Inhibition of invasive plant Mikania micrantha rapid growth by host-specific rust (Puccinia spegazzinii).

Mikania micrantha Kunth is a fast-growing global invasive weed species that causes severe damage to natural ecosystems and very large economic losses of forest and crop production. Although Puccinia spegazzinii can effectively inhibit the growth of M. micrantha and is used as a biological control strain in many countries, the mechanism of inhibiting the growth of M. micrantha is not clear. Here, we used a combination of phenotypic, enzyme activity, transcriptomic, and metabolomic approaches to study the response of M. micrantha after infection by P. spegazzinii. In the early stages of rust infection, jasmonic acid (JA), jasmonoyl-isoleucine (JA-Ile), and salicylic acid (SA) levels in infected leaves were significantly lower than those in uninfected leaves. In teliospore initial and developed stages of P. spegazzinii, JA and JA-Ile levels substantially increased by more than 6 times, which resulted in a significant decrease in the accumulation of defense hormone SA in infected leaves of M. micrantha. The contents of plant growth-promoting hormones were significantly reduced in the infected plants as a result of substantial downregulation of the expression of key genes related to hormone biosynthesis. Furthermore, rust infection led to high levels of reactive oxygen species in chloroplasts and the destruction of chlorophyll structure, which also led to decreased photosynthetic gene expression, net photosynthetic rate, activity of Rubisco, and levels of important organic acids in the Calvin cycle. We hypothesized that after P. spegazzinii infection, JA or JA-Ile accumulation not only inhibited SA levels to promote rust infection and development, but also impeded the rapid growth of M. micrantha by affecting plant growth hormones, carbon, and nitrogen metabolic pathways.

Chromosome-level genome of black cutworm provides novel insights into polyphagy and seasonal migration in insects.

BACKGROUND: The black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon, is a serious global underground pest. Its distinct phenotypic traits, especially its polyphagy and ability to migrate long distances, contribute to its widening distribution and increasing difficulty of control. However, knowledge about these traits is still limited. RESULTS: We generated a high-quality chromosome-level assembly of A. ipsilon using PacBio and Hi-C technology with a contig N50 length of ~ 6.7 Mb. Comparative genomic and transcriptomic analyses showed that detoxification-associated gene families were highly expanded and induced after insects fed on specific host plants. Knockout of genes that encoded two induced ABC transporters using CRISPR/Cas9 significantly reduced larval growth rate, consistent with their contribution to host adaptation. A comparative transcriptomic analysis between tethered-flight moths and migrating moths showed expression changes in the circadian rhythm gene AiCry2 involved in sensing photoperiod variations and may receipt magnetic fields accompanied by MagR and in genes that regulate the juvenile hormone pathway and energy metabolism, all involved in migration processes. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides valuable genomic resources for elucidating the mechanisms involved in moth migration and developing innovative control strategies.

A chromosome-level genome assembly of the beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua.

BACKGROUND: The beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua is a polyphagous caterpillar that causes serious damage to many species of crops and vegetables. To gain insight into how this polyphagous insect differs from less harmful oligophagous species, we generated a chromosome-level assembly and compared it to closely related species with the same or different feeding habits. RESULTS: Based on Illumina and Pacific Biosciences data and Hi-C technology, 425.6 Mb of genome sequences were anchored and oriented into 31 linkage groups, with an N50 length of 14.8 Mb. A total of 24,649 gene models were predicted, of which 97.4% were identified in the genome assembly. Chemosensory genes are vital for locating food: of the four main families, odorant-binding proteins, chemosensory proteins and olfactory receptors showed little difference, whereas gustatory receptors are greatly expanded in S. exigua. Examination of other polyphagous insects confirmed this difference from oligophagous congeners and further identified the bitter receptor subfamily as being particularly affected. CONCLUSION: Our high-quality genome sequence for beet armyworm identified a key expansion of the bitter gustatory receptor subfamily in this and other pests that differs crucially from more benign relatives and offers insight into the biology and possible future means of control for these economically important insects.

Influence of Social Distance on Foreign Language Effect in Moral Judgment.

