Current-limiting amplifier for high speed measurement of resistive switching data.

Resistive switching devices, important for emerging memory and neuromorphic applications, face significant challenges related to the control of delicate filamentary states in the oxide material. As a device switches, its rapid conductivity change is involved in a positive feedback process that would lead to runaway destruction of the cell without current, voltage, or energy limitation. Typically, cells are directly patterned on MOS transistors to limit the current, but this approach is very restrictive as the necessary integration limits the materials available as well as the fabrication cycle time. In this article, we propose an external circuit to cycle resistive memory cells, capturing the full transfer curves while driving the cells in a way that suppresses runaway transitions. Using this circuit, we demonstrate the acquisition of 105 I, V loops per second without using on-wafer current limiting transistors. This setup brings voltage sweeping measurements to a relevant timescale for applications and enables many new experimental possibilities for device evaluation in a statistical context.

Fat Watch: a nationwide campaign in The Netherlands to reduce fat intake--process evaluations.

Fat Watch was a four-year campaign carried out in cooperation with retailers and industry, aiming at a reduction of fat consumption by 10% among the Dutch population. Mass media and supermarkets were the main conveyers of the message. Supermarkets participated well in the first (53%) and in the third year (51%), but to a lesser extent in the second year (36%). Campaign awareness in the target group (household shoppers for food) was relatively high in the first year (60%), but dropped in the next two years (40% and 32%, respectively). Combined with prominent mass media messages and with promotional activities of food products by suppliers, supermarkets seem a good channel for dissemination of nutrition information. Fat Watch has proved that cooperation of governmental, industrial and retail organizations for several years with respect to nutrition education activities is possible in the Netherlands.

[Historical monograph of the Ateneo Odontológico Mexicano]. / Monografía histórica del Ateneo Odontológico Mexicano.

This monograph is focused on the role the study group (as an instrument for professional improvement) has played in the development of Mexican Odontology. Today, it still is the most factible alternative for the one who does not wish to be relegated with regards to odontological innovations. Since the first professional societies emerged last century, they had the nature of study groups. And although their aspirations were nationwide, they gave the profession one of the most valuable means of information to the dentist of that time: the scientific magazine. From these societies (study groups) the idea of forming the first Dental School in the Mexican Republic in 1904 originated and crystallized. In the 1930's, societies of specialties appeared in the Mexican Republic working from that moment on as study groups. They are responsible for directing scientific information to the dental population in general, even stepping out of the subject-matter pertaining to their own area. These Associations were: Orthodontics and Buccal Surgery. In 1945, the Dental Study Group U.S.C. of Mexico appeared as a formal study group. Since then, this group offers the dental profession a seminar that is the second oldest Dental Seminar worldwide. One of the merits of the group was to initiate this type of education which spread throughout the Mexican Republic giving rise to the formation of new study groups. In 1966, the Ateneo Odontológico Mexicano was created, and the mystic of its formation, politics and performance are described in this monograph.