Mitochondria-targeted BODIPY dyes for small molecule recognition, bio-imaging and photodynamic therapy.

Mitochondria are essential for a diverse array of biological functions. There is increasing research focus on developing efficient tools for mitochondria-targeted detection and treatment. BODIPY dyes, known for their structural versatility and excellent spectroscopic properties, are being actively explored in this context. Numerous studies have focused on developing innovative BODIPYs that utilize optical signals for imaging mitochondria. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the progress made in this field, aiming to investigate mitochondria-related biological events. It covers key factors such as design strategies, spectroscopic properties, and cytotoxicity, as well as mechanism to facilitate their future application in organelle imaging and targeted therapy. This work is anticipated to provide valuable insights for guiding future development and facilitating further investigation into mitochondria-related biological sensing and phototherapy.

Potential-Regulated Design for Direct Recycling of Degraded LiFePO4 Cathode.

The rapid proliferation of power sources equipped with lithium-ion batteries poses significant challenges in terms of post-scrap recycling and environmental impacts, necessitating urgent attention to the development of sustainable solutions. The cathode direct regeneration technologies present an optimal solution for the disposal of degraded cathodes, aiming to non-destructively re-lithiate and straightforwardly reuse degraded cathode materials with reasonable profits and excellent efficiency. Herein, a potential-regulated strategy is proposed for the direct recycling of degraded LiFePO4 cathodes, utilizing low-cost Na2SO3 as a reductant with lower redox potential in the alkaline systems. The aqueous re-lithiation approach, as a viable alternative, not only enables the re-lithiation of degraded cathode while ignoring variation in Li loss among different feedstocks but also utilizes the rapid sintering process to restore the cathode microstructure with desirable stoichiometry and crystallinity. The regenerated LiFePO4 exhibits enhanced electrochemical performance with a capacity of 144 mA h g-1 at 1 C and a high retention of 98% after 500 cycles at 5 C. Furthermore, this present work offers considerable prospects for the industrial implementation of directly recycled materials from lithium-ion batteries, resulting in improved economic benefits compared to conventional leaching methods.

Zinc-Ion Anchor Induced Highly Reversible Zn Anodes for High Performance Zn-Ion Batteries.

Unstable Zn interface with serious detrimental parasitic side-reactions and uncontrollable Zn dendrites severely plagues the practical application of aqueous zinc-ion batteries. The interface stability was closely related to the electrolyte configuration and Zn2+ depositional behavior. In this work, a unique Zn-ion anchoring strategy is originally proposed to manipulate the coordination structure of solvated Zn-ions and guide the Zn-ion depositional behavior. Specifically, the amphoteric charged ion additives (denoted as DM), which act as zinc-ion anchors, can tightly absorb on the Zn surface to guide the uniform zinc-ion distribution by using its positively charged -NR4 + groups. While the negatively charged -SO3 - groups of DM on the other hand, reduces the active water molecules within solvation sheaths of Zn-ions. Benefiting from the special synergistic effect, Zn metal exhibits highly ordered and compact (002) Zn deposition and negligible side-reactions. As a result, the advanced Zn||Zn symmetric cell delivers extraordinarily 7000 hours long lifespan (0.25 mA cm-2, 0.25 mAh cm-2). Additionally, based on this strategy, the NH4V4O10||Zn pouch-cell with low negative/positive capacity ratio (N/P ratio=2.98) maintains 80.4 % capacity retention for 180 cycles. A more practical 4 cm*4 cm sized pouch-cell could be steadily cycled in a high output capacity of 37.0 mAh over 50 cycles.

Trace Fluorinated Carbon dots driven Li-Garnet Solid-State Batteries.

