Contours et organisations des activités de santé publique au sein des centres hospitaliers universitaires français.

PURPOSE OF RESEARCH: This study, conducted at the initiative of the French academic college of public health, aimed to describe, from the point of view of public health physicians, the outlines and organization of public health activities within French university hospitals. In the first half of 2018, a survey was sent to physicians in charge of public health specialties and to chiefs of public health divisions from the 41 French university hospitals. The survey was supplemented by 10 telephone interviews. RESULTS: Among the 33 hospitals from which we received answers, 28 had a division that encompassed the majority of public health activities, usually combined with other disciplines (occupational medicine, pharmacy…). The existence of a public health division improved the visibility of this specialty and allowed to leverage its strengths. Epidemiology, biostatistics and health information were the most represented activities. Several public health activities were shared with other divisions and directions (healthcare quality and safety, infection control, etc.), due, in part, to a lack of public health physicians. Most respondents cited health promotion, health economics and big data analytics as activities that need to be developed in their institution. CONCLUSION: While most institutions have an identified public health division, their organizations are still heterogeneous and constantly evolving. Despite several difficulties, hospital public health activities are more diversified than before, but need the collaboration of extra hospital public health departments to progress.

Maximum Value of End-Tidal Carbon Dioxide Concentrations during Resuscitation as an Indicator of Return of Spontaneous Circulation in out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest.

Background: The end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) concentration during resuscitation (CPR) of an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) has an increasingly well-known prognostic value. Nevertheless, few studies have investigated its maximum value in different etiologies. Methods: It was a retrospective, observational, multicentre study from the French OHCA Registry. All adult OHCA with a known maximum value of ETCO2 during CPR were included. The primary end-point was to determine the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of the maximum value of ETCO2 during resuscitation for the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Results: Of the 53,048 eligible subjects from 2011 to 2018, ETCO2 was known in 32,249 subjects (61%). Among them, there were 9.2% of traumatic OHCA, 37.7% of suspected cardiac etiology and 16.4% of suspected respiratory etiology. The AUROC of maximum value of ETCO2 during CPR to achieve ROSC was 0.887 95CI [0.875-0.898] in traumatic OHCA, 0.772 95CI [0.765-0.780] in suspected cardiac etiology and 0.802 95CI [0.791-0.812] in suspected respiratory etiology. The threshold with no survivors at d-30 was <10 mmHg for traumatic etiologies and <6 mmHg for suspected cardiac and respiratory causes. The probability of ROSC increased with the value of ETCO2 in the 3 etiologies studied. Conclusions: The maximum value of ETCO2 during OHCA resuscitation was strongly associated with ROSC, especially in the case of a traumatic cause. This suggests that a single elevated ETCO2 value, regardless of time, could help to predict the outcome.

Patient involvement in healthcare workers' practices: how does it operate? A mixed-methods study in a French university hospital.

BACKGROUND: The present challenge for patient involvement is the improvement of healthcare efficiency through a deeper consideration of the patient experience. In hospitals, numerous interventions promoting patient involvement are informally implemented by healthcare workers (HCWs). The first aim of this study was to conduct an overview of hospital HCWs' experiences of the involvement of patients or their representatives. This overview included the involvement of patients in the domains of healthcare provision and support for other patients, healthcare quality and safety improvement, training and research. The second aim was to describe the challenges and conditions for the development of participative interventions by HCWs. METHODS: We conducted a mixed-methods sequential study at Nantes University Hospital from September 2017 to May 2018. To achieve the first aim, we performed a descriptive analysis of quantitative data collected via a questionnaire survey of 1290 HCWs. To achieve the second aim, we conducted a thematic analysis of qualitative data collected via eight semi-structured interviews with HCWs who reported involving patients or their representatives (family and patient association members) in healthcare. RESULTS: Among the 213 survey participants (16.5%), 133 reported a total of 424 participative interventions, mostly in the domains of care quality and safety (37%) and care provision and support (29%). The analysis of the qualitative data evidenced three types of factors determining the implementation of such interventions: the profiles of patients and their representatives, the beliefs and attitudes of HCWs, and organisational factors. While leadership from patients and HCWs was a central element in the development of patient involvement interventions, organisations' capacities to foster a sustainable partnership culture appeared to be the next challenge to promote the patient-as-partner model in health systems. Our results also highlighted numerous benefits of patient and representative involvement for patients and HCWs. CONCLUSIONS: The numerous initiatives reported show that patients and patient representatives participate alongside HCWs in hospitals. It is essential to take into account the facilitating and hindering factors of patient involvement in hospital HCWs' practices for the further development of current initiatives. Additional studies, especially from the point of view of patients, are needed to complement our findings.

