SMMP: A Deep-Coverage Marine Metaproteome Method for Microbial Community Analysis throughout the Water Column Using 1 L of Seawater.

Marine microbes drive pivotal transformations in planetary-scale elemental cycles and have crucial impacts on global biogeochemical processes. Metaproteomics is a powerful tool for assessing the metabolic diversity and function of marine microbes. However, hundreds of liters of seawater are required for normal metaproteomic analysis due to the sparsity of microbial populations in seawater, which poses a substantial challenge to the widespread application of marine metaproteomics, particularly for deep seawater. Herein, a sensitive marine metaproteomics workflow, named sensitive marine metaproteome analysis (SMMP), was developed by integrating polycarbonate filter-assisted microbial enrichment, solid-phase alkylation-based anti-interference sample preparation, and narrow-bore nanoLC column for trace peptide separation and characterization. The method provided more than 8500 proteins from 1 L of bathypelagic seawater samples, which covered diverse microorganisms and crucial functions, e.g., the detection of key enzymes associated with the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway. Then, we applied SMMP to investigate vertical variations in the metabolic expression patterns of marine microorganisms from the euphotic zone to the bathypelagic zone. Methane oxidation and carbon monoxide (CO) oxidation were active processes, especially in the bathypelagic zone, which provided a remarkable energy supply for the growth and proliferation of heterotrophic microorganisms. In addition, marker protein profiles detected related to ammonia transport, ammonia oxidation, and carbon fixation highlighted that Thaumarchaeota played a critical role in primary production based on the coupled carbon-nitrogen process, contributing to the storage of carbon and nitrogen in the bathypelagic regions. SMMP has low microbial input requirements and yields in-depth metaproteome analysis, making it a prospective approach for comprehensive marine metaproteomic investigations.

Associations of Ambient Particulate Matter with Maternal Thyroid Autoimmunity and Thyroid Function in Early Pregnancy.

This prospective birth cohort study evaluated the association of exposure to PM2.5 (diameter ≤2.5 µm), PM1-2.5 (1-2.5 µm), and PM1 (≤1 µm) with maternal thyroid autoimmunity and function during early pregnancy. A total of 15,664 pregnant women were included at 6 to 13+6 gestation weeks in China from 2018 to 2020. Single-pollutant models using generalized linear models (GLMs) showed that each 10 µg/m3 increase in PM2.5 and PM1-2.5 was related with 6% (odds ratio [OR] = 1.06, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01, 1.12) and 15% (OR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.22) increases in the risk of thyroid autoimmunity, respectively. The odds of thyroid autoimmunity significantly increased with each interquartile range increase in PM2.5 and PM1-2.5 exposure (P for trend <0.001). PM1 exposure was not significantly associated with thyroid autoimmunity. GLM with natural cubic splines demonstrated that increases in PM2.5 and PM1-2.5 exposure were associated with lower maternal FT4 levels, while a negative association between PM1 and FT4 levels was found when exposure exceeded 32.13 µg/m3. Only PM2.5 exposure was positively associated with thyrotropin (TSH) levels. Our findings suggest that high PM exposure is associated with maternal thyroid disruption during the early pregnancy.

