Examining the association of hysterectomy with and without oophorectomy on cardiovascular disease and all-cause, cardiovascular or cancer mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: The associations between hysterectomy and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality remains unlcear and a meta-analysis with cohort studies is lacking. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies to investigate the relationship between hysterectomy and CVD, coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, heart failure, and all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality. We further explored the effect of oophorectomy on the association between hysterectomy and these health outcomes. SEARCH STRATEGY: PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science were searched up to 24 July 2023. SELECTION CRITERIA: Cohort studies. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were pooled using a random-effects model. We used I2 to assess the heterogeneity between studies. MAIN RESULTS: Forty-three studies were included in the meta-analysis. Hysterectomy was significantly associated with an increased risk of CVD (pooled HR 1.11, 95% CI 1.09-1.13; n = 6; I2 = 0) and stroke (HR 1.09, 95% CI 1.04-1.14; n = 7; I2 = 52%), but with a decreased risk of cancer mortality (HR 0.93, 95% CI 0.86-1.00; n = 4; I2 = 81%). No significant association was observed between hysterectomy and CHD (n = 10; I2 = 83%), all-cause mortality (n = 8; I2 = 81%) or cardiovascular mortality (n = 7; I2 = 89%). Hysterectomy with and without oophorectomy was significantly associated with CVD and stroke risk, but showed a larger effect size for hysterectomy with oophorectomy. A significantly increased risk of CHD was observed in the subgroup of hysterectomy with oophorectomy, but not for the subgroup of hysterectomy alone. CONCLUSIONS: Hysterectomy may increase the risk of CVD, CHD and stroke, but not all-cause, cardiovascular or cancer mortality. Hysterectomy with oophorectomy may have a higher risk of CVD, CHD and stroke than hysterectomy alone. However, the results on CHD and mortality related to hysterectomy should be interpreted cautiously because of the high level of heterogeneity and unstable subgroup analyses.

Nickel-catalyzed γ-alkylation of cyclopropyl ketones with unactivated primary alkyl chlorides: balancing reactivity and selectivity via halide exchange.

A novel method was developed for synthesizing γ-alkyl ketones via nickel-catalyzed cross-electrophile coupling of cyclopropyl ketones and non-activated primary alkyl chlorides. High reactivity and selectivity can be achieved with sodium iodide as a crucial cocatalyst that generates a low concentration of alkyl iodide via halide exchange, thus avoiding the formation of alkyl dimers. This reaction possessed excellent regioselectivity and high step economy circumventing in situ or pregenerated organometallics.

Correction: Nickel-catalyzed γ-alkylation of cyclopropyl ketones with unactivated primary alkyl chlorides: balancing reactivity and selectivity via halide exchange.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1039/D4RA02616K.].

Dichlorido{1-[(2-hy-droxy-eth-yl)imino-meth-yl]-2-naphtho-lato}pyridine-iron(III) pyridine monosolvate.

In the title complex, [Fe(C(13)H(12)NO(2))Cl(2)(C(5)H(5)N)]·C(5)H(5)N, the iron(III) atom is six-coordinated by the N and O atoms from the Schiff base ligand, the N atom from a pyridine mol-ecule and two chloride anions in a distorted octa-hedral geometry. The crystal packing is stabilized by inter-molecular O-H⋯N hydrogen bonds and C-H⋯π inter-actions.

Triazidotris[µ-2-(2-pyridyl)ethanolato]dicobalt(II) acetonitrile monosolvate.

In the title compound, [Co(2)(C(7)H(8)NO)(3)(N(3))(3)]·CH(3)CN, the two Co(II) ions in the dinuclear complex have different coordination environments, both in a distorted octa-hedral geometry. One Co(II) atom is coordinated by three O atoms from the three 2-hy-droxy-ethyl-pyridine (HEP) bridging ligands, two N atoms from two HEP ligands and one azido ligand, while the other Co(II) atom is coordinated by the same three O atoms, one N atom from an HEP ligand and two azido ligands. Weak inter-molecular C-H⋯N hydrogen bonds link the dinuclear complexes into corrugated layers parallel to the bc plane. These layers are further packed with the formation of channels propagating in [010] and filled with the disordered [in a ratio 0.691 (13):0.309 (13)] acetonitrile solvate mol-ecules.