[Organization of public health activities within university hospitals in France]. / Contours et organisations des activités de santé publique au sein des centres hospitaliers universitaires français.

Purpose of research: This study, conducted at the initiative of the French academic college of public health, aimed to describe, from the point of view of public health physicians, the outlines and organization of public health activities within French university hospitals. In the first half of 2018, a survey was sent to physicians in charge of public health specialties and to chiefs of public health divisions from the 41 French university hospitals. The survey was supplemented by 10 telephone interviews.Results: Among the 33 hospitals from which we received answers, 28 had a division that encompassed the majority of public health activities, usually combined with other disciplines (occupational medicine, pharmacy…). The existence of a public health division improved the visibility of this specialty and allowed to leverage its strengths. Epidemiology, biostatistics and health information were the most represented activities. Several public health activities were shared with other divisions and directions (healthcare quality and safety, infection control, etc.), due, in part, to a lack of public health physicians. Most respondents cited health promotion, health economics and big data analytics as activities that need to be developed in their institution.Conclusion: While most institutions have an identified public health division, their organizations are still heterogeneous and constantly evolving. Despite several difficulties, hospital public health activities are more diversified than before, but need the collaboration of extra hospital public health departments to progress.

Transcultural adaptation and psychometric study of the French version of the nursing home survey on patient safety culture questionnaire.

BACKGROUND: The Nursing Home Survey on Patient Safety Culture (NHSOPS) questionnaire was developed by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), particularly as an intervention to raise staff awareness about patient safety issues. The main objective of the present study was to provide a validated French-language measure of the safety culture (SC) in nursing homes. Thus the aim was i) to carry out a transcultural adaptation into French of the NHSOPS questionnaire, ii) to assess its psychometric properties in a sample of professionals working in French EHPAD facilities and iii) to develop our own tool. METHODS: The study was carried out on volunteering professionals from 61 nursing homes (from January to March 2016). Two phases were conducted: an initial phase involving the translation and cultural adaptation of the questionnaire, and a second phase in which the psychometric properties of the questionnaire were assessed. A Structural Equation Model (SEM) with a maximum likelihood estimation method was used to evaluate the construct validity of the questionnaire. As the fit of the structure was not sufficient, an exploratory factor analysis using a principal axis factoring with an oblique rotation was then performed. Internal consistency was evaluated and we examined test-retest reliability using Intra-class Correlation Coefficients (ICC). RESULTS: During the initial phase, all items were retained and minor adjustments were made. The participation rate by professionals was 58.4%. The exploratory analysis led to the identification of seven dimensions: Teamwork, Staffing, Compliance with procedures, Handoffs, Feedback and communication about incidents, Supervisor expectations and actions promoting resident safety, Overall perceptions of resident safety and Organizational learning. The SEM confirmed the existence of the seven latent dimensions (CFI = 0.946; TLI = 0.933; SRMR = 0.059; RMSEA = 0.061); internal consistency was acceptable. ICC per item ranged from 0.19 to 0.88. CONCLUSIONS: The results from this study were robust on seven dimensions. This French version is the first on Patient SC to have been applied to the medical-social sector caring for dependent elderly people in France. The NHSOPS questionnaire provides the opportunity to broach this subject. A national evaluation campaign should provide the opportunity to confirm or improve this measure. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT02908373 (September 21, 2016) «Retrospectively registered¼.

Impact at two years of an intervention on empowerment among medical care teams: study protocol of a randomised controlled trial in a large French university hospital.