Garnet solid-state electrolyte Li6.5La3Zr1.5Ta0.5O12 (LLZTO) holds significant promise. However, the practical utilization has been seriously impeded by the poor contact of Li|garnet and electron leakage. Herein, one new type garnet-based solid-state batteries is prososed with high-performance  through the disparity in interfacial energy, induced by the reaction between trace fluorinated carbon dots (FCDs) and Li. The work of adhesion of Li|garnet is increased by the acquired Li-FCD composite, which facilitates an intimate Li|garnet interface with the promoted uniform Li+ deposition, revealed by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. It is futher validated that a concentrated C-Li2O-LiF component at the Li|garnet interface is spontaneously constructed, due to the the significant disparity in interfacial energy between C-Li2O-LiF|LLZTO and C-Li2O-LiF|Li. Furthermore, The electron transport and Li dendrites penetration are effectively hindered by the formed Li2O and LiF. The Li-FCD|LLZTO|Li-FCD symmetrical cells demonstrate stable cycling performance for over 3000 hours at 0.3 mA cm-2 and 800 hours at 0.5 mA cm-2. Furthermore, the LFP|garnet|Li-FCD full cell exhibit remarkable cycling performance (91.6% capacity retention after 500 cycles at 1 C). Our research has revealed a novel approach to establish a dendrite-free Li|garnet interface, laying the groundwork for future advancements in garnet-based solid-state batteries.

Unraveling the "Gap-Filling" Mechanism of Multiple Charge Carriers in Aqueous Zn-MoS2 Batteries.

The utilization rate of active sites in cathode materials for Zn-based batteries is a key factor determining the reversible capacities. However, a long-neglected issue of the strong electrostatic repulsions among divalent Zn2+ in hosts inevitably causes the squander of some active sites (i.e., gap sites). Herein, we address this conundrum by unraveling the "gap-filling" mechanism of multiple charge carriers in aqueous Zn-MoS2 batteries. The tailored MoS2 /(reduced graphene quantum dots) hybrid features an ultra-large interlayer spacing (2.34 nm), superior electrical conductivity/hydrophilicity, and robust layered structure, demonstrating highly reversible NH4 + /Zn2+ /H+ co-insertion/extraction chemistry in the 1 M ZnSO4 +0.5 M (NH4 )2 SO4 aqueous electrolyte. The NH4 + and H+ ions can act as gap fillers to fully utilize the active sites and screen electrostatic interactions to accelerate the Zn2+ diffusion. Thus, unprecedentedly high rate capability (439.5 and 104.3 mAh g-1 at 0.1 and 30 A g-1 , respectively) and ultra-long cycling life (8000 cycles) are achieved.

Structural Distortion in the Wadsley-Roth Niobium Molybdenum Oxide Phase Triggering Extraordinarily Stable Battery Performance.

Wadsley-Roth niobium oxide phases have attracted extensive research interest recently as promising battery anodes. We have synthesized the niobium-molybdenum oxide shear phase (Nb, Mo)13 O33 with superior electrochemical Li-ion storage performance, including an ultralong cycling lifespan of at least 15000 cycles. During electrochemical cycling, a reversible single-phase solid-solution reaction with lithiated intermediate solid solutions is demonstrated using in situ X-ray diffraction, with the valence and short-range structural changes of the electrode probed by in situ Nb and Mo K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy. This work reveals that the superior stability of niobium molybdenum oxides is underpinned by changes in octahedral distortion during electrochemical reactions, and we report an in-depth understanding of how this stabilizes the oxide structure during cycling with implications for future long-life battery material design.

Interfacial Mo-S-C Bond with High Reversibility for Advanced Alkali-Ion Capacitors: Strategies for High-Throughput Production.

The high-throughput scalable production of low-cost and high-performance electrode materials that work well under high power densities required in industrial application is full of challenges for the large-scale implementation of electrochemical technologies. Here, motivated by theoretical calculation that Mo-S-C heterojunction and sulfur vacancies can reduce the energy band gap, decrease the migration energy barrier, and improve the mechanical stability of MoS2 , the scalable preparation of inexpensive MoS2-x @CN is contrived by employing natural molybdenite as precursor, which is characteristic of high efficiency in synthesis process and energy conservation and the calculated costs are four orders of magnitude lower than MoS2 /C in previous work. More importantly, MoS2- x @CN electrode is endowed with impressive rate capability even at 5 A g-1 , and ultrastable cycling stability during almost 5000 cycles, which far outperform chemosynthesis MoS2 materials. Obtaining the full SIC cell assembled by MoS2- x @CN anode and carbon cathode, the energy/power output is high up to 265.3 W h kg-1 at 250 W kg-1 . These advantages indicate the huge potentials of the designed MoS2- x @CN and of mineral-based cost-effective and abundant resources as anode materials in high-performance AICs.

