RESUMO
A wheat-Dasypyrum breviaristatum partial amphiploid and its derivatives were analyzed by molecular cytological observation and tested for disease resistance in order to evaluate the potential use of the D. breviaristatum for wheat improvement. A fertility-improved partial amphiploid, TDH-2, was produced from the selfing population of Triticum aestivum cv. Chinese spring (CS)-D. breviaristatum amphiploid. Based on the results obtained from genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) and seed protein electrophoresis, we found the presence of fourteen D. breviaristatum chromosomes and the absence of D genome in TDH-2, indicating that the genomic composition of TDH-2 was AABBV(b)V(b). GISH analysis on BC(1)F(4) progenies of TDH-2xwheat demonstrated that alien D. breviaristatum chromosomes or segments were frequently transmitted. A survey of diseases resistance revealed that powdery mildew resistance from D. breviaristatum was totally expressed, however, the expression of stripe rust resistance from D. breviaristatum was dependent on the wheat background. The comparison of polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which was carried out using molecular marker SCAR(1400) linked to Pm21 D. villosum-derived powdery mildew resistance gene, suggested that D. breviaristatum possessed new resistance gene(s) different from that in D. villosum. The present study showed that the partial amphiploid TDH-2 and its derivatives could serve as novel sources for transfer of disease resistance genes to wheat.
Assuntos
Citogenética/métodos , Doenças das Plantas/genética , Poaceae/genética , Triticum/genética , Cromossomos de Plantas/genética , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida , Fertilidade/genética , Genoma de Planta/genética , Gliadina/metabolismo , Vigor Híbrido/genética , Hibridização Genética , Imunidade Inata/genética , Hibridização in Situ Fluorescente/métodos , Cariotipagem , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Ploidias , Sementes/genética , Sementes/metabolismoRESUMO
Carvedilol, a nonselective beta-blocker with additional alpha1-adrenergic blocking and antioxidant properties, has been shown to be cardioprotective in experimental myocarditis. However, the antioxidative effects of carvedilol have not been investigated in the setting of acute viral myocarditis. Therefore, this study investigated whether carvedilol protects against viral myocarditis primarily by its antioxidant and/or antiinflammatory properties. In a coxsackievirus B3 murine myocarditis model (Balb/c), effects of carvedilol and metoprolol on myocardial histopathological changes, cytokine levels, virus titers, malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) contents were studied. Carvedilol markedly attenuated myocardial lesions and increased interferon-gamma and interleukin-12 production (cytokines) on day 7 with concomitant reduction of myocardial virus replication. In addition, only carvedilol decreased the content of MDA and increased the content of SOD on day 14. Metoprolol as well as bunazosin (a higly selective alpha1-adrenergic blocking agent) had no significant effects in this model. The results indicate that the superior protection of carvedilol in this model is probably the result of its antioxidative effects and the upregulation of antiinflammatory cytokines.