men and 21.4% in women. The independent variables that were most associated with HTG were hypercholesterolemia (OR: 4.6), low HDL-C (OR: 4.1), hepatic steatosis (OR: 2.8), diabetes (OR: 2.0), and obesity (OR: 1.9). CONCLUSIONS: The means of triglyceride levels and HTG prevalence rates are intermediate between those of other national and international studies. A fifth of the female adult population and more than a third of the male population had HTG. The independent factors associated with HTG were hypercholesterolemia and low HDL-C, and the cardiometabolic variables diabetes, hepatic steatosis and obesity.