Chelate-Capped Nano-AgZn3 Dual Interphase Remodeling the Local Environment for Reversible Dendrite-Free Zinc Anode.

Rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) are among the most promising candidates for next-generation energy-storage devices. However, the large voltage polarisation and infamous dendrite growth hinder the practical application of AZIBs owing to their complex interfacial electrochemical environment. In this study, a hydrophobic zinc chelate-capped nano-silver (HZC-Ag) dual interphase is fabricated on the zinc anode surface using an emulsion-replacement strategy. The multifunctional HZC-Ag layer remodels the local electrochemical environment by facilitating the pre-enrichment and de-solvation of zinc ions and inducing homogeneous zinc nucleation, thus resulting in reversible dendrite-free zinc anodes. The zinc deposition mechanism on the HZC-Ag interphase is elucidated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, dual-field simulations, and in situ synchrotron X-ray radiation imaging. The HZC-Ag@Zn anode exhibited superior dendrite-free zinc stripping/plating performance and an excellent lifespan of >2000 h with ultra-low polarisation of ≈17 mV at 0.5 mA cm-2 . Full cells coupled with a MnO2 cathode showed significant self-discharge inhibition, excellent rate performance, and improved cycling stability for >1000 cycles. Therefore, this multifunctional dual interphase may contribute to the design and development of dendrite-free anodes for high-performance aqueous metal-based batteries.

Interfacial Interaction of Multifunctional GQDs Reinforcing Polymer Electrolytes For All-Solid-State Li Battery.

Solid-state polymer electrolytes are highly anticipated for next generation lithium ion batteries with enhanced safety and energy density. However, a major disadvantage of polymer electrolytes is their low ionic conductivity at room temperature. In order to enhance the ionic conductivity, here, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are employed to improve the poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) based electrolyte. Owing to the increased amorphous areas of PEO and mobility of Li+ , GQDs modified composite polymer electrolytes achieved high ionic conductivity and favorable lithium ion transference numbers. Significantly, the abundant hydroxyl groups and amino groups originated from GQDs can serve as Lewis base sites and interact with lithium ions, thus promoting the dissociation of lithium salts and providing more ion pathways. Moreover, lithium dendrite is suppressed, associated with high transference number, enhanced mechanical properties and steady interface stability. It is further observed that all solid-state lithium batteries assembled with GQDs modified composite polymer electrolytes display excellent rate performance and cycling stability.

Trapping Lithium Selenides with Evolving Heterogeneous Interfaces for High-Power Lithium-Ion Capacitors.

Transition metal selenides anodes with fast reaction kinetics and high theoretical specific capacity are expected to solve mismatched kinetics between cathode and anode in Li-ion capacitors. However, transition metal selenides face great challenges in the dissolution and shuttle problem of lithium selenides, which is the same as Li-Se batteries. Herein, inspired by the density functional theory calculations, heterogeneous can enhance the adsorption of Li2 Se relative to single component selenide electrodes, thus inhibiting the dissolution and shuttle effect of Li2 Se. A heterostructure material (denoted as CoSe2 /SnSe) with the ability to evolve continuously (CoSe2 /SnSe→Co/Sn→Co/Li13 Sn5 ) is successfully designed by employing CoSnO3 -MOF as a precursor. Impressively, CoSe2 /SnSe heterostructure material delivers the ultrahigh reversible specific capacity of 510 mAh g-1 after 1000 cycles at the high current density of 4 A g-1 . In situ XRD reveals the continuous evolution of the interface based on the transformation and alloying reactions during the charging and discharging process. Visualizations of in situ disassembly experiments demonstrate that the continuously evolving interface inhibits the shuttle of Li2 Se. This research proposes an innovative approach to inhibit the dissolution and shuttling of discharge intermediates (Li2 Se) of metal selenides, which is expected to be applied to metal sulfides or Li-Se and Li-S energy storage systems.

