[Percutaneous nephropyelostomy: indications and technique (author's transl)]. / Die perkutane Nephropyelostomie: Indikationen und Technik.

Percutaneous nephropyelostomy has been performed on 24 patients. The method is simple, has few complications and can be performed rapidly; it can be recommended for both temporary and permanent supravesical urinary drainage. It represents an improvement in urologic techniques.

Municipal wastewater treatment in the anaerobic-aerobic baffled filter reactor at ambient temperature.

This paper presents the pilot-scale experiments with anaerobic-aerobic treatment of municipal wastewater. As the anaerobic part of the pilot-scale system, the combination of the anaerobic baffled reactor and the anaerobic filter was used. The aerobic part of reactor was designed as an activated sludge system with the carrier of biomass (polypropylene cords). Two pilot-scale reactors (AN-I and AN-II) under real conditions were monitored. All technological parameters were identical in both reactors, but the AN-I reactor was inoculated with the psychrophilic digested sludge. The HRT in the anaerobic and aerobic parts of reactors were about 15 hours and 4 hours, respectively. The temperature in both reactors varied during the year from 4.5 to 23 degrees C. During the yearly operation time both systems removed all monitored parameters with relatively high efficiencies (COD-78.6-83.0%, BOD5-92.5-94.0 and SS-80.9-92.7%). The intensive nitrification process was observed during the whole year in both reactors (under average temperature of 5.9 degrees C in January 2000, too). The average removal of the NH4-N varied during the year from 46.4 to 87.3%. In both systems the effective denitrification process was observed, too. In the real conditions it is possible to operate such systems for a long time without removing excess sludge.

Experiences with our surgical technic of partial resection of the kidney. / Erfahrungen mit unserer Operationstechnik bei Nierenteilresektionen.

On the basis of 305 partial resections of the kidneys is reported on experiences with an own operation technique. By applying a chromium cat-gut supporting suture a secure and pboblem-free care of the resection wound is possible, which guarantees an as far as possible uncomplicated postoperative course. The operation technique is described and in general the problems of postoperative early and late complications are discussed.

[Coagulum pyelolithotomy]. / Ein Beitrag Zur Koagulum-Pyelolithotomie.

On the basis of 20 cases the own experiences with the coagulum pyelolithotomy are demonstrated and the operation technique, as it is performed by the authors is described. The authors are of the opinion that, when aimedly used and at an adequate indication, the coagulum pyelolithotomy essentially facilitates the removal of mobile and multiple calculi from the renal calyces.

[Kidney function test after partial nephrectomy (author's transl)]. / Funktionsuntersuchungen nach Nierenteilresektion

A new method for testing the function of the kidney after partial nephrectomy is reported. By means of radioisotope renography, urography and radioisotope clearance ('single-shot' method) it is possible to prove the function of the single kidney. The clearance in regard to the size of the shadow of the kidney assessed by urography allows to estimate the specified kidney function. We used these methods in ten patients and we detected that the loss of function is more extensive than expected by the operative reduction of the kidney parenchyma only. The causes for this are discussed.

[Catheter embolization of malignant kidney tumors]. / Katheterembolisation maligner Nierentumoren.

It is reported on the occlusion of the renal artery with Spongostan in 25 cases of malignant renal tumours. The embolisation takes place immediately after the angiographic diagnosis of the renal tumour, in which case on account of the simplicity of the method every radiologist working in the field of angiography is able to perform the occlusion of the renal artery. It is not difficult to get embolisation material and it is available in nearly every surgical department. In 15 cases the later on performed extracapsular nephrectomy was, compared with the non-embolised kidneys, was facilitated by an edematous marginal zone and diminution and lacking filling of the tumour veins and on account of the smaller loss of blood led to a reduced operation stress of the patient. Apart from this on account of the missing blood supply of the kidney the ligature of the renal vein could be performed at an earlier moment of the operation and thus an intraoperatively haematogenic metastasation could be prevented. In 10 inoperable cases the embolisation was performed for the exclusion of haematuria and in order to stop and to decrease the further growth of the tumour. On account of the simplicity if the method, connected with the advantages resulting from this, the authors would like no more to miss this approach in future.

[Genital bowenoid papulosis. Pseudo-Bowen's disease of the genital area]. / Genitale bowenoide Papulose. Pseudomorbus Bowen der Genitalregion.

This report deals with a new disease, which is characterized by multiple reddish papules on the genitalia of young adults. The histological picture shows changes of squamous cell carcinoma in situ. The possible etiology is discussed. It is too early to predict the biological behaviour of these lesions.