BACKGROUND: Empowerment of hospital workers is known as a key factor of organizational performance and occupational health. Nevertheless, empowering workers remains a real challenge. As in many traditional organizations, hospitals follow a bureaucratic model defined by a managerial culture of control and a stratified organization, which at once weaken professionals' mastery of their work and hinder their commitment and performance. Based on the existing literature this protocol describes a new managerial and organizational transformation program as well as the study design of its effect on worker empowerment in a large French public hospital. The project is funded by the French Ministry of Health for a total of 498,180 €. METHODS: This study is a randomized controlled trial conducted in a French university hospital complex (CHU). The CHU comprises 12 sub-centers (SC) with about 20 care units and 1000 employees each. Randomization is performed at SC level. The intervention lasts 12 months and combines accompaniment of healthcare teams, frontline managers and SC directors to empower first-line professionals in the experimental SC. Quantitative outcome measurements are collected over 2 years during mandatory check-ups in the occupational medicine department. The primary outcomes are structural and psychological empowerment, motivational processes, managerial practices, working conditions, health and performance. Mixed linear modeling is the primary data analysis strategy. DISCUSSION: The protocol was approved by the CHU health ethics committee. The results of the analysis of the intervention effects will be reported in a series of scientific articles. The results will contribute to reflection on prevention and management policies, and to the development of Workplace Quality-of-Life. If the intervention is a success, the system will warrant replication in other SCs and in other health facilities. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study was retrospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov on July 4, 2019 (NCT04010773).

Refining the medical student safety attitudes and professionalism survey (MSSAPS): adaptation and assessment of patient safety perception of French medical residents.

BACKGROUND: Implementing a patient safety curriculum for medical students requires to identify their needs and current awareness of the topic. Several tools have been developed to measure patient safety culture, but none of them have been developed in the French context. Our objective was to adapt and refine the psychometric properties of the MSSAPS, developed by Liao et al, to use it among general practice (GP) residents. METHODS: 1-We conducted a translation and transcultural adaptation of the MSSAPS questionnaire (28 items, 5 dimensions: safety culture, teamwork culture, experiences with professionalism, error disclosure culture and comfort expressing professional concerns) in accordance with the international recommendations. 2-We studied the new questionnaire' psychometric properties on a sample of GP residency students in 2016. This validation comprised 2 steps: a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) for each dimension of the MSAPPS to explore the adequacy of the structure of the questionnaire; an exploratory factor analysis to refine the instrument, using a principal component analysis and Cronbach's α-coefficients calculation. A final CFA examined the structure validity of the refined questionnaire. 3-We described the items and the safety cultural scores in our sample of residents. RESULTS: Among 391 eligible students, 213 responded (54%). The initial structure was not confirmed by CFAs, showing a poor fit for 3 of the 5 dimensions: safety culture, teamwork culture and professionalism. Exploratory PCA led to 3 dimensions: Safety culture (PVE: 18.5% and 7 of 8 initial items), Experiences with professionalism (PVE: 17.8% and 5 of 7 initial items) and Error disclosure culture (PVE: 13.6% and 3 of 4 original items). Cronbach's α-coefficients were 0.74, 0.78 and 0.76 respectively. The final CFA confirmed the existence of the 3 latent dimensions with a good fit to the and highly significant structural coefficients (P < 0.001). Mean scores were equal to 65.4 [63.6; 67.6] for the safety culture, 66.9 [63.8; 70.1] for the experience with professionalism, and 54.4 [51.6; 57.2] for the error disclosure culture. CONCLUSION: This study reports satisfactory psychometrics properties of the French version of the MSAPPS and provides evidence of important training needs for GP residents in the field of patient safety culture.

Unplanned 30-day readmission rate after ophthalmological surgery as a quality-of-care indicator.

BACKGROUND: The 30-day readmission rate provides a standardised quantitative evaluation of some postoperative complications. It is widely used worldwide in many medical and surgical specialities, and the World Health Organization recommends its use for monitoring healthcare system performance. In ophthalmology, its measurement is biased by the frequent and close planned surgery on one eye and then the other, particularly in the case of cataract surgery. This study measures the 30-day unplanned readmission rate in ophthalmology, globally and by surgery subtype, and describes the causes of readmission. METHODS: All patients readmitted within 30 days of ophthalmic surgery at Nantes University Hospital between January 2017 and December 2020 were identified in the Medical Information System. An ophthalmologist examined each medical record and collected the following data: the reason for readmission, comorbidities, the pathology treated, surgery type, surgery duration, the surgeon's experience, anaesthesia type, severity and readmission morbidity. RESULTS: For the 8522 ophthalmic surgeries performed in the four-year study period, 282 30-day unplanned readmissions were identified. The overall 30-day unplanned readmission rate was 2.07% for elective surgery, with a high variability depending on the surgery type: 0.95% for phacoemulsification, 4.95% for vitreoretinal surgery (3.42% for non-elective vitreoretinal surgery, 5.44% for retinal detachment surgery), 5.66% for deep lamellar keratoplasty and 11.90% for trabeculectomy. The unplanned 30-day readmission rate for ocular trauma surgery (emergency care) was 11.0%. Seven percent of all unplanned 30-day readmissions were not associated with an ophthalmological problem. CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first to report 30-day unplanned readmission in ophthalmology, globally and by surgical subtype, for elective and urgent procedures. This indicator can be used longitudinally to detect an increase in risk or transversely to compare the quality of care between different public or private hospitals.