High Voltage Ga-Doped P2-Type Na2/3 Ni0.2 Mn0.8 O2 Cathode for Sodium-Ion Batteries.

Ni/Mn-based oxide cathode materials have drawn great attention due to their high discharge voltage and large capacity, but structural instability at high potential causes rapid capacity decay. How to moderate the capacity loss while maintaining the advantages of high discharge voltage remains challenging. Herein, the replacement of Mn ions by Ga ions is proposed in the P2-Na2/3 Ni0.2 Mn0.8 O2 cathode for improving their cycling performances without sacrificing the high discharge voltage. With the introduction of Ga ions, the relative movement between the transition metal ions is restricted and more Na ions are retained in the lattice at high voltage, leading to an enhanced redox activity of Ni ions, validated by ex situ synchrotron X-ray absorption spectrum and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Additionally, the P2-O2 phase transition is replaced by a P2-OP4 phase transition with a smaller volume change, reducing the lattice strain in the c-axis direction, as detected by operando/ex situ X-ray diffraction. Consequently, the Na2/3 Ni0.21 Mn0.74 Ga0.05 O2 electrode exhibits a high discharge voltage close to that of the undoped materials, while increasing voltage retention from 79% to 93% after 50 cycles. This work offers a new avenue for designing high-energy density Ni/Mn-based oxide cathodes for sodium-ion batteries.

Power balanced orthogonally polarized dual-wavelength Ho:GdVO4 laser with a difference frequency of 1 THz.

A power balanced orthogonally polarized dual-wavelength Ho:GdVO4 laser was demonstrated for the first time. Without inserting any other devices into the cavity, the power balanced simultaneous orthogonally polarized dual-wavelength laser at π-polarization 2048nm and σ-polarization 2062nm was successfully achieved. At the absorbed pump power of 14.2 W, the maximum total output power was 1.68 W, and the output powers of 2048nm and 2062nm were 0.81 W and 0.87 W, respectively. The interval between the two wavelengths in the orthogonally polarized dual-wavelength Ho:GdVO4 laser was nearly 14nm, corresponding to the frequency separation of 1 THz. This power balanced orthogonally polarized dual-wavelength Ho:GdVO4 laser can be applied to generate the terahertz wave.

Electrochemically Engineering a Single-Crystal Nickel-Rich Layered Cathode.

Nickel-rich layered electrode material has been attracting significant attention owing to its high specific capacity as a cathode for lithium-ion batteries. Generally, the high-nickel ternary precursors obtained by traditional coprecipitation methods are micron-scale. In this work, the submicrometer single-crystal LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM) cathode is efficiently prepared by electrochemically anodic oxidation followed by a molten-salt-assisted reaction without the need of extreme alkaline environments and complex processes. More importantly, when prepared under optimal voltage (10 V), single-crystal NCM exhibits a moderate particle size (∼250 nm) and strong metal-oxygen bonds due to reasonable and balanced crystal nucleation/growth rate, which are conducive to greatly enhancing the Li+ diffusion kinetics and structure stability. Given that a good discharge capacity of 205.7 mAh g-1 at 0.1 C (1 C = 200 mAh g-1) and a superior capacity retention of 87.7% after 180 cycles at 1 C are obtained based on the NCM electrode, this strategy is effective and flexible for developing a submicrometer single-crystal nickel-rich layered cathode. Besides, it can be adopted to elevate the performance and utilization of nickel-rich cathode materials.

Advanced NASICON-Type Na4Fe3(PO4)2(P2O7) Cathode for High-Performance Na+/Li+ Batteries.