Bis[2-(pyridin-2-yl)ethanol-κN,O]bis-(thio-cyanato-κN)nickel(II).

In the title complex, [Ni(NCS)(2)(C(7)H(9)NO)(2)], the Ni(II) atom is in a distorted octa-hedral coordination environment defined by two N atoms of the two thio-cyanate ions and by the N and O atoms of the two chelating 2-(pyridin-2-yl)ethanol ligands. The complex mol-ecule is located around a crystallographic inversion center. In the crystal, mol-ecules are connected into a two-dimensional polymeric structure parallel to (100) by O-H⋯S hydrogen bonds.

Matrix metalloproteinase-2 and tissue inhibitor of metallo-proteinase-2 in colorectal carcinoma invasion and metastasis.

AIM: To explore the relationship between matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) in the development of colorectal carcinoma and to provide a valuable marker for clinical diagnosis. METHODS: Twenty-five patients with colorectal carcinoma underwent surgical resection. Samples were taken from tumor sites and normal tissues. MMP-2 activity was determined by gelatin zymography. Western blot and ABC immunohistochemical staining were used to detect the expression levels of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 in normal and colorectal carcinoma tissues. Statistical analyses were performed using the Student's t test and one-way ANOVA. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. All the statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 10.0 software. RESULTS: MMP-2 activity could be detected in both normal and colorectal carcinoma tissues. MMP-2 activity in colorectal carcinoma tissues was much higher than that in normal tissues (P<0.05, t = 3.916, 4.227). MMP-2 activity was positively related to the colorectal carcinoma invasion depth, lymph node metastasis and Duke's stage. Western blot and ABC immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that the expression level of MMP-2 in colorectal carcinoma tissues was much higher than that in normal tissues (P<0.05, t = 9.429), but the expression level of TIMP-2 in colorectal carcinoma tissues was much lower than that in normal tissues (P<0.05, t = 7.329). The MMP-2/TIMP-2 ratio of colorectal carcinoma was much higher than that of normal tissues. With the progression of invasion depth, lymph node metastasis and tumor Duke's stage, the activity and expression level of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 gradually increased, but the MMP-2/TIMP-2 ratio gradually decreased. CONCLUSION: The balance between MMP-2 and TIMP-2 plays a crucial role in the process of colorectal carcinoma invasion and metastasis.

Effects of Shuanghuangbu on the total protein content and ultrastructure in cultured human periodontal ligament cells.

BACKGROUND: Successful periodontal regeneration depends on the migration, proliferation and differentiation of periodontal ligament cells in periodontal defects. The total protein content and the ultrastructure demonstrate the metabolizability and activity of periodontal ligament cells. This study was conducted to observe the effects of Shuanghuangbu, a mixture of medicinal herbs, on the total protein content and the ultrastructure of human periodontal ligament cells. METHODS: Periodontal ligament cells were grown to confluence and then cultured in Dulbecco's modified eagle medium (DMEM) supplemented with Shuanghuangbu over the concentration range of 0 to 1000 microg/ml. The total protein content in cultured cells was determined by using Coommasie brilliant blue technique. Periodontal ligament cells were incubated in 0 and 100 microg/ml Shuanghuangbu decoction for 5 days, then observed through transmission electron microscope. RESULTS: The total protein content of human periodontal ligament cells increased in each experiment group added 10 - 1000 microg/ml Shuanghuangbu respectively, and the effect of 100 microg/ml was excellent. Under the transmission electron microscope, there were more rough endoplasmic reticulums and mitochodrias in the experiment group than those in the control group. CONCLUSION: Shuanghuangbu stimulