Inhibition of Autophagy and the Cytoprotective Role of Smac Mimetic against ROS-Induced Cancer: A Potential Therapeutic Strategy in Relapse and Chemoresistance Cases in Breast Cancer.

With more than a million deaths each year, breast cancer is the top cause of death in women. Around 70% of breast cancers are hormonally responsive. Although several therapeutic options exist, cancer resistance and recurrence render them inefficient and insufficient. The major key reason behind this is the failure in the regulation of the cell death mechanism. In addition, ROS was also found to play a major role in this problem. The therapeutic benefits of Smac mimetic compound (SMC) BV6 on MCF7 were examined in the current study. Treatment with BV6 reduces viability and induces apoptosis in MCF7 breast cancer cells. BV6 suppresses autophagy and has demonstrated a defensive role in cancer cells against oxidative stress caused by H2O2. Overall, the present investigation shows that SMC has therapeutic and cytoprotective potential against oxidative stress in cancer cells. These Smac mimetic compounds may be used as anti-cancer drugs as well as antioxidants alone or in conjunction with other commonly used antioxidants.

The "After Wave": Pediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome temporally associated with COVID-19 in a series of children from Eastern India.

Background: The objective of the study is to describe the presentation, treatment and outcomes of children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome with COVID-19 (MIS-C) in a tertiary care centre in Eastern India. Methods: Retrospective data of children diagnosed with MIS-C during the SARS CoV-2 pandemic were obtained from hospital records. Clinical details, laboratory profile, treatment protocol and outcomes of children with MIS-C between 01 Nov 2020 and 30 June 2021 were analysed. Results: Ten children (7 males) with a mean age of 6.8 years (median age 5.5 years, interquartile range 3.75-9.5) were analysed. COVID-19 RT-PCR was negative in all patients, whereas the IgG COVID antibody was positive in all children (100%). Seven children (7/10) had a history of contact with SARS CoV-2-positive adults. Five (5/10) children presented with cardiogenic shock. All children had evidence of a hyperinflammatory syndrome. Nine children (9/10) had predominant gastrointestinal and cardiovascular involvement. None had echocardiographic evidence of coronary dilatation or aneurysms either on admission or on follow-up. The elevated neutrophil lymphocyte ratio and D-dimer were found in all patients. All children responded to immunomodulatory treatment. None had residual deficit on discharge or at 4-week follow-up. There was no mortality. Conclusion: Children with MIS-C have good prognosis if early immunomodulatory treatment is instituted. Further prospective studies for long-term outcomes in children with MIS-C are required it being a novel entity recently described.

A Case Series of Prosthetic Rehabilitation of Post-COVID Rhinorbitocerebral Mucormycosis Ocular Defects: A Digital and Analog Experience.

Removal of a part of or the entire orbit results in facial defect, causing psychological trauma to the patient, apart from anatomic loss. This case series presents 6 clinical cases of prosthetic rehabilitation of ocular defects related to post-COVID-19 ROCM by both analog and digital workflow. The basic objective of this case series was to achieve a well retained, user-friendly, maxillofacial ocular prosthesis with esthetic accuracy. Unique size and shape of the ocular defect in each case, variety of skin tones, age range of patients and compromised neuromuscular control made each of the six cases challenging. This clinical series apart from proposing a digital & analog algorithm for rehabilitating ocular defects also illustrates analog workflow for 4 cases and digital workflow for 2 cases for fabrication of ocular prosthesis.

Analog and Digital Protocols for Functional Prosthetic Rehabilitation of Post-COVID-19 Rhino-Orbito Cerebral Mucormycosis Maxillofacial Defects: A Case Series.

The current study aims to present our clinical observations and experience gathered during the diagnosis, clinical presentation, medical/surgical treatment, and functional prosthetic rehabilitation of cases of rhino-orbital/cerebral Mucormycosis patients. Mucormycosis is an aggressive, life-threatening invasive fungal infection that occurs in people who are immune-compromised. The rise of ROCM during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in India suggests a more effective association between Mucormycosis and the SARS-CoV-2 delta variant. The treatment strategy for Mucormycosis is an early diagnosis which is critical for a successful outcome. The initial step is to reduce or remove underlying risk factors followed by surgical excision and debridement of the afflicted tissues supplemented with antifungal medication. The first-line antifungal treatment is Liposomal Amphotericin B. Postsurgical resection defects are rehabilitated by either removable partial prosthesis (obturators) or by fixed zygomatic implant/patient-specific implant supported prosthesis. Management of ROCM requires a multidisciplinary approach. This case series highlights detailed medical, surgical, and functional prosthetic management modalities adopted by our team in managing such a dreaded disease which may be used as a tool for the formulation of standardized prevention and management/treatment/rehabilitation protocols in the future so that disease morbidity and mortality be reduced and an endemic outbreak could be averted.

Therapeutic importance of Kigelia africana subsp. africana: an alternative medicine.

AIM: To summarise a detailed up-to-date review of the traditional uses, phytoconstituents, and pharmacological activities of various parts of Kigelia africana. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Google Scholar, PubMed, PubChem, Elsevier, King Draw, indianbiodiversity.org. RESULT: The phytochemical analysis of Kigelia africana subsp. africana has revealed the presence of approximately 145 compounds extracted from different parts of the plant. These bioactive extracts of the plant possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antineoplastic, and anti-urolithic activities. Due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immune-booster properties, Kigelia can prove to be an essential source of drugs for treating various disorders. CONCLUSION: Knowledge of the phytoconstituents, non-medicinal and medicinal traditional uses, pharmacological activities, and products obtained from Kigelia is described in this review with the hope that the updated findings will promote research on its biological pathways.

Traditional medicinal importance of Kigelia africana subsp. africanaPhytoconstituents present in extracts from different parts of the plantPharmacological activities of phytochemicals extracted from KigeliaAnti-inflammatory and antioxidant role in preventing oxidative stressPotential as ethnopharmacological therapeutic in treating respiratory ailmentsToxicity evaluation of Kigelia africana subsp. africana.

Evaluation and comparison of resistance to compression of various interocclusal recording media: an in vitro study.

BACKGROUND: This in vitro study was conducted to compare the compression resistance of various interocclusal recording materials when subjected to a compressive load. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Each interocclusal recording material was manipulated according to the manufacturer instruction and placed into a metallic cylinder. A total of 20 specimens for each interocclusal recording material were made. A total 100 specimens were fabricated. Each specimen was placed in the Universal Testing Machine exerting pressure on it, and a force of 100 g/cm(2) was exerted on each sample. 30 s later the reading of the Universal Testing Machine was recorded using a vertical traveling micrometer microscope with an accuracy of ± 0.001 mm. This value was marked as reading "A." 60 s after the application of the first force (100 g/cm(2)), a second force of 1000 g/cm(2) was applied gradually during an interval of 10 s. 30 s later the reading of the Universal Testing Machine exerting pressure on the specimen was recorded again. This value was marked as reading "B." The difference between readings "A" and "B" recorded the compression to resistance of each material. Comparisons within the groups and between the groups were done by using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD test. RESULT: There was significant variation between all interocclusal bite registration materials. According to the mean valve of each interocclusal bite registration material, Polyvinylsiloxane Bite Registration Material have better resistance to compression followed by Polyether interocclusal bite registration material, Aluwax Bite, and Impression Wax, Modeling Wax and at last Zinc Oxide Eugenol Impression Paste. CONCLUSION: Polyvinylsiloxane interocclusal registration material had the greatest resistance to compression. The least resistance to compression was noticed with zinc oxide-eugenol paste.