Na4Fe3(PO4)2(P2O7) (NFPP) is an attractive candidate for Na+ batteries (SIBs) and Li+ batteries (LIBs). However, the real implementation of NFPP has been critically restrained by the inferior intrinsic electronic conductivity. Herein, in situ carbon-coated mesoporous NFPP, obtained via freeze drying and heat treatment, demonstrates highly reversible insertion/extraction of Na+/Li+. Mechanically, the electronic transmission and structural stabilities of NFPP are significantly enhanced by the graphitized carbon coating layer. Chemically, the porous nanosized structure shortens Na+/Li+ diffusion paths and increases the contact area between the electrolyte and NFPP, ultimately rendering fast ion diffusion. Greatly, long-lasting cyclability (88.5% capacity retention for over 5000 cycles), decent thermal stability at 60 °C, and impressive electrochemical performances are demonstrated in LIBs. The insertion/extraction mechanisms of NFPP in both SIBs and LIBs are systematically investigated, confirming its small volume expansion and high reversibility. The superior electrochemical performances and the insertion/extraction mechanism investigation confirm the feasibility of utilizing NFPP as a cathode material for Na+/Li+ batteries.

Analysis of Intensive Care Unit Nursing Clinical Judgment and Selection of Nursing Diagnosis for Cerebral Hemorrhage.

Few nursing informatics studies focus on selecting nursing diagnoses for critical patients. The absence of data about nursing clinical judgment in the care of patients with cerebral hemorrhage greatly hinders research progress in evidence-based care. A stratified, retrospective study analyzed 115 electronic "intelligent" nursing information system nurse assessments and nursing diagnoses. Data were documented from April 2019 to November 2020 for critically ill patients admitted with cerebral hemorrhage in a 10-bed medical ICU at a 1500-bed tertiary facility, Henan Honliv Hospital, in Henan Province, China. In the selection of nursing diagnoses among nurses of stratified competencies (novice to expert), novice and experienced nurses were found to have significant variances in selecting nursing diagnoses for critically ill patients with cerebral hemorrhage. Novice nurses more frequently selected the Activity Intolerance Risk diagnosis as an initial diagnosis ( P = .025). Experienced nurses selected the Fluid Volume Excess Risk diagnosis more frequently ( P = .003). Consequently, nursing information systems are important in evaluating professional practice. The access to structured, standardized nursing data for the complete nursing process enables nurse managers to comprehensively analyze the nursing care given to patients, the distribution of patient nursing diagnoses, and the status of patient care risks.

Nano-Impact Electrochemistry Reveals Kinetics Information of Metal-Ion Battery Materials with Multiple Redox Centers.

Prussian blue (PB) has emerged as a promising cathode material in aqueous batteries. It possesses two distinct redox centers, and the potassium ions (K+ ) are unevenly distributed throughout the compound, adding complexity to the interpretation of the K+ insertion/de-insertion kinetic mechanism. Traditional ensemble-averaged measurements are limited in uncovering the precise kinetic information of the PB particles, as the results are influenced by the construction of the porous composite electrode and the redox behavior from different particles. In this study, the electrochemical processes of individual PB particles were investigated using nano-impact electrochemistry. By varying the potentials, different types of transient current signals were obtained that revealed the kinetic mechanism of each oxidation/reduction reaction in combination with theoretical simulation. Additionally, a partially contradictory conclusion between single-particle analysis and the ensemble-averaged measurement was discussed. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the electrochemical processes of cathode materials with multiple redox centers, which facilitates the development of effective strategies to optimize these materials.

Discovering the Intrinsic Causes of Dendrite Formation in Zinc Metal Anodes: Lattice Defects and Residual Stress.