Accuracy of pulse CO-oximetry to evaluate blood carboxyhemoglobin level: a systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy studies.

Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is one of the most common causes of poisoning death and its diagnosis requires an elevated carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) level. Noninvasive CO saturation by pulse oximetry (SpCO) has been available since 2005 and has the advantage of being portable and easy to use, but its accuracy in determining blood COHb level is controversial. To evaluate the accuracy of SpCO (index test) to estimate COHb (reference test). Systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy (DTA) studies. Four electronic databases were searched (Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and OpenGrey) on 2 August 2022. All studies of all designs published since the 2000s evaluating the accuracy and reliability of SpCO measurement compared to blood COHb levels in human volunteers or ill patients, including children, were included. The primary outcome was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of SpCO for estimating COHb by blood sampling by modeling receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and calculating sensitivity and specificity (primary measures). The secondary measures were to calculate the limits of agreement (LOA) and the mean bias. This systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis-DTA 2018 guidelines and has been registered on International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO, CRD42020177940). The risk of bias was evaluated using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 tool. Twenty-one studies were eligible for the systematic review; 11 could be included for the quantitative analysis of the primary measures and 18 for the secondary measures. No publication bias was found. The area under the summary ROC curve was equal to 86%. The mean sensitivity and specificity were 0.77, 95% confidence interval (CI, 0.66-0.85) and 0.83, 95% CI (0.74-0.89), respectively (2089 subjects and 3381 observations). The mean bias was 0.75% and the LOA was -7.08% to 8.57%, 95% CI (-8.89 to 10.38) (2794 subjects and 4646 observations). Noninvasive measurement of COHb (SpCO) using current pulse CO oximeters do not seem to be highly accurate to estimate blood COHb (moderate sensitivity and specificity, large LOA). They should probably not be used to confirm (rule-in) or exclude (rule-out) CO poisoning with certainty.

A network meta-analysis of therapeutic and prophylactic management of vasospasm on aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage outcomes.

Background: Vasospasm and cerebral ischemia after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage are associated with mortality and poor neurological outcomes. We studied the efficacy of all available strategies targeting vasospasm and cerebral ischemia on outcomes in a network meta-analysis. Methods: We searched EMBASE and MEDLINE databases from 1 January 1990 and 28 November 2021 according to PRISMA guidelines. Randomized controlled trials and longitudinal studies were included. All curative or preventive strategies targeting vasospasm and/or cerebral ischemia were eligible. A network meta-analysis was performed to compare all interventions with one another in a primary (randomized controlled trials only) and a secondary analysis (both trials and longitudinal studies). Mortality by 3 months was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes were vasospasm, neurological outcome by 3 months, and dichotomized as "good" or "poor" recovery according to each study definition. Results: A total of 2,382 studies were screened which resulted in the selection of 192 clinical trials (92 (47.9%) and 100 cohorts (52.1%) and the inclusion of 41,299 patients. In randomized controlled studies, no strategy decreased mortality by 3 months. Statins (0.79 [0.62-1]), tirilazad (0.82 [0.69-0.97]), CSF drainage (0.47 [0.29-0.77]), and clazosentan (0.51 [0.36-0.71]) significantly decreased the incidence of vasospasm. Cilostazol was the only treatment associated with improved neurological outcomes by 3 months in the primary (OR 1.16, 95% CI [1.05-1.28]) and secondary analyses (OR 2.97, 95% CI [1.39-6.32]). Discussion: In the modern era of subarachnoid hemorrhage, all strategies targeting vasospasm failed to decrease mortality. Cilostazol should be confirmed as a treatment to improve neurological outcomes. The link between vasospasm and neurological outcome appears questionable. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=116073, identifier: PROSPERO CRD42018116073.