Preoperative pain sensitivity and its correlation with postoperative acute and chronic pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Preoperative pain sensitivity (PPS) can be associated with postsurgical pain. However, estimates of this association are scarce. Confirming this correlation is essential to identifying patients at high risk for severe postoperative pain and for developing analgesic strategy. This systematic review and meta-analysis summarises PPS and assessed its correlation with postoperative pain. METHODS: PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and PsycINFO were searched up to October 1, 2023, for studies reporting the association between PPS and postsurgical pain. Two authors abstracted estimates of the effect of each method independently. A random-effects model was used to combine data. Subgroup analyses were performed to investigate the effect of pain types and surgical procedures on outcomes. RESULTS: A total of 70 prospective observational studies were included. A meta-analysis of 50 studies was performed. Postoperative pain was negatively associated with pressure pain threshold (PPT; r=-0.15, 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.23 to -0.07]) and electrical pain threshold (EPT; r=-0.28, 95% CI -0.42 to -0.14), but positively correlated with temporal summation of pain (TSP; r=0.21, 95% CI 0.12-0.30) and Pain Sensitivity Questionnaire (PSQ; r=0.25, 95% CI 0.13-0.37). Subgroup analysis showed that only TSP was associated with acute and chronic postoperative pain, whereas PPT, EPT, and PSQ were only associated with acute pain. A multilevel (three-level) meta-analysis showed that PSQ was not associated with postoperative pain. CONCLUSIONS: Lower PPT and EPT, and higher TSP are associated with acute postoperative pain while only TSP is associated with chronic postoperative pain. Patients with abnormal preoperative pain sensitivity should be identified by clinicians to adopt early interventions for effective analgesia. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW PROTOCOL: PROSPERO (CRD42023465727).

Development of genetic markers in Yarrowia lipolytica.

The oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica represents a potential microbial cell factory for the recombinant production of various valuable products. Currently, the commonly used selection markers for transformation in Y. lipolytica are limited, and successive genetic manipulations are often restricted by the number of available selection markers. In our study, we developed a dominant marker, dsdA, which encodes a D-serine deaminase for genetic manipulation in Y. lipolytica. In Y. lipolytica, this marker confers the ability to use D-serine as a nitrogen source. In addition, the selection conditions of several infrequently used dominant markers including bleoR (zeocin resistance), kanMX (G418 resistance), and guaB (mycophenolic acid resistance) were also analyzed. Our results demonstrated that these selection markers can be used for the genetic manipulation of Y. lipolytica and their selection conditions were different for various strains. Ultimately, the selection markers tested here will be useful to expand the genetic toolbox of Y. lipolytica. KEY POINTS: • The dsdA from Escherichia coli was developed as a dominant marker. • The applicability of several resistance markers in Y. lipolytica was determined. • We introduced the Cre/mutant lox system for marker recycling.

Elevated serum uric acid to creatinine ratio is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes: a prospective birth cohort study.

Purpose: This study evaluated the association between maternal serum uric acid-to-creatinine ratio (SUA/SCr) in the first trimester and adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Methods: A prospective birth cohort study was conducted between 2018 and 2021. Logistic regression models and restricted cubic splines were utilized to estimate the associations between the SUA/SCr ratio and feto-maternal pregnancy outcomes. Women were stratified according to maternal age and pre-pregnancy body mass index. Results: This study included 33,030 pregnant women with live singleton pregnancies. The overall prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH), cesarean delivery, preterm birth, large-for-gestational age (LGA), small-for-gestational age, and low Apgar scores were 15.18%, 7.96%, 37.62%, 4.93%, 9.39%, 4.79% and 0.28%, respectively. The highest quartile of SUA/SCr was associated with the highest risk of GDM (odds ratio [OR] 2.14, 95% CI 1.93-2.36), PIH (OR 1.79, 95% CI 1.58-2.04), cesarean delivery (OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.16-1.33), and preterm birth (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.12-1.51). The associations between SUA/SCr with adverse pregnancy outcomes showed linear relationships except for GDM (P < 0.001 for all, P < 0.001 for non-linearity). Subgroup analyses revealed that the associations between the SUA/SCr ratio and the risks of PIH and LGA were significantly stronger in younger pregnant women (P = 0.033 and 0.035, respectively). Conclusion: Maternal SUA/SCr levels were associated positively with the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Timely monitoring of SUA and SCr levels during early pregnancy may help reduce the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes and provide a basis for interventions.

The association between dyslipidaemia in the first trimester and adverse pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women with subclinical hypothyroidism: a cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is linked to dyslipidaemia and adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, the impact of dyslipidaemia on the outcome of pregnancy in SCH is unclear. METHODS: We enrolled 36,256 pregnant women and evaluated their pregnancy outcomes. The following data was gathered during the first trimester (≤ 13+ 6 weeks of gestation): total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations. The reference ranges for lipids were estimated to range from the 5th to the 95th percentile. Logistic regression assessed the relationships between dyslipidaemia and adverse pregnancy outcomes, including abortion, preeclampsia/eclampsia, low birth weight, foetal growth restriction, premature rupture of foetal membranes, gestational hypertension, preterm birth, macrosomia and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Additionally, the best thresholds for predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes based on TSH, FT4, and lipid levels were determined using receiver operating characteristic curves. RESULTS: In the first trimester, LDL-C > 3.24 mmol/L, TG > 1.92 mmol/L, HDL-C < 1.06 mmol/L, and TC > 5.39 mmol/L were used to define dyslipidaemia. In this cohort, 952 (3.56%) patients were diagnosed with SCH, and those who had dyslipidaemia in the first trimester had higher incidences of gestational hypertension (6.59% vs. 3.25%), preeclampsia/eclampsia (7.14% vs. 3.12%), GDM (22.53% vs. 13.77%), and low birth weight (4.95% vs. 2.08%) than did those without dyslipidaemia. However, after adjusting for prepregnancy body mass index (pre-BMI), dyslipidaemia was no longer related to these risks. Furthermore, elevated TG dyslipidaemia in SCH patients was connected to an enhanced potential of gestational hypertension (odds ratio [OR]: 2.687, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.074 ~ 6.722), and elevated LDL-C dyslipidaemia correlated with increased preeclampsia/eclampsia risk (OR: 3.172, 95% CI: 1.204 ~ 8.355) after accounting for age, smoking status, alcohol use, pre-BMI, and levothyroxine use. Additionally, the combination of TC, TG, LDL-C, pre-BMI, and TSH exhibited enhanced predictive capabilities for gestational hypertension, preeclampsia/eclampsia, and GDM. Values of 0.767, 0.704, and 0.706 were obtained from the area under the curve. CONCLUSIONS: Among pregnant women with SCH, dyslipidaemia in early pregnancy was related to elevated risks of adverse pregnancy consequences. The combined consideration of age, pre-BMI, TSH, and lipid levels in the first trimester could be beneficial for monitoring patients and implementing interventions to reduce adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Synergistic resistance of honeybee (Apis mellifera) and their gut microorganisms to fluvalinate stress.

Fluvalinate is widely used in the control of Varroa destructor, but its residues in colonies threaten honeybees. The effect of fluvalinate-induced dysbiosis on honeybee-related gene expression and the gut microenvironment of honeybees has not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, two-day-old larvae to seven-day-old adult worker bees were continuously fed different amounts of fluvalinate-sucrose solutions (0, 0.5, 5, and 50 mg/kg), after which the expression levels of two immune-related genes (Hymenoptaecin and Defensin1) and three detoxication-related genes (GSTS3, CAT, and CYP450) in worker bees (1, 7, and 20 days old) were measured. The effect of fluvalinate on the gut microbes of worker bees at seven days old also was explored using 16S rRNA Illumina deep sequencing. The results showed that exposure of honeybees to the insecticide fluvalinate affected their gene expression and gut microbial composition. As the age of honeybees increased, the effect of fluvalinate on the expression of Hymenoptaecin, CYP450, and CAT decreased, and the abundance of honeybee gut bacteria was affected by increasing the fluvalinate concentration. These findings provide insights into the synergistic defense of honeybee hosts against exogenous stresses in conjunction with honeybee gut microbes.

Melatonin ameliorates PM2.5-induced spermatogenesis disorder by preserving H3K9 methylation and SIRT3.

There was a link between exposure to PM2.5 and male infertility. Melatonin has beneficial effects on the male reproductive processes. How PM2.5 caused spermatogenesis disturbance and whether melatonin could prevent PM2.5-induced reproductive toxicity have remained unclear. The results showed that PM2.5 could inhibit the Nrf2-mediated antioxidant pathway and distinctly increase the cell apoptosis in testes. Moreover, PM2.5 also perturbed the process of meiosis by modulating meiosis-associated proteins such as γ-H2AX and Stra8. Mechanistically, PM2.5 inhibited G9a-dependent H3K9 methylation and SIRT3-mediated p53 deacetylation, which consistent with decreased sperm count and motility rate in ApoE-/- mice. Further investigation revealed melatonin effectively alleviated PM2.5-induced meiosis inhibition by preserving H3K9 methylation. Melatonin also alleviated PM2.5-induced apoptosis by regulating SIRT3-mediated p53 deacetylation. Overall, our study revealed PM2.5 resulted in spermatogenesis disorder by perturbing meiosis via G9a-dependent H3K9 di-methylation and causing cell apoptosis via SIRT3/p53 deacetylation pathway and provided promising insights into the protective role of melatonin in air pollution associated with male infertility.

The effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on neuroprotection and recovery after brain resuscitation.

OBJECTIVE: Analyze the impact of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on neuroprotection and recovery post severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) resuscitation. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of clinical data from 83 sTBI patients admitted between January 2022 to January 2024. Patients were divided into control (n = 41) and observation (n = 42) groups based on treatment received. Control received standard therapy, while the observation group received hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Effects on clinical outcomes, neuroinjury markers (S100ß, GFAP, UCH-L1, NSE), neurotrophic factors (NGF, BDNF), neurological function indicators (NIHSS, CSS), and adverse reactions were compared. RESULTS: The observation group showed a higher total effective rate (80.95%) compared to control (60.98%) (p < 0.05). Neuroinjury markers decreased post-treatment in both groups, with the observation group lower (p < 0.05). NGF and BDNF levels increased post-treatment in both groups, with the observation group higher (p < 0.05). NIHSS and CSS scores decreased post-treatment in both groups, with the observation group lower (p < 0.05). No significant difference in adverse reactions between groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy effectively treats sTBI by improving brain resuscitation success, reducing neuroinjury factors, enhancing neurotrophic factors, and promoting neurological function recovery, without increasing adverse reaction risk.

Intramedullary administration of tranexamic acid reduces bleeding in proximal femoral nail antirotation surgery for intertrochanteric fractures in elderly individuals: A randomized controlled trial.

PURPOSE: Intertrochanteric fractures undergoing proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA) surgery are associated with significant hidden blood loss. This study aimed to explore whether intramedullary administration of tranexamic acid (TXA) can reduce bleeding in PFNA surgery for intertrochanteric fractures in elderly individuals. METHODS: A randomized controlled trial was conducted from January 2019 to December 2022. Patients aged over 60 years with intertrochanteric fractures who underwent intramedullary fixation surgery with PFNA were eligible for inclusion and grouped according to random numbers. A total of 249 patients were initially enrolled, of which 83 were randomly allocated to the TXA group and 82 were allocated to the saline group. The TXA group received intramedullary perfusion of TXA after the bone marrow was reamed. The primary outcomes were total peri-operative blood loss and post-operative transfusion rate. The occurrence of adverse events was also recorded. Continuous data was analyzed by unpaired t-test or Mann-Whitney U test, and categorical data was analyzed by Pearson Chi-square test. RESULTS: The total peri-operative blood loss (mL) in the TXA group was significantly lower than that in the saline group (577.23 ± 358.02 vs. 716.89 ± 420.30, p = 0.031). The post-operative transfusion rate was 30.67 % in the TXA group and 47.95 % in the saline group (p = 0.031). The extent of post-operative deep venous thrombosis and the 3-month mortality rate were similar between the 2 groups. CONCLUSION: We observed that intramedullary administration of TXA in PFNA surgery for intertrochanteric fractures in elderly individuals resulted in less peri-operative blood loss and decreased transfusion rate, without any adverse effects, and is, thus, recommended.

High-Sensitivity Detection toward SARS-CoV-2 S1 Glycoprotein by Parallel Reaction Monitoring Mass Spectrometry.

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has overwhelmed the global economy and human well-being. On account of the sharp increase in test demand, there is a need for an accurate and alternative diagnosis method for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In this study, with the aim to specifically identify the trace SARS-CoV-2 S1 glycoprotein, we developed a high-sensitivity and high-selectivity diagnostic method based on the targeted parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) assay of eight selected peptides. This study emphasizes the outstanding detection sensitivity of 0.01 pg of the SARS-CoV-2 S1 glycoprotein even in the interference of other structural proteins, which to our knowledge is the current minimum limit of detection for the SARS-CoV-2 S1 glycoprotein. This technology could further identify 0.01 pg of the SARS-CoV-2 S1 glycoprotein in a spike pseudovirus, revealing its practical effectiveness. All our preliminary results throw light on the capability of the mass spectrometry-based targeted PRM assay to identify SARS-CoV-2 as a practicable orthogonal diagnostic tool. Furthermore, this technology could be extended to other pathogens (e.g., MERS-CoV S1 protein or SARS-CoV S1 protein) by quickly adjusting the targeted peptides of MS data acquisition. In summary, this strategy is universal and flexible and could be quickly adjusted to detect and discriminate different mutants and pathogens.

Negative correlation between organ heteroplasmy, particularly hepatic heteroplasmy, and age at death revealed by post-mortem studies of m.3243A > G cases.

Mitochondrial DNA m.3243A > G mutation causes mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) and its associated multi-organ disorders, including diabetes. To clarify associations between m.3243A > G organ heteroplasmy and clinical phenotypes, including the age at death, we combined genetic and pathological examinations from seven unreported and 36 literature cases of autopsied subjects. Clinical characteristics of subjects were as follows: male, 13; female, 28; unknown, 2; the age at death, 36.9 ± 20.2 [4-82] years; BMI, 16.0 ± 2.9 [13.0-22.3]; diabetes, N = 21 (49%), diabetes onset age 38.6 ± 14.2 years; deafness, N = 27 (63%); stroke-like episodes (StLEp), N = 25 (58%); congestive heart failure (CHF), N = 15 (35%); CHF onset age, 51.3 ± 14.5 years. Causes of death (N = 32) were as follows: cardiac, N = 13 (41%); infection, N = 8 (25%); StLEp, N = 4 (13%); gastrointestinal, N = 4 (13%); renal, N = 2 (6%); hepatic, N = 1 (2%). High and low heteroplasmies were confirmed in non-regenerative and regenerative organs, respectively. Heteroplasmy of the liver, spleen, leukocytes, and kidney for all subjects was significantly associated with the age at death. Furthermore, the age at death was related to juvenile-onset (any m.3243A > G-related symptoms appeared before 20) and stroke-like episodes. Multiple linear regression analysis with the age at death as an objective variable showed the significant contribution of liver heteroplasty and juvenile-onset to the age at death. m.3243A > G organ heteroplasmy levels, particularly hepatic heteroplasmy, are significantly associated with the age at death in deceased cases.

Development of a method to diagnose endometrial cancer based on the AuNRs-AntiVimentin optical probe.

Endometrial cancer is one of the common gynecological malignancies, and its incidence has been increasing year by year in recent years, raising higher requirements for its rapid diagnosis. In this article, gold nanorods (AuNRs) with localized surface plasmon resonance properties (LSPR) has used to prepare AuNRs-antibody to waveform protein (AuNRs-AntiVimentin) optical probes, and a new method has been constructed that could rapidly detect and identify endometrial cancer tissue sections by polarized light microscopy. AuNRs were prepared by seed growth method using gold chloride as raw material, and the morphology of AuNRs and the optical characteristics of AuNRs-AntiVimentin has characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), and zeta potential; immunohistochemistry (IHC) and AuNRs-AntiVimentin optical probes have used to detect clinical endometrial cancer, respectively. The AuNRs-AntiVimentin optical probe has been used to detect endometrial cancer tissue sections and found to have good bio-specificity, with no significant difference in the detection of AuNRs-AntiVimentin compared with conventional IHC techniques (p > .05). An optical probe generated by coupling AuNRs with Vimentin antibodies has been obtained to detect and identify endometrial cancer with simple operation and comparable effect to conventional IHC, providing a new method and idea for the rapid detection of endometrial cancer.

Cerebral Protection of Intraoperative Infusion of Dexmedetomidine in Patients with Chronic Cerebrovascular Stenosis Undergoing Endovascular Interventional Therapies: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: To investigate the cerebral protective effect of intraoperative dexmedetomidine infusion on patients with chronic cerebral vascular stenosis receiving endovascular interventional therapy. METHODS: Sixty patients with carotid artery or cerebral artery stenosis or occlusion stenting under elective general anesthesia were divided into dexmedetomidine group (group D) and normal saline group (group N). Group D was given dexmedetomidine loading dose 1.0 µg/kg after peripheral vein opening for 10 min, and then adjusted infusion rate to 0.5 µg/kg/h until stopped 30 min before end. RESULTS: At 7 days after operation, the contents of S100ß, neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in group D were apparently lower than those in group N (P < 0.05), while the contents of IL-1ß and tumor necrosis factor-α in 2 groups showed no statistical significance (P > 0.05). Additionally, at 4 days and 7 days after operation, the scores of Mini-Mental State Scale (MMSE) and Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS) in group D were significantly higher than those in group N (P < 0.05). Thirty days after surgery, the cerebral hemodynamic indexes (relative mean transit time, relative time to peak) in group D were significantly improved, and obviously better than those in group N (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The S-100ß, NSE, and inflammatory mediator IL-6 in group D were significantly decreased compared with group N, the MMSE and WMS cognitive function scores, and the cerebral blood perfusion were apparently improved in group D, clarifying dexmedetomidine has protective effect on nerve tissue injury by inhibiting inflammation.

Serum uric acid and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

AIMS: Serum uric acid (SUA) is considered as a risk factor for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). However, current studies showed inconsistent results. This study aimed to explore the relationship between SUA levels and GDM risk. METHODS: Eligible studies were retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang databases up to November 1, 2022. The pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to represent the difference in SUA levels between GDM women and controls. The combined odds ratios (OR) and 95% CI were applied to assess association between SUA levels and GDM risk. Subgroup analyses were conducted on study continents, design, and quality, detection time of SUA, and GDM diagnostic criteria. RESULTS: Totally 11 studies including five case-control and six cohort studies, in which 80,387 pregnant women with 9815 GDM were included. The overall meta-analysis showed that the mean SUA level in GDM group was significantly higher than in controls (SMD = 0.423, 95%CI = 0.019-0.826, p = .040, I2 = 93%). Notably, pregnant women with elevated levels of SUA had a significantly increased risk of GDM (OR = 1.670, 95%CI = 1.184-2.356, p = .0035, I2 = 95%). Furthermore, subgroup analysis performed on the detection time of SUA showed a significant difference in the association between SUA and GDM risk within different trimesters (1st trimester: OR = 3.978, 95%CI = 2.177-7.268; 1st to 2nd trimester: OR = 1.340, 95%CI = 1.078-1.667; p between subgroups <.01). CONCLUSIONS: Elevated SUA was positively associated with GDM risk, particularly in the 1st trimester of pregnancy. Further studies with high quality are required to validate the findings of this study.

Effects of Moringa Oleifera Leaf Extract Plus Rosiglitazone on Serum Leptin and Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Type 2 Diabetic Rats.

