Crystal structure of [(2S)-1-[(3S)-3-carboxy-6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetra-hydroisoquinolin-2-yl]-1-oxopropan-2-yl][(2S)-1-ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl]azanium chloride acetonitrile monosolvate.

The title compound (trivial name moexipril hydro-chloride) crystallizes as the aceto-nitrile monosolvate, C27H35N2O7 (+)·Cl(-)·C2H3N, with the salt comprising a U-shaped cation and a chloride anion. The conformation of the cation is stabilized by a weak intra-molecular N(+)-H⋯O hydrogen bond and the tetra-hydro-pyridine ring adopts a boat conformation. The dihedral angle between the planes of the benzene rings is 85.6 (1)°. In the crystal, the cations and anions form tight ionic pairs by strong inter-molecular O-H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds. C-H⋯Cl and C-H⋯N hydrogen bonds link these ionic pairs and the aceto-nitrile solvate mol-ecules into puckered layers parallel to (100).

Assessment of the number and function of macrophages in the placenta of gestational diabetes mellitus patients.

In order to assess the number and function of macrophages in the placenta of pregnancy complicated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) as well as those of normal pregnancies, placenta samples were collected from 15 GDM patients (GDM group) and 10 normal pregnant women (control group). The expression levels of macrophage markers (CD68/CD14) and inflammatory cytokines (IL-6/TNF-α) in placenta were detected using immunohistochemistry and PCR. The results showed that the number of CD68+ or CD14+ cells in the GMD group was remarkably higher than that in the control group (P<0.05), indicating that the number of macrophages in the GDM group was significantly greater than that in the control group. The mRNA expression levels of CD68+, IL-6 and TNF-α were higher in the GMD group than in the control group. In conclusion, more macrophages accumulate in placenta of pregnancy complicated with GDM, and the expression levels of pro-inflammation factors are also increased in GDM pregnancies, suggesting that macrophages and inflammatory mediators (IL-6 and TNF-α) may play an important role in GDM.

Clinical Characteristics and Gene Mutations of Two Families with MODY 3 in Inner Mongolia.

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics and gene mutations of two families with maturity-onset diabetes of the young 3 (MODY 3) in Inner Mongolia. Methods: Fifty-three patients in Inner Mongolia suspected of having MODY 3 were enrolled in this study according to clinical manifestations. Blood samples were collected, and all exons of the HNF1α gene were analyzed; the second-generation DNA of the splicing regions of the gene was determined by direct sequencing. Results: In Family 1, the proband, mother, and uncle all carried the missense heterozygous mutation on exon 2 of the HNF1α gene (c.512G>A, p.Arg171Gln), and both the proband and uncle had MODY 3. In Family 2, the proband, grandfather, father, uncle I, and uncle II all carried a missense mutation on exon 2 (c.391C>t, p.Arg131Trp), and all had MODY 3. The blood glucose control in these patients was stable while they were being treated with oral sulfonylurea hypoglycemic drugs alone or with insulin. Uncle II had serious macrovascular and microvascular complications. Conclusion: Maturity-onset diabetes of the young 3 gene mutations (c.512G>A, p.Arg171Gln) and (c.391C>T, p.Arg131Trp) may be the main pathogenic genes of the two families with MODY 3. The two gene mutations found in this study have not been reported previously in China.

Prevention of vertical hepatitis B transmission by hepatitis B immunoglobulin in the third trimester of pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the possible efficacy of using hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) during the third trimester of pregnancy to prevent intrauterine transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV). METHODS: Of 469 pregnant women testing positive for hepatitis B surface antigens (HBsAg), 126 had hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and 343 did not. RESULTS: There were women who declined to be treated with HBIG in these 2 groups. Among infants born to HBeAg-positive mothers, the rates of those testing positive for HBsAg at birth and at the 6-month visit were significantly lower when the mothers had been treated with HBIG (P<0.05). Among infants born to HBeAg-negative mothers, however, no significant differences were found whether the mothers had been treated or not. Furthermore, all newborns received HBIG treatment and the first dose of a vaccination schedule within 12 h of birth. At the 6-month visit the protective anti-HBs rates were only 32.3% among infants whose mothers were HBeAg-positive and 56.2% among those whose mothers were HBeAg-negative when their mothers had not been treated with HBIG during pregnancy, whereas the corresponding rates were as high as 75.8% and 88.7% when the mothers had been treated. CONCLUSION: Maternal administration of HBIG is effective in preventing intrauterine fetal HBV infection in HBsAg-positive, HBeAg-positive pregnant women and in improving immune response to hepatitis B vaccine in infants born to HBV carriers.

[Determination of galanthamine in bulb of Lycoris radiata by RP-HPLC].

OBJECTIVE: To establish a method for determination of galanthamine in Lycoris radiata. METHOD: HPLC separation was carried on a column of ODS (4.6 mm x 150 mm, 5 microm), with the mobile phase of phosphate buffer (pH = 3-4)-methanol (93:7) at the flow rate of 1.0 mL x min(-1), and the detection wavelength was set at 289 nm. RESULT: Galanthamine revealed linearity within the range of 3-30 microg x mL(-1) (r = 0.9997), the detection limit was 0.3 ng. The average recovery was 99.5% (RSD = 0.5%). CONCLUSION: The method is easy to operate and the results of the determination are accurate, it can be used to evaluate the quality of L. radiata.