Peer support impact on therapeutic adherence in patients with multiple sclerosis: a mixed-methods pilot trial protocol.

INTRODUCTION: Patient partnership is a key component of patient-centred care. One form of partnership is individual peer support, which can improve patients' quality of life and adherence to treatment. Patient with multiple sclerosis could benefit from this type of support, but such an intervention has not been explored in the literature.We propose in this article a pilot study protocol to assess the feasibility and acceptability of healthcare-integrated individual peer support, and the feasibility of a large-scale efficacy trial. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The PAIR-SEP study is a mixed-methods pilot clinical trial combining quantitative and qualitative approaches. Sixty patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis undergoing drug therapy from the Neurology centre of Nantes University Hospital (France) will be randomised on a 1:1 ratio to receive either usual care only or usual care combined with peer support (three individual sessions at 1, 3 and 5 months with a peer helper).We will evaluate clinical outcomes in preparation of the large-scale trial: therapeutic adherence 6 months after baseline, therapeutic compliance, quality of life, anxiety and depression, social support. All dimensions will be assessed using validated health questionnaires at baseline and at 6 months.Intervention's acceptability and feasibility will be evaluated using qualitative methods: undirected interviews with patients from the intervention group and separate focus-groups with the peer helpers the healthcare team. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethical approval was obtained from the local ethics committee on 1 October 2022. This study was designed in collaboration with multiple sclerosis peer helpers.The trial findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT05519553.

Social representations of mask wearing in the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Introduction: Although one of the most prominent interventions against COVID-19, face masks seem poorly adopted by the general population. A growing body of literature has found that using face masks has social meaning. This qualitative study assessed the perceptions, representations and practices of mask wearing in the general population. Methods: A qualitative survey by short semi-structured walking interviews was carried out from April to December 2021 in 11 cities in France's Pays de la Loire region. Study locations were selected for their varied geographical, social, and economic characteristics, with urbanized and rural areas. Four domains linked to perceptions of masks and wearing them were explored: (i) evolution in mask wearing, (ii) decision-making methods for wearing and not wearing; (iii) incorporating the mask into way of life; (iv) projecting into the future. Results: A total of 116 people were interviewed. Masks marked a shift from the ordinary world to the pandemic. Overall, interviewees considered masks an obstacle to breathing, communication, and social interactions, leading to establishing strategies circumventing the mask mandate. Poor attention was paid to their medical usefulness as an obligatory clothing accessory. Mask-wearing decisions were driven by social relations, common sense, and vulnerability. The greater the feeling of security (i.e., being with close relatives), the less it was worn or worn properly, with decreased attention to others and their health. Most participants did not remember learning to wear a mask. Some were convinced that mask-wearing could not be learned (experiential knowledge). Institutions (school and work) played a central role by facilitating incorporation of masks into daily life. Conclusions: This study emphasizes the need to reinforce the individual medical values of face masks to prevent COVID-19. Ambitious education and training programmes should be planned to learn how and when to wear masks. Institutions (work and school) may be critical for this purpose.

Continuous Amplitude-Integrated Electroencephalography During Neonatal and Pediatric Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation.

PURPOSE: Early prognostication of neurologic outcome in neonates and children supported with extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is challenging. Amplitude-integrated EEG (aEEG) offers the advantages of continuous monitoring and 24-hours availability at the bedside for intensive care unit providers. The objective of this study was to describe the early electrophysiological background patterns of neonates and children undergoing ECMO and their association with neurologic outcomes. METHODS: This was a retrospective review of neonates and children undergoing ECMO and monitored with aEEG. Amplitude-integrated EEG was summarized as an aEEG background score determined within the first 24 hours of ECMO and divided in 3-hour periods. Screening for electrical seizures was performed throughout the full ECMO duration. Neurologic outcome was defined by the Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category score at hospital discharge. RESULTS: Seventy-three patients (median age 79 days [8-660], median weight 4.78 kg [3.24-10.02]) were included in the analysis. Thirty-two patients had a favorable neurologic outcome and 41 had an unfavorable neurologic outcome group at hospital discharge. A 24-hour aEEG background score >17 was associated with an unfavorable outcome with a sensitivity of 44%, a specificity of 97%, a positive predictive value of 95%, and a negative predictive value of 57%. In multivariate analysis, 24-hour aEEG background score was associated with unfavorable outcome (hazard ratio, 6.1; p = 0.001; 95% confidence interval, 2.31-16.24). The presence of seizures was not associated with neurologic outcome at hospital discharge. CONCLUSIONS: Continuous aEEG provides accurate neurologic prognostication in neonates and children supported with ECMO. Early aEEG monitoring may help intensive care unit providers to guide clinical care and family counseling.