Previous research has shown that moral choice depends on language, a phenomenon known as the moral foreign language effect (mFLE). The current study examines the influence of social distance on the mFLE. In Experiment 1, 200 participants were randomly assigned to either close or distant social distance in English or Chinese. In Experiment 2, 188 participants were randomly assigned to either English or Chinese and were presented with eight moral dilemmas, each with five different levels of social distance. After reading the dilemma, participants made a choice on a binary scale (Yes/No) in both Experiments 1 and 2 or on a more sensitive 100-point scale in Experiment 2. The results showed that the mFLE was present in distant social distance but absent in close social distance. Finally, a meta-analysis of the results from both studies confirmed the effect of social distance on the mFLE. These findings demonstrate that social distance might play an important role in moderating the mFLE in moral judgment.

Foldback-crRNA-Enhanced CRISPR/Cas13a System (FCECas13a) Enables Direct Detection of Ultrashort sncRNA.

The CRISPR/Cas13a system has promising applications in clinical small noncoding RNA (sncRNA) detection because it is free from the interference of genomic DNA. However, detecting ultrashort sncRNAs (less than 20 nucleotides) has been challenging because the Cas13a nuclease requires longer crRNA-target RNA hybrids to be activated. Here, we report the development of a foldback-crRNA-enhanced CRISPR/Cas13a (FCECas13a) system that overcomes the limitations of the current CRISPR/Cas13a system in detecting ultrashort sncRNAs. The FCECas13a system employs a 3'-terminal foldback crRNA that hybridizes with the target ultrashort sncRNA, forming a double strand that "tricks" the Cas13a nuclease into activating the HEPN structural domain and generating trans-cleavage activity. The FCECas13a system can accurately detect miRNA720 (a sncRNA currently known as tRNA-derived small RNA), which is only 17 nucleotides long and has a concentration as low as 15 fM within 20 min. This FCECas13a system opens new avenues for ultrashort sncRNA detection with significant implications for basic biological research, disease prognosis, and molecular diagnosis.

Childhood modifiable risk factors and later life chronic kidney disease: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Relationships between adulthood modifiable risk factors and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are well-established, but associations with childhood risk factors are unclear. This study systematically assesses the published evidence about childhood modifiable risk factors and adulthood CKD. METHODS: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science to 6th May 2022. Articles were included if (1) they were population-based longitudinal studies, (2) exposures were potentially modifiable, for example through pharmacological or lifestyle modifications, including clinical conditions/measures (diabetes, blood pressure, adiposity, and dyslipidaemia); health behaviours (smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, fitness, and poor nutrition); and socio-economic factors (socio-economic position), and occurred during childhood (ages 2-19 years), and (3) outcome was CKD or surrogate markers of CKD in adulthood (ages 20 years or older). Three reviewers independently extracted the data. RESULTS: 15,232 articles were identified after deduplication; 17 articles met the inclusion criteria, reporting childhood blood pressure (n = 8), adiposity (n = 4), type 2 diabetes (n = 1), socio-economic position (n = 1), famine (n = 1), cardiorespiratory fitness (n = 1), and a healthy lifestyle score (n = 1). The results suggested positive associations of childhood adiposity, type 2 diabetes, and low socio-economic position and cardiorespiratory fitness in females with CKD in adulthood. Findings were inconsistent on associations between childhood BP and CKD in adulthood. Childhood healthy lifestyle score and exposure to famine were not associated with risk of CKD in adulthood. CONCLUSIONS: The limited evidence suggests childhood factors may contribute to the CKD risk in adulthood, particularly adiposity, type 2 diabetes, and low socio-economic position and cardiorespiratory fitness in females. Further high-quality community-based studies are needed with long-term follow-up and investigation of a broader range of modifiable risk factors.

Investigation of Immune Responses in Giant African Snail, Achatina immaculata, against a Two-Round Lipopolysaccharide Challenge.

As one of the 100 most-threatening invasive alien species, the giant African snail (Achatina immaculata) has successfully invaded and established itself in most areas of southern China. Protection against recurrent pathogen infections is vital to biological invasion. Enhanced immune protection has been previously found in other invertebrates, but not in the unique immune system of the giant African snail. In the present study, the survival rate of the giant African snail was recorded following a second infection with lethal doses of Escherichia coli after a previous first injection using lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and the mechanism of immune enhancement was investigated by examining the cellular and transcriptomic response of the giant African snail after two successive stimuli using LPS. Snails injected first with LPS, sterilized physiologic (0.9%) saline (SPS), phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or untreated (Blank) were rechallenged at 7d with E. coli (Ec), and were named as LPS + Ec, SPS + Ec, PBS + Ec, Ec, and Blank. The log-rank test shows the survival rate of the LPS + Ec group as significantly higher than that of other control groups after the second injection (p < 0.05). By performing cell counting and BrdU labeling on newly generated circulating hemocytes, we found that the total hemocyte count (THC) and the ratio of BrdU-positive cells to total cells increased significantly after primary stimulation with LPS and that they further increased after the second challenge. Then, caspase-3 of apoptosis protease and two antioxidant enzyme activities (CAT and SOD) increased significantly after infection, and were significantly higher in the second response than they had been in the first round. Moreover, transcriptome analysis results showed that 84 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were expressed at higher levels in both the resting and activating states after the second immune response compared to the levels observed after the first challenge. Among them, some DEGs, including Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and its downstream signaling molecules, were verified using qRT-PCR and were consistent with the transcriptome assay results. Based on gene expression levels, we proposed that these genes related to the TLR signaling cascade participate in enhanced immune protection. All results provide evidence that enhanced immune protection exists in the giant African snail.