Objective: To investigate the effects of Moringa Oleifera Leaf Extract (MOLE) plus rosiglitazone (RSG) on glucose and lipid metabolism, serum leptin, and the Akt/GSK3ß/ß-Catenin signaling pathway in type 2 diabetic (T2D) rats. Methods: Sixty male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into six groups: the normal group, the model group, the RSG group, the low- and high-dose MOLE group, and the MOLE+RSG group. The normal group was fed a standard rat diet, while the other groups were given a single intraperitoneal injection of low-dose streptozomycin (STZ) (35 mg/kg) and fed a high-sugar and high-fat diet. After 8 weeks, the treatment outcomes were evaluated by measuring key parameters of blood glucose and lipid metabolism and the protein kinase B (AKT) / Glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3ß) /ß-Catenin signaling pathway in the T2D rats. Results: Compared with the normal group, the model group showed significantly increased levels of blood glucose, blood lipids, serum leptin, free fatty acid (FFA), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Compared with the model group, the RSG, low-dose MOLE, and high-dose MOLE groups displayed effective control of blood glucose, blood lipids, serum leptin, FFA, and TNF-α. The MOLE+RSG group surpassed the RSG group in regulating glucose, lipid metabolism, and serum leptin levels in T2D rats. In addition, the MOLE+RSG group also had superiority over the RSG group in activating the AKT/GSK3ß/ß-Catenin pathway. Conclusion: MOLE plus RSG can effectively reduce blood glucose and blood lipids in T2DM rats.

Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic-Related Long-Term Chronic Impacts on Psychological Health of Perinatal Women in China.

OBJECTIVES: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused far-reaching changes in all areas of society. However, limited data have focused on the long-term impacts on perinatal psychological health. This study aims to evaluate long-term impacts of COVID-19 pandemic crisis on psychological health among perinatal women and investigate associated factors. STUDY DESIGN: A multicenter, cross-sectional study, the psychological subproject of China Birth Cohort Study (CBCS), was conducted in 2021. Demographic and obstetric characteristics, pregnancy outcomes, psychological status, and COVID-19-pandemic-related factors were obtained. The symptoms of depression, anxiety, and insomnia of participants were assessed by Patient Health Questionnaire, Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, and Insomnia Severity Index, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify associated factors of adverse psychological symptoms. RESULTS: Totally, 1,246 perinatal women were enrolled, with the overall prevalence of depression, anxiety, and insomnia symptoms being 63.16, 41.89, and 44.38%, respectively. Perinatal women who needed psychological counseling and were very worried about the COVID-19 pandemic were 1.8 to 7.2 times more likely to report symptoms of depression, anxiety, and insomnia. Unemployment, flu-like symptoms, younger maternal age, and previous diseases before pregnancy were risk factors for depression, anxiety, or insomnia. CONCLUSION: Our study revealed that the prevalence of perinatal depression, anxiety, and insomnia symptoms was at a high level even 1 year after the pandemic outbreak, implying pandemic-associated long-term psychological impacts on perinatal women existed. Government should not only pay attention to the acute effects of psychological health but also to long-term psychological impacts on perinatal women after major social events. KEY POINTS: · The prevalence of perinatal psychological symptoms was at a high level after the COVID-19 outbreak.. · Perinatal women who were very worried about COVID-19 were more often to have psychological symptoms.. · Perinatal women with demands of mental counseling were more likely to report psychological symptoms..

Diosmetin alleviates acute lung injury caused by lipopolysaccharide by targeting barrier function.

Acute lung injury (ALI) is an acute and devastating disease caused by systemic inflammation e.g. patients infected with bacteria and viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 have an unacceptably high mortality rate. It has been well documented that endothelial cell damage and repair play a central role in the pathogenesis of ALI because of its barrier function. Nevertheless, the leading compounds that effectively accelerate endothelial cell repair and improve barrier dysfunction in ALI are largely unknown. In the present study, we found that diosmetin had promising characteristics to inhibit the inflammatory response and accelerate the repair of endothelial cells. Our results indicated that diosmetin accelerated wound healing and barrier repair by improving the expression of the barrier-related proteins, including zonula occludens-l (ZO-1) and occludin, in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Meanwhile, diosmetin administration significantly inhibited inflammatory response by decreasing the content of TNFα and IL-6 in the serum, alleviated lung injury by reducing lung wet/dry (W/D) ratio and histologic score, improved endothelial hyperpermeability by decreasing protein levels and neutrophil infiltration in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and increasing ZO-1 and occludin expression in the lung tissues of LPS-treated mice. Mechanistically, diosmetin also mediated the expression of Rho A and ROCK1/2 in HUVECs treated with LPS, and fasudil, a Rho A inhibitor remarkably inhibited the role of diosmetin in ZO-1 and occludin proteins. All these findings of this study revealed that diosmetin can be an effective protector of lung injury and the Rho A/ROCK1/2 signal pathway plays a pivotal role in diosmetin accelerating barrier repair in ALI.

Effect of tea catechins on gut microbiota in high fat diet-induced obese mice.

BACKGROUND: Tea catechins have been shown to have beneficial effects on the alleviation of obesity, the prevention of diabetes, and the amelioration of metabolic syndrome. The purpose of the present work is to explore the underlying mechanisms linking the intestinal microbiota and anti-obesity benefits of green tea, oolong tea, and black tea catechins in C57BL/6J mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD). RESULTS: The results indicated that, after the dietary intake of three tea catechins, obesity and low-grade inflammation were significantly alleviated. Hepatic steatosis was prevented, and this was accompanied by the upregulation of the mRNA and protein expressions of hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα). Metagenomic analysis of fecal samples suggested that the three tea catechins similarly changed the microbiota in terms of overall structure, composition, and protein functions by regulating the metabolites, facilitating the generation of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and repressing lipopolysaccharides. CONCLUSION: The anti-obese properties of three tea catechins were partially mediated by their positive effect on gut microbiota, hepatic steatosis alleviation, and anti-inflammatory activity. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.

Enrichment, bioaccumulation and human health assessment of organochlorine pesticides in sediments and edible fish of a plateau lake.

The organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are with features of persistence, high toxicity, bioaccumulation and adverse impact on ecosystems and human beings. Although OCPs pollutions have been observed in the plateau lakes, comprehensive understandings in the distribution characteristics and human health risks of OCPs in these valuable but fragile ecosystems are limited. We here investigated the distribution, bioaccumulation process and health risks of OCPs in the Jianhu lake, a representative plateau lake in China. The endrin ketone, endrin aldehyde and heptachlor were the most dominant species in surface and columnar sediments. Their total contents ranged between 0 ~ 1.92 × 103 ng·g-1. The distribution of OCPs in sediment cores combined with chronology information indicated that the fast accumulation of OCPs happened during the last decades. Combining the distribution features of OCPs in different sources with mixing model results of carbon isotope (δ13C), farming area was identified as the main source (46%), and the OCPs were transported to lake by inflow-rivers (37%). The enrichment of OCPs in sediments caused considerable bioaccumulation of OCPs in local fish (∑OCPs 0-3199.93 ng·g-1, dw) with the bio-sediment accumulation factor (BSAF) ranging from ND to 9.41. Moreover, growing time was another key factor governing the accumulation in specific species (Carassius auratus and Cyprinus carpio). Eventually, the carcinogenic risk index (CRI) and exposure risk index (ERI) of the endrin category and aldrin exceeded the reference value, indicating relatively high health risks through consumption of fish. Overall, this study systematically illustrated the bioaccumulation process and health risks of OCPs in the typical plateau lake, providing theoretical support for the better protection of this kind of lakes.