Annotating the Role of 18F-FDG PET/CT in Fibromatoses: A Benign Masquerader of Malignancies-Is It Really an Advantageous Tool?

Fibromatoses are a heterogeneous group of benign proliferating fibroblasts and myofibroblasts which have a high predilection for recurrence and local invasion, especially deep fibromatoses or desmoid fibromatosis. 18F-FDG PET/CT, the workhorse of oncological imaging in nuclear medicine, can be employed to figure out the nature and aggressiveness of the lesions and various sites of involvement and to monitor treatment response to systemic therapies like tyrosine kinase inhibitors in case of deep or desmoid fibromatoses which is shown in the current research work.

Tubarial salivary glands on PSMA ligands based PET imaging and post 177Lu PSMA therapy scan: reiterating its importance.

68Ga-PSMA PET/CT has been routinely utilized in patients with intermediate to high-risk category prostate carcinoma for staging, biochemical recurrence and before planning the PSMA radioligand therapy (RLT). 177Lu-PSMA RLT has also been approved by FDA as a novel treatment modality in metastatic carcinoma prostate patients who have failed to other lines of treatment. The non-target organs like salivary and lacrimal glands have shown to have high physiological PSMA uptake on PSMA PET/CT. Recently, strong uptake of PSMA ligand has also been noted in the dorsal wall of the nasopharynx in the region of torus tubarius on PSMA PET/CT, which has led to the identification of new pair of salivary gland structures called "tubarial salivary glands". The clinical significance of these distinct anatomical structures lies in the fact these structures might be involved in a variety of immune related, inflammatory disorders, malignancies and could be a probable organ at risk during radiotherapy in case of head and neck malignancies, causing adverse effects to the patient.

"Bilateral Hot Forearm Sign": Ingeminating the Pattern of Physiological Uptake of 18F-Fludeoxyglucose.

Exertion and exercise increase glucose metabolism within the skeletal muscles causing increased fludeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake on 18F-FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). Here, we present findings of 18F-FDG PET/CT in a patient with acute viral hepatitis A-induced liver failure with multiple foci of pyoderma and incessant itching resulting in increased FDG uptake in the muscles of the bilateral forearm, producing the "bilateral hot forearm sign."

FDG PET/CT in the Diagnosis and After Sunitinib Follow-up of Synchronous Base of Tongue and Thyroid Metastases From Renal Cell Carcinoma.

ABSTRACT: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a leading cause of mortality among genitourinary malignancies with limited therapeutic options. The hematogenous route, lymphatic spread, and direct invasion have been documented in RCC. Usually, metastases are regional lymph nodes, lungs, bone, liver, adrenal glands, contralateral kidney, and brain. Metastases to the rare sites such as skin, breast, head and neck were documented in the literature. In the present case, we describe the synchronous metastases to the base of the tongue and thyroid gland in RCC and the response to sunitinib therapy on 18F-FDG PET/CT.

Optimized phenol degradation and lipid production by Rhodosporidium toruloides using response surface methodology and genetic algorithm-optimized artificial neural network.

Oleaginous yeast can produce lipids while degrading phenol in wastewater treatment. In this study, a Plackett-Burman Design (PBD) was adopted to identify key factors of phenol degradation and lipid production using R toruloides 9564T. While temperature, inoculum size, and agitation were significant for both the processes (p < 0.05), pH and incubation were significant for lipid production, and phenol removal, respectively. Results from four factors (pH, temperature, inoculum size, and incubation period) central composite design (CCD) experiment were used to formulate quadratic and genetic algorithm-optimized ANN models. The reduced quadratic model for phenol degradation (R2: 0.993) and lipid production (R2: 0.958) were marginally inferior to ANN models (R2: 0.999, 0.982, respectively) on training sets. Multi-objective optimization with equal importance suggests phenol degradation between 106.4 and 108.76%, and lipid production of 0.864-0.903 g/L, by polynomial and ANN models. Complete phenol degradation (100%) and 3.35-fold increment (0.918 g/L) in lipid production were obtained at pH 6.07, inoculum size 14.68% v/v, at 29.5 °C in 92.17 h experimentally.

Biopolymer-based solutions for enhanced safety and quality assurance: A review.

The improper disposal of petroleum-based plastics has been associated with detrimental environmental consequences, such as the proliferation of microplastic pollution and increased emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Consequently, biopolymers have emerged as a highly regarded alternative due to their environmental-friendly attributes and versatile range of applications. In response to consumer demands for safer food options, sustainable packaging, and escalating environmental concerns, the food sector is increasingly adopting biopolymers. Further, in the recent decade, the usage of active or functional biopolymers has evolved into smart biopolymers that can transmit real-time data to consumers. This review covers key topics such as antimicrobial and biodegradable packaging, edible coatings and films, incorporation of scavengers and bioactive substances that prolong the shelf life and guard against moisture and microbial contamination. The paper also discusses the development of edible cutlery as a sustainable substitute for plastic, the encapsulation of bioactive substances within biopolymers, 3-D food printing for regulated nutrition delivery and thickening and gelling agents that improve food texture and stability. It also discusses the integration of smart polymer functions, demonstrating their importance in guaranteeing food safety and quality, such as biosensing, pH and gas detection, antibacterial characteristics, and time-temperature monitoring. By shedding light on market trends, future scope, and potentialities, this review aims to elucidate the prospects of utilizing biopolymers to address sustainability and quality concerns within the food industry effectively.