Clonal relationship and alcohol consumption-associated mutational signature in synchronous hypopharyngeal tumours and oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: The patients with dual oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and hypopharyngeal cancer (HPC) have poor prognosis; their underlying genetic pathogenesis is unclear. We hypothesise that development of synchronous ESCC/HPC depends on multicentricity or independent origin, rather than multifocality due to local or lateral spreading. METHOD: Multiple region whole-exome sequencing (M-WES) and clonality analysis were used to assess clonal relationship and spatial inter- or intra-tumour heterogeneity (ITH) in 62 tumour regions from eight dual ESCC/HPC and ten ESCC patients. RESULTS: All synchronous ESCC/HPC patients had COSMIC 16 mutation signatures, compared to only 40% ESCC in the current study (p = 0.013) and public data set (n = 165, p = 0.003). This alcohol consumption-related mutation signature 16, commonly involved in multiple alcohol-related cancers, was significantly associated with drinking and alcohol metabolism-related ADH1B rs1229984. The mutational landscape and copy number profiles were completely distinct between the two primary tumours; clonality analysis further suggested the two primary tumours shared no or only one clone accompanying independent subclone evolution. M-WES strategy demonstrated higher sensitivity and accuracy for detection of mutational prevalence and the late branch mutations among different regions in the ESCC tumours, compared to traditional sequencing analysis based on single biopsy strategy. Patients with high ITH assessed by cancer cell fraction analysis after M-WES were significantly associated with both relapse and survival. CONCLUSIONS: Our hypothesis-generating M-WES ITH assessment data have implications for prognostication. Collectively, our findings support multicentric independent clonal evolution, the field cancerisation theory, and suggest novel insights implicating an aetiologic role of alcohol metabolism in dual ESCC/HPC carcinogenesis.

High-Selectivity Single-Nucleotide Variant Capture Technology Based on the DNA Reaction Network.

The extremely low abundance of circulating tumor DNA in blood samples has limited the development of liquid biopsy techniques for the early diagnosis of major diseases. In this study, we demonstrate a DRN-based screening technique, SCREEN, which achieves the specific capture and enrichment of low abundance SNV nucleic acid samples without selective amplification. The SCREEN technique achieved a 108-fold increase in the abundance of single-nucleotide variant (SNV) nucleic acids from highly homologous mixtures (from 0.01% to 1.08%) and has been shown to significantly increase the abundance of SNV nucleic acids from 0.1% to 51% further through two rounds of capture. As a highly effective pre-enrichment technique, SCREEN has demonstrated the ability to enhance NGS in detecting an ultralow abundance SNV nucleic acid powerfully and has high compatibility with existing molecular diagnostic methods.

Exploration of natural flavones' bioactivity and bioavailability in chronic inflammation induced-type-2 diabetes mellitus.

Diabetes, being the most widespread illness, poses a serious threat to global public health. It seems that inflammation plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of diabetes. This review aims to demonstrate a probable link between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and chronic inflammation during its development. Additionally, the current review examined the bioactivity of natural flavones and the possible molecular mechanisms by which they influence diabetes and inflammation. While natural flavones possess remarkable anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory bioactivities, their therapeutic use is limited by the low oral bioavailability. Several factors contribute to the low bioavailability, including poor water solubility, food interaction, and unsatisfied metabolic behaviors, while the diseases (diabetes, inflammation, etc.) causing even less bioavailability. Throughout the years, different strategies have been developed to boost flavones' bioavailability, including structural alteration, biological transformation, and innovative drug delivery system design. This review addresses current advancements in improving the bioavailability of flavonoids in general, and flavones in particular. Clinical trials were also analyzed to provide insight into the potential application of flavonoids in diabetes and inflammatory therapies.