Assessment of Factors Associated With Community-Acquired Extended-Spectrum ß-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Infections in France.

Importance: Extended-spectrum ß-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli is considered a leading pathogen contributing to the global burden of antimicrobial resistance. Objective: To better understand factors associated with the heterogeneity of community-acquired ESBL-producing E coli urinary tract infections (UTIs) in France. Design, Setting, and Participants: This cross-sectional study performed from January 1 to December 31, 2021, was based on data collected via PRIMO (Surveillance and Prevention of Antimicrobial Resistance in Primary Care and Nursing Homes), a nationwide clinical laboratory surveillance system in France. Strains of E coli isolated from community urine samples from January 1 to December 31, 2019, from 59 administrative departments of metropolitan France were included. Main Outcomes and Measures: Quasi-Poisson regression models were used to assess the associations between several ecological factors available on government and administration websites between 2010 and 2020 (demographic population structure, living conditions, baseline health care services, antibiotic consumptions, economic indicators, animal farming density, and environmental characteristics) and the number of ESBL-producing E coli strains isolated from urine samples of individuals with community-acquired UTI in 2019. Results: Among 444 281 E coli isolates from urine samples tested in 1013 laboratories, the mean prevalence of ESBL-producing E coli was 3.0% (range, 1.4%-8.8%). In an adjusted model, the number of community-acquired ESBL-producing E coli UTIs in each department was positively associated with the percentage of children younger than 5 years (adjusted ß1 coefficient, 0.112 [95% CI, 0.040-0.185]; P = .004), overcrowded households (adjusted ß1 coefficient, 0.049 [95% CI, 0.034 to 0.062]; P < .001), consumption of fluoroquinolones (adjusted ß1 coefficient, 0.002 [95% CI, 0.001-0.002]; P < .001), and tetracyclines (adjusted ß1 coefficient, 0.0002 [0.00004 to 0.00039]; P = .02), and poultry density (adjusted ß1 coefficient, 0.0001 [95% CI, 0.0001-0.0002]; P < .001). The social deprivation index (adjusted ß1 coefficient, -0.115 [95% CI, -0.165 to -0.064]; P < .001) and the proportion of water surface area (adjusted ß1 coefficient, -0.052 [-0.081 to -0.024]; P = .001) were negatively associated with a higher number of community-acquired ESBL-producing E coli UTIs. Conclusions and Relevance: The findings of this cross-sectional study suggest that multiple human health, animal health, and environmental factors are associated with the occurence of community-acquired ESBL E coli UTI. Strategies to mitigate ESBL in the community should follow the One Health approach and address the role played by fluoroquinolones, tetracycline use, poultry density, overcrowded households, and preschool-aged children.

Effect of sodium bicarbonate on functional outcome in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a post-hoc analysis of a French and North-American dataset.

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE: No large randomised controlled trial has assessed the potential benefits on neurologic outcomes of prehospital sodium bicarbonate administration in patients with nontraumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). OBJECTIVE: To obtain information of assistance in designing a randomised controlled trial of bicarbonate therapy after OHCA in specific patient subgroups. DESIGN: We conducted two, separate, simultaneous, retrospective studies of two distinct, unlinked datasets. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: One dataset was a French nationwide population-based registry (RéAC Registry, French dataset) and the other was a randomised controlled trial comparing continuous to interrupted chest compressions in North America (ROC-CCC trial, North-American dataset). INTERVENTION: We investigated whether prehospital bicarbonate administration was associated with better neurologic outcomes. OUTCOME MEASURES AND ANALYSES: The main outcome measure was the functional outcome at hospital discharge. To adjust for potential confounders, we conducted a nested propensity-score-matched analysis with inverse probability-of-treatment weighting. MAIN RESULTS: In the French dataset, of the 54 807 patients, 1234 (2.2%) received sodium bicarbonate and 450 were matched. After propensity-score matching, sodium bicarbonate was not associated with a higher likelihood of favourable functional outcomes on day 30 [adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 0.912; 95% confidence interval (95%CI), 0.501-1.655]. In the North-American dataset, of the 23 711 included patients, 4902 (20.6%) received sodium bicarbonate and 1238 were matched. After propensity-score matching, sodium bicarbonate was associated with a lower likelihood of favourable functional outcomes at hospital discharge (aOR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.34-0.58). CONCLUSION: In patients with OHCA, prehospital sodium bicarbonate administration was not associated with neurologic outcomes in a French dataset and was associated with worse neurologic outcomes in a North-American dataset. Given the considerable variability in sodium bicarbonate use by different prehospital care systems and the potential resuscitation-time bias in the present study, a large randomised clinical trial targeting specific patient subgroups may be needed to determine whether sodium bicarbonate has a role in the prehospital management of prolonged OHCA.

