Biologic therapy adherence, discontinuation, switching, and restarting among patients with psoriasis in the US Medicare population.

BACKGROUND: Studies indicate adherence to biologics among patients with psoriasis is low, yet little is known about their use in the Medicare population. OBJECTIVE: We sought to investigate real-world utilization patterns in a national sample of Medicare beneficiaries with psoriasis initiating infliximab, etanercept, adalimumab, or ustekinumab. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective claims analysis using 2009 through 2012 100% Medicare Chronic Condition Data Warehouse Part A, B, and D files, with 12-month follow-up after index prescription. Descriptive and multivariate analyses were used to examine rates of and factors associated with biologic adherence, discontinuation, switching, and restarting. RESULTS: We examined 2707 patients initiating adalimumab (40.0%), etanercept (37.9%), infliximab (11.7%), and ustekinumab (10.3%); during 12-month follow-up, 38% were adherent and 46% discontinued treatment, with 8% switching to another biologic and 9% later restarting biologic treatment. Being female and being ineligible for low-income subsidies were associated with increased odds of decreased adherence. Outcomes varied by index biologic. LIMITATIONS: Patient-reported reasons for nonadherence or gaps in treatment are unavailable in claims data. CONCLUSION: Medicare patients initiating biologics for psoriasis had low adherence and high discontinuation rates. Further investigation into reasons for inconsistent utilization, including exploration of patient and provider decision-making and barriers to more consistent treatment, is needed.

Psoriasis in the US Medicare Population: Prevalence, Treatment, and Factors Associated with Biologic Use.

Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory disorder, primarily of the skin. Despite an aging population, knowledge of the epidemiology of psoriasis and its treatments among the elderly is limited. We examined the prevalence of psoriasis and its treatments, with a focus on biologics and identification of factors associated with biologic use, using a nationally representative sample of Medicare beneficiaries in 2011. On the basis of several psoriasis identification algorithms, the claims-based prevalence for psoriasis in the United States ranged from 0.51 to 1.23%. Treatments used for moderate-to-severe psoriasis (phototherapy, oral systemic, or biologic therapies) were received by 27.3% of the total psoriasis sample, of whom 37.2% used biologics. Patients without a Medicare Part D low-income subsidy (LIS) had 70% lower odds of having received biologics than those with LIS (odds ratio 0.30; 95% confidence interval, 0.19-0.46). Similarly, the odds of having received biologics were 69% lower among black patients compared with white patients (0.31; 0.16-0.60). This analysis identified potential financial and racial barriers to receipt of biologic therapies and underscores the need for additional studies to further define the epidemiology and treatment of psoriasis among the elderly.