Effect of Solanum lyratum Polysaccharide on Malignant Behaviors of Lung Cancer Cells by Regulating the Circ_UHRF1/miR-513b-5p Axis.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of Solanum lyratum polysaccharide on the malignant behavior of lung cancer cells and its possible mechanism. For this purpose, lung cancer A549 cells were cultured in vitro and treated with different doses (0.4, 0.8, 1.2 mg/mL) of Solanum lyratum polysaccharide for 24 h. Then cell proliferation was detected by the CCK-8 method and clone formation test. Transwell test was used to detect cell migration and invasion, and flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis. The protein expressions of Bax and Bcl-2 in cells were detected by Western blotting, and the protein expressions of circ_UHRF1 and miR-513b-5p were detected by the qRT-PCR method. Pearson correlation was used to analyze the correlation between circ_UHRF1 and miR-513b-5p expressions in lung cancer tissues. Results showed that compared with the control group, the proliferation inhibition rate and apoptosis rate of A549 cells that intervened with the Solanum lyratum polysaccharide and expression of Bax protein in the cells were all increased (P<0.05), but the number of clones, migration and invasion and the protein expression of Bcl-2 were all decreased (P<0.05), and were dose-dependent. The expression of circ_UHRF1 in A549 cells that intervened with the S. lyratum polysaccharide was decreased (P<0.05), but the expression of miR-513b-5p was increased (P<0.05). The expression of circ_UHRF1 in lung cancer tissues was higher than that of adjacent tissues (P<0.05), and the expression of miR-513b-5p was lower than that of adjacent tissues (P<0.05). The expressions of circ_UHRF1 and miR-513b-5p in lung cancer tissues were negatively correlated (r=-0.861, P<0.05). Circ_UHRF1 could target miR-513b-5p, and the expression of miR-513b-5p in A549 cells knocking down circ_UHRF1 was increased. After knocking down circ_UHRF1, the proliferation inhibition rate and apoptosis rate of A549 cells and protein expression of Bax in the cells were all increased (P<0.05), but the number of clones, migration and invasion and the protein expression of Bcl-2 were all decreased (P<0.05). Up-regulation of circ_UHRF1 reduced the effects of S. lyratum polysaccharide on the proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis of A549 cells. In general, S. lyratum polysaccharide could inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of lung cancer A549 cells, and induce cell apoptosis. Its mechanism may be related to the regulation of the circ_UHRF1/miR-513b-5p axis.

Associations of a healthy lifestyle score from childhood to adulthood with subclinical kidney damage in midlife: a population-based cohort study.

BACKGROUND: The relationships of healthy lifestyle scores (HLS) of various kinds in adulthood with the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) have been reported, but little is known about the association of childhood lifestyle with later life CKD. This study examined the relationship of HLS from childhood to adulthood with subclinical kidney damage (SKD) in midlife, a surrogate measure for CKD. METHODS: Data were collected in an Australian population-based cohort study with 33 years follow-up. 750 participants with lifestyle information collected in childhood (ages 10-15 years) and midlife (ages 40-50 years), and measures of kidney function in midlife were included. The HLS was generated from the sum scores of five lifestyle factors (body mass index, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and diet). Each factor was scored as poor (0 point), intermediate (1 point), or ideal (2 points). Log-binomial regression was used to investigate the relationship of HLS in childhood and from childhood to adulthood with SKD defined as either 1) estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 30-60 mL/min/1.73m2 or 2) eGFR> 60 mL/min/1.73m2 with urine albumin-creatinine ratio ≥ 2.5 mg/mmol (males) or 3.5 mg/mmol (females), adjusting for socio-demographic factors and the duration of follow-up. RESULTS: The average HLS was 6.6 in childhood and 6.5 in midlife, and the prevalence of SKD was 4.9% (n = 36). Neither HLS in childhood nor HLS from childhood to adulthood were significantly associated with the risk of SKD in midlife. CONCLUSIONS: A HLS from childhood to adulthood did not predict SKD in this middle-aged, population-based Australian cohort.

Powering bioanalytical applications in biomedicine with light-responsive Janus micro-/nanomotors.

Possessing both unique asymmetric structures and remote-controlled active movement, light-responsive Janus micro-/nanomotors offer the possibility of breaking through the limitations of traditional biomedicine, and have fascinated and inspired researchers. Despite many obstacles toward the clinical application, impressive progress of light-responsive Janus micro-/nanomotors for bioanalytical applications has been made over the past decades. In this review, we first briefly introduced several main light-driven Janus micro-/nanomotors, then focused on their typical bioanalytical applications such as biosensing, bioimaging, and theranostic. In the end, we summarized the remaining challenges of light-responsive Janus micro-/nanomotors in the practical application and also proposed potential solutions in the future.

Ultra-Trace Protein Detection by Integrating Lateral Flow Biosensor with Ultrasound Enrichment.

Lateral flow biosensor (LFB) is one of the most successful and applied commercial detection methods for food safety, drug abuse, and disease. Here, we integrated the ultrasound enrichment as sample preparation with LFB to achieve the ultra-trace protein detection in blood. When the ultrasound field is applied, the interaction between the acoustic field and gold nanoparticles can gather specifically modified gold nanoparticles toward pressure nodes in seconds and enrich target proteins. Such an approach can detect protein with a linear range of 1-20 ng mL-1 and detection limit of 0.58 ng mL-1 in blood within 20 min, which enormously reduces false positive readings caused by interference in real blood samples with complex components. Such a microchip that integrated acoustic enrichment with LFB shows great potential in detecting ultra-trace biomarkers for clinical diagnosis.

Recent advances and challenges of biosensing in point-of-care molecular diagnosis.

Molecular diagnosis, which plays a major role in infectious disease screening with successful understanding of the human genome, has attracted more attention because of the outbreak of COVID-19 recently. Since point-of-care testing (POCT) can expand the application of molecular diagnosis with the benefit of rapid reply, low cost, and working in decentralized environments, many researchers and commercial institutions have dedicated tremendous effort and enthusiasm to POCT-based biosensing for molecular diagnosis. In this review, we firstly summarize the state-of-the-art techniques and the construction of biosensing systems for POC molecular diagnosis. Then, the application scenarios of POCT-based biosensing for molecular diagnosis were also reviewed. Finally, several challenges and perspectives of POC biosensing for molecular diagnosis are discussed. This review is expected to help researchers deepen comprehension and make progresses in POCT-based biosensing field for molecular diagnosis applications.

The physicochemical properties and stability of flaxseed oil emulsions: effects of emulsification methods and the ratio of soybean protein isolate to soy lecithin.

BACKGROUND: The properties and stability of emulsion rely greatly on the emulsification method and emulsifier. In this study, different emulsification methods (high-speed homogenization, ultrasonic treatment and their combination) were employed for the preparation of emulsions stabilized by soybean protein isolate (SPI) and soy lecithin (SLT) at three ratios. The microstructure, hydrodynamic average diameter, ζ-potential, creaming stability and low-field nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation behaviors of emulsions were investigated. RESULTS: The results indicated that the influence of emulsification method was closely related to the ratio of SPI/SLT. Overall, the SPI-SLT-stabilized emulsion treated by ultrasound showed better stability and uniformity, while the combined treatment of high-speed homogenization and ultrasound was helpful in improving the uniformity and stability of SPI-stabilized Pickering emulsion. However, the SLT-stabilized emulsions all exhibited worse uniformity in terms of particle size distribution and polydispersity index. CONCLUSION: These results will be helpful for selecting an appropriate emulsification method and emulsifier to improve the stability of emulsions. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.

Integrated Ultrasonic Aggregation-Induced Enrichment with Raman Enhancement for Ultrasensitive and Rapid Biosensing.

Enrichment and enhancement are two important aspects of ultratrace biomolecule recognition in complex biological samples. Here we integrate acoustic aggregation of modified Au nanorods with Raman enhancement for all-in-one ultratrace rapid biomolecule detection in one microliter solution. Arising from the interaction between individual nanoparticles and the acoustic field, the aggregation of Au nanorods results in rapid migration of specifically modified Au nanorods toward pressure node in a few seconds and accompanies the enrichment of specific biomolecular. As a proof concept, rapid and sensitive surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection of nucleic acids (10-13 M) in microliter-scale (10-6 L) sample is achieved. Such an approach integrates ultrasonic aggregation-induced enrichment (uAIE) with Raman enhancement, holding considerable promise for efficient, sensitive, and rapid on-chip detection of ultratrace biomarkers in a clinical sample solution.

Pregnane X Receptor Regulates Liver Size and Liver Cell Fate by Yes-Associated Protein Activation in Mice.

Activation of pregnane X receptor (PXR), a nuclear receptor that controls xenobiotic and endobiotic metabolism, is known to induce liver enlargement, but the molecular signals and cell types responding to PXR-induced hepatomegaly remain unknown. In this study, the effect of PXR activation on liver enlargement and cell change was evaluated in several strains of genetically modified mice and animal models. Lineage labeling using AAV-Tbg-Cre-treated Rosa26EYFP mice or Sox9-CreERT , Rosa26EYFP mice was performed and Pxr-null mice or AAV Yap short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-treated mice were used to confirm the role of PXR or yes-associated protein (YAP). Treatment with selective PXR activators induced liver enlargement and accelerated regeneration in wild-type (WT) and PXR-humanized mice, but not in Pxr-null mice, by increase of cell size, induction of a regenerative hybrid hepatocyte (HybHP) reprogramming, and promotion of hepatocyte and HybHP proliferation. Mechanistically, PXR interacted with YAP and PXR activation induced nuclear translocation of YAP. Blockade of YAP abolished PXR-induced liver enlargement in mice. Conclusion: These findings revealed a function of PXR in enlarging liver size and changing liver cell fate by activation of the YAP signaling pathway. These results have implications for understanding the physiological functions of PXR and suggest the potential for manipulation of liver size and liver cell fate.

Contribution of rescue in-vitro maturation versus double ovarian stimulation in ovarian stimulation cycles of poor-prognosis women.

RESEARCH QUESTION: Maximizing the number of oocytes and embryos obtained in the shortest possible time is of considerable potential clinical significance for women with poor prognosis. The aim of this study was to develop a clinically applicable strategy to obtain more oocytes and viable embryos in one menstrual cycle for poor-prognosis women. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study of 146 women with poor prognosis who received rescue in-vitro maturation (IVM) (n = 50) or double ovarian stimulation (DuoStim) (n = 96) between December 2015 and February 2018. Outcomes, number of oocytes retrieved and matured, and embryo developmental potential were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The rates of mature oocytes, available embryos and top-quality embryos from luteal phase stimulation (LPS) of DuoStim were all significantly higher than those derived from the immature oocytes of rescue IVM (P < 0.05). The relative contributions of LPS in the DuoStim group for proportion of mature oocytes, available embryos and top-quality embryos were all significantly higher than IVM in the rescue IVM group (P < 0.001). The overall cancellation rate of no oocyte or available embryo significantly decreased from 30.21% to 9.38% (P < 0.001) when DuoStim was carried out, which decreased from 24.00% to 12.00% with no significant difference in the rescue IVM group when immature sibling oocytes were matured in vitro. CONCLUSION: Rescue IVM and DuoStim can contribute more competent oocytes and viable embryos in the shortest possible time for poor-prognosis women, of which DuoStim may be more efficient.

Incidence and mortality of new-onset glucose disorders in peritoneal dialysis patients in China: a meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Dialysis patients are at high risk of developing glucose metabolism disturbances (GMDs), such as diabetes mellitus (DM), impaired fast glucose (IFG), and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). However, it is unclear about the incidence of GMDs in Chinese patients with peritoneal dialysis (PD), as well as the influence of new-onset DM (NODM) on the prognosis of PD patients. Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis to address these issues. METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, SinoMed, and CNKI database for studies that evaluated the incidence of GMDs and mortality in patients with PD. Results were expressed as hazard ratio (HR), risk ratio (RR), or estimate (ES) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs).Meta-analysis was performed using a fixed-effects or random-effects model to pool the estimate. RESULTS: Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this meta-analysis. Pooled results showed that, the incidences of NODM, NOIGT, and NOIFG were 12% (95%CI: 9, 15%; P < 0.001), 17% (95%CI: 4, 10%; P < 0.001) and 32% (95%CI: 3, 30%, P < 0.001), respectively. Compared with patients without NODM, PD patients with NODM had an increased risk of mortality (HR = 1.59, 95%CI: 1.28, 1.98; P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the incidence of NODM between PD and hemodialysis (HD) patients (RR = 1.23, 95%CI: 0.61, 2.51; P = 0.562). CONCLUSION: Dialysis patients in China had an increased risk of developing GMDs, however, the dialysis modality did not have any significant impact on the incidence of NODM. NODM increased the mortality risk in patients undergoing PD. Thus, physicians should pay attention to the plasma glucose level in patients undergoing dialysis.