Developing a highly stable and dendrite-free zinc anode is essential to the commercial application of zinc metal batteries. However, the understanding of zinc dendrites formation mechanism is still insufficient. Herein, for the first time, we discover that the interfacial heterogeneous deposition induced by lattice defects and epitaxial growth limited by residual stress are intrinsic and critical causes for zinc dendrite formation. Therefore, an annealing reconstruction strategy was proposed to eliminate lattice defects and stresses in zinc crystals, which achieve dense epitaxial electrodeposition of zinc anode. The as-prepared annealed zinc anodes exhibit dendrite-free morphology and enhanced electrochemical cycling stability. This work first proves that lattice defects and residual stresses are also very important factors for epitaxial electrodeposition of zinc in addition to crystal orientation, which can provide a new mechanism for future researches on zinc anode modification.

Bulk-Phase Reconstruction Enables Robust Zinc Metal Anodes for Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries.

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries are inherently safe, but the severe dendrite growth and corrosion reaction on zinc anodes greatly hinder their practical applications. Most of the strategies for zinc anode modification refer to the research of lithium metal anodes on surface regulation without considering the intrinsic mechanisms of zinc anode. Herein, we first point out that surface modification cannot permanently protect zinc anodes due to the unavoidable surface damage during the stripping process by solid-liquid conversion. A bulk-phase reconstruction strategy is proposed to introduce abundant zincophilic sites both on the surface and inside the commercial zinc foils. The bulk-phase reconstructed zinc foil anodes exhibit uniform surfaces with high zincophilicity even after deep stripping, significantly improving the resistance to dendrite growth and side reactions. Our proposed strategy suggests a promising direction for the development of dendrite-free metal anodes for practical rechargeable batteries with high sustainability.

Reactive Polymer as Artificial Solid Electrolyte Interface for Stable Lithium Metal Batteries.

Lithium (Li) metal anodes have the highest theoretical capacity and lowest electrochemical potential making them ideal for Li metal batteries (LMBs). However, Li dendrite formation on the anode impedes the proper discharge capacity and practical cycle life of LMBs, particularly in carbonate electrolytes. Herein, we developed a reactive alternative polymer named P(St-MaI) containing carboxylic acid and cyclic ether moieties which would in situ form artificial polymeric solid electrolyte interface (SEI) with Li. This SEI can accommodate volume changes and maintain good interfacial contact. The presence of carboxylic acid and cyclic ether pendant groups greatly contribute to the induction of uniform Li ion deposition. In addition, the presence of benzyl rings makes the polymer have a certain mechanical strength and plays a key role in inhibiting the growth of Li dendrites. As a result, the symmetric Li||Li cell with P(St-MaI)@Li layer can stably cycle for over 900 h under 1 mA cm-2 without polarization voltage increasing, while their Li||LiFePO4 full batteries maintain high capacity retention of 96 % after 930 cycles at 1C in carbonate electrolytes. The innovative strategy of artificial SEI is broadly applicable in designing new materials to inhibit Li dendrite growth on Li metal anodes.

Reconstructing Hydrogen Bond Network Enables High Voltage Aqueous Zinc-Ion Supercapacitors.

High-voltage aqueous rechargeable energy storage devices with safety and high specific energy are hopeful candidates for the future energy storage system. However, the electrochemical stability window of aqueous electrolytes is a great challenge. Herein, inspired by density functional theory (DFT), polyethylene glycol (PEG) can interact strongly with water molecules, effectively reconstructing the hydrogen bond network. In addition, N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) can coordinate with Zn2+ , assisting in the rapid desolvation of Zn2+ and stable plating/stripping process. Remarkably, by introducing PEG400 and DMF as co-solvents into the electrolyte, a wide electrochemical window of 4.27 V can be achieved. The shift in spectra indicate the transformation in the number and strength of hydrogen bonds, verifying the reconstruction of hydrogen bond network, which can largely inhibit the activity of water molecule, according well with the molecular dynamics simulations (MD) and online electrochemical mass spectroscopy (OEMS). Based on this electrolyte, symmetric Zn cells survived up to 5000 h at 1 mA cm-2 , and high voltage aqueous zinc ion supercapacitors assembled with Zn anode and activated carbon cathode achieved 800 cycles at 0.1 A g-1 . This work provides a feasible approach for constructing high-voltage alkali metal ion supercapacitors through reconstruction strategy of hydrogen bond network.