RESUMO
In our efforts to identify orally bioavailable CGRP receptor antagonists, we previously discovered a novel series of orally available azepinone derivatives that unfortunately also exhibited the unwanted property of potent time-dependent human CYP3A4 inhibition. Through heterocyclic replacement of the indazole ring, we discovered a series of heterocycle derivatives as high-affinity CGRP receptor antagonists. Some of them showed reasonable oral exposures, and the imidazolone derivatives that showed good oral exposure also exhibited substantially reduced time-dependent CYP3A4 inhibition. Several compounds showed strong in vivo efficacy in our marmoset facial blood flow assay with up to 87% inhibition of CGRP-induced activity. However, oral bioavailability generally remained low, emphasizing the challenges we and others encountered in discovering clinical development candidates for this difficult Class B GPCR target.
Assuntos
Azepinas/farmacologia , Antagonistas do Receptor do Peptídeo Relacionado ao Gene de Calcitonina/farmacologia , Receptores de Peptídeo Relacionado com o Gene de Calcitonina/metabolismo , Azepinas/síntese química , Azepinas/química , Antagonistas do Receptor do Peptídeo Relacionado ao Gene de Calcitonina/síntese química , Antagonistas do Receptor do Peptídeo Relacionado ao Gene de Calcitonina/química , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Humanos , Estrutura Molecular , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
(R)-3-((3S,4S)-3-fluoro-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)piperidin-1-yl)-1-(4-methylbenzyl)pyrrolidin-2-one (BMS-986169) and the phosphate prodrug 4-((3S,4S)-3-fluoro-1-((R)-1-(4-methylbenzyl)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl)piperidin-4-yl)phenyl dihydrogen phosphate (BMS-986163) were identified from a drug discovery effort focused on the development of novel, intravenous glutamate N-methyl-d-aspartate 2B receptor (GluN2B) negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). BMS-986169 showed high binding affinity for the GluN2B subunit allosteric modulatory site (Ki = 4.03-6.3 nM) and selectively inhibited GluN2B receptor function in Xenopus oocytes expressing human N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor subtypes (IC50 = 24.1 nM). BMS-986169 weakly inhibited human ether-a-go-go-related gene channel activity (IC50 = 28.4 µM) and had negligible activity in an assay panel containing 40 additional pharmacological targets. Intravenous administration of BMS-986169 or BMS-986163 dose-dependently increased GluN2B receptor occupancy and inhibited in vivo [3H](+)-5-methyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5,10-imine ([3H]MK-801) binding, confirming target engagement and effective cleavage of the prodrug. BMS-986169 reduced immobility in the mouse forced swim test, an effect similar to intravenous ketamine treatment. Decreased novelty suppressed feeding latency, and increased ex vivo hippocampal long-term potentiation was also seen 24 hours after acute BMS-986163 or BMS-986169 administration. BMS-986169 did not produce ketamine-like hyperlocomotion or abnormal behaviors in mice or cynomolgus monkeys but did produce a transient working memory impairment in monkeys that was closely related to plasma exposure. Finally, BMS-986163 produced robust changes in the quantitative electroencephalogram power band distribution, a translational measure that can be used to assess pharmacodynamic activity in healthy humans. Due to the poor aqueous solubility of BMS-986169, BMS-986163 was selected as the lead GluN2B NAM candidate for further evaluation as a novel intravenous agent for TRD.
Assuntos
Antidepressivos/uso terapêutico , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/tratamento farmacológico , Organofosfatos/uso terapêutico , Piperidinas/uso terapêutico , Pró-Fármacos/uso terapêutico , Pirrolidinonas/uso terapêutico , Receptores de N-Metil-D-Aspartato/metabolismo , Administração Intravenosa , Regulação Alostérica , Animais , Antidepressivos/efeitos adversos , Antidepressivos/farmacocinética , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Encéfalo/fisiopatologia , Ondas Encefálicas/efeitos dos fármacos , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/fisiopatologia , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/psicologia , Transtornos Dissociativos/induzido quimicamente , Macaca fascicularis , Masculino , Memória de Curto Prazo/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos , Atividade Motora/efeitos dos fármacos , Organofosfatos/efeitos adversos , Organofosfatos/farmacocinética , Piperidinas/efeitos adversos , Piperidinas/farmacocinética , Pró-Fármacos/efeitos adversos , Pró-Fármacos/farmacocinética , Pirrolidinonas/efeitos adversos , Pirrolidinonas/farmacocinética , Ensaio Radioligante , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Receptores de N-Metil-D-Aspartato/antagonistas & inibidores , XenopusRESUMO
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonists have been shown to be efficacious as abortive migraine therapeutics with the absence of cardiovascular liabilities that are associated with triptans. Herein, we report the discovery of a highly potent CGRP receptor antagonist, BMS-742413, with the potential to provide rapid onset of action through intranasal delivery. The compound displays excellent aqueous solubility, oxidative stability, and toxicological profile. BMS-742413 has good intranasal bioavailability in the rabbit and shows a robust, dose-dependent inhibition of CGRP-induced increases in marmoset facial blood flow.
Assuntos
Amidas/química , Antagonistas do Receptor do Peptídeo Relacionado ao Gene de Calcitonina , Indazóis/química , Quinolonas/química , Administração Intranasal , Amidas/farmacologia , Amidas/uso terapêutico , Animais , Células CACO-2 , Callithrix , Vasos Coronários/efeitos dos fármacos , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Face/irrigação sanguínea , Humanos , Indazóis/farmacologia , Indazóis/uso terapêutico , Transtornos de Enxaqueca/tratamento farmacológico , Quinolonas/farmacologia , Quinolonas/uso terapêutico , Coelhos , Ratos , Receptores de Peptídeo Relacionado com o Gene de Calcitonina/metabolismo , Mucosa Respiratória/efeitos dos fármacos , Mucosa Respiratória/patologiaRESUMO
Agonists at the nicotinic acetylcholine alpha 7 receptor (nAChR α7) subtype have the potential to treat cognitive deficits in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) or schizophrenia. Visuo-spatial paired associates learning (vsPAL) is a task that has been shown to reliably predict conversion from mild cognitive impairment to AD in humans and can also be performed by nonhuman primates. Reversal of scopolamine-induced impairment of vsPAL performance may represent a translational approach for the development of nAChR α7 agonists. The present study investigated the effect of treatment with the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, donepezil, or three nAChR α7 agonists, BMS-933043, EVP-6124 and RG3487, on vsPAL performance in scopolamine-treated cynomolgus monkeys. Scopolamine administration impaired vsPAL performance accuracy in a dose- and difficulty- dependent manner. The impairment of eventual accuracy, a measure of visuo-spatial learning during the task, was significantly ameliorated by treatment with donepezil (0.3 mg/kg, i.m.), EVP-6124 (0.01 mg/kg, i.m.) or BMS-933043 (0.03, 0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg, i.m.). Both nAChR α7 agonists showed inverted-U shaped dose-effect relationships with EVP-6124 effective at a single dose only whereas BMS-933043 was effective across at least a 10 fold dose/exposure range. RG3487 was not efficacious in this paradigm at the dose range examined (0.03-1 mg/kg, i.m.). These results are the first demonstration that the nAChR α7 agonists, EVP-6124 and BMS-933043, can ameliorate scopolamine-induced cognitive deficits in nonhuman primates performing the vsPAL task.
Assuntos
Aprendizagem por Associação de Pares/efeitos dos fármacos , Quinuclidinas/farmacologia , Percepção Espacial/classificação , Compostos de Espiro/farmacologia , Tiofenos/farmacologia , Percepção Visual/efeitos dos fármacos , Receptor Nicotínico de Acetilcolina alfa7/agonistas , Animais , Donepezila , Indanos/farmacologia , Macaca fascicularis , Masculino , Piperidinas/farmacologia , Quinuclidinas/química , Tempo de Reação/efeitos dos fármacos , Escopolamina , Compostos de Espiro/química , Análise e Desempenho de Tarefas , Tiofenos/química , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
The antidepressant activity of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor channel blocker, ketamine, has led to the investigation of negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) selective for the NR2B receptor subtype. The clinical development of NR2B NAMs would benefit from a translational pharmacodynamic biomarker that demonstrates brain penetration and functional inhibition of NR2B receptors in preclinical species and humans. Quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) is a translational measure that can be used to demonstrate pharmacodynamic effects across species. NMDA receptor channel blockers, such as ketamine and phencyclidine, increase the EEG gamma power band, which has been used as a pharmacodynamic biomarker in the development of NMDA receptor antagonists. However, detailed qEEG studies with ketamine or NR2B NAMs are lacking in nonhuman primates. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects on the qEEG power spectra of the NR2B NAMs traxoprodil (CP-101,606) and BMT-108908 in nonhuman primates, and to compare them to the NMDA receptor channel blockers, ketamine and lanicemine. Cynomolgus monkeys were surgically implanted with EEG radio-telemetry transmitters, and qEEG was measured after vehicle or drug administration. The relative power for a number of frequency bands was determined. Ketamine and lanicemine increased relative gamma power, whereas the NR2B NAMs traxoprodil and BMT-108908 had no effect. Robust decreases in beta power were elicited by ketamine, traxoprodil and BMT-108908; and these agents also produced decreases in alpha power and increases in delta power at the doses tested. These results suggest that measurement of power spectra in the beta and delta bands may represent a translational pharmacodynamic biomarker to demonstrate functional effects of NR2B NAMs. The results of these studies may help guide the selection of qEEG measures that can be incorporated into early clinical evaluation of NR2B NAMs in healthy humans.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Desenho de Fármacos , Eletroencefalografia/métodos , Receptores de N-Metil-D-Aspartato/metabolismo , Regulação Alostérica , Animais , Macaca fascicularis , Receptores de N-Metil-D-Aspartato/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Antidepressant activity of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists and negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) has led to increased investigation of their behavioral pharmacology. NMDA antagonists, such as ketamine, impair cognition in multiple species and in multiple cognitive domains. However, studies with NR2B subtype-selective NAMs have reported mixed results in rodents including increased impulsivity, no effect on cognition, impairment or even improvement of some cognitive tasks. To date, the effects of NR2B-selective NAMs on cognitive tests have not been reported in nonhuman primates. The current study evaluated two selective NR2B NAMs, CP101,606 and BMT-108908, along with the nonselective NMDA antagonists, ketamine and AZD6765, in the nonhuman primate Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) list-based delayed match to sample (list-DMS) task. Ketamine and the two NMDA NR2B NAMs produced selective impairments in memory in the list-DMS task. AZD6765 impaired performance in a non-specific manner. In a separate cohort, CP101,606 impaired performance of the nonhuman primate CANTAB visuo-spatial Paired Associates Learning (vsPAL) task with a selective impairment at more difficult conditions. The results of these studies clearly show that systemic administration of a selective NR2B NAM can cause transient cognitive impairment in multiple cognitive domains.
Assuntos
Cognição/efeitos dos fármacos , Cognição/fisiologia , Antagonistas de Aminoácidos Excitatórios/farmacologia , Receptores de N-Metil-D-Aspartato/antagonistas & inibidores , Receptores de N-Metil-D-Aspartato/metabolismo , 2-Hidroxipropil-beta-Ciclodextrina , Animais , Bromo/farmacologia , Transtornos Cognitivos/induzido quimicamente , Transtornos Cognitivos/metabolismo , Estudos de Coortes , Combinação de Medicamentos , Glutamatos/farmacologia , Ketamina/farmacologia , Macaca , Magnésio/farmacologia , Masculino , Memória de Curto Prazo/efeitos dos fármacos , Memória de Curto Prazo/fisiologia , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Fenetilaminas/farmacologia , Piperidinas/farmacologia , Desempenho Psicomotor/efeitos dos fármacos , Desempenho Psicomotor/fisiologia , Piridinas/farmacologia , Tempo de Reação , Reconhecimento Psicológico/efeitos dos fármacos , Reconhecimento Psicológico/fisiologia , Percepção Espacial/efeitos dos fármacos , Percepção Espacial/fisiologia , beta-Ciclodextrinas/farmacologiaRESUMO
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonists have been clinically shown to be effective in the treatment of migraine, but identification of potent and orally bioavailable compounds has been challenging. Herein, we describe the conceptualization, synthesis, and preclinical characterization of a potent, orally active CGRP receptor antagonist 5 (BMS-846372). Compound 5 has good oral bioavailability in rat, dog, and cynomolgus monkeys and overall attractive preclinical properties including strong (>50% inhibition) exposure-dependent in vivo efficacy in a marmoset migraine model.
RESUMO
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonists have demonstrated clinical efficacy in the treatment of acute migraine. Herein, we describe the design, synthesis, and preclinical characterization of a highly potent, oral CGRP receptor antagonist BMS-927711 (8). Compound 8 has good oral bioavailability in rat and cynomolgus monkey, attractive overall preclinical properties, and shows dose-dependent activity in a primate model of CGRP-induced facial blood flow. Compound 8 is presently in phase II clinical trials.