Decreasing patient-reported burden of treatment: A systematic review of quantitative interventional studies.

OBJECTIVES: To describe and analyse studies aiming at quantitatively assessing the impact of interventions on patient-reported burden of treatment as an outcome (primary or secondary). METHODS: The aim of the search strategy was to identify all publications describing a medical intervention intended to reduce patient-reported burden of treatment in adult patients with long-term conditions, from January 1, 2008 to July 15, 2019. Four databases (Medline, PsycINFO, the "Trials" section of the Cochrane-Library, and OpenGrey) were searched in English, French, Spanish, Italian and Portuguese. Each identified article was reviewed and the risk of bias was assessed using a tool adapted from the Cochrane Collaboration recommendations. RESULTS: Of 641 articles retrieved, 11 were included in this review. There were nine randomized controlled trials, one non-randomized controlled trial, and one before-and-after study. The sample sizes ranged from 55 to 1,546 patients. Eight out of the eleven studies reported significant positive outcomes of the studied interventions. Reducing dosing frequency, improving background therapy, offering home care or providing easier-to-use medical devices were associated with positive outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Only a few studies have specifically focused on decreasing the subjective burden of treatment. Small trials conducted in patients with a single specific disorder have reported positive outcomes. However, a large, high-quality study assessing the impact of a change in care process in patients with multiple morbidities did not show such results. Further studies are needed to implement this aspect of patient-centred care.

Incidence, criticality and typology of care-related adverse events in nursing homes based on initial epidemiological characteristics and possible prevention measures in France.

Knowledge of care-related adverse events in nursing homes in France is limited. An observational descriptive study was conducted in 25 nursing homes over a period of two weeks between 2016 and 2017. This study aimed to describe types of care-related adverse events and to assess their severity, the frequency with which they occurred, and their criticality. Eighty-six types of care-related adverse events, associated with 13 risk areas, were identified (31 of which were identified by an investigating physician). Of these types of events, 11 corresponded to an unacceptable level of criticality, and 13 were categorised as warranting surveillance. Efforts in nursing homes should focus on the different types of care-related adverse event: loss of or damage to a medical device, failure to administer medication, failure to coordinate between different establishments, shortfalls in planning and continuity of care, shortfalls in the information system, loss of or damage to laundry items, and unauthorised exit from the premises. Broad recommendations on preventing adverse events and improving nursing homes should be the subject of future study.

[Incidence, criticality and typology of care-related adverse event in nursing homes: first French epidemiological characteristics and prevention perspectives]. / Incidence, criticité et typologie des évènements indésirables en Ehpad : premières caractéristiques épidémiologiques françaises et perspectives de prévention.

Knowledge in France on the subject of care-related adverse events in the nursing home sector is sparse. An observational descriptive study was conducted in 25 nursing homes over a period of 2 weeks over periods of two weeks between 2016 and 2017. It aimed to describe the types of care-related adverse event, and to assess their seriousness, frequency of occurrence, and criticality. Eighty-six types of care-related adverse event belonging to 13 risk domains were identified (31 by the investigating physician). Among these types of event, 11 corresponded to an unacceptable level of criticality, and 13 were categorised as warranting surveillance. Efforts in nursing homes should focus on the various types of care-related adverse event: loss of or damage to a medical device; failure to administer a medication; failure to coordinate between structures; shortfalls in planning and care continuity; shortfalls in the information system; loss of or damage to laundry items; unplanned escapade. Recommendations on the main lines of prevention and improvement in nursing homes should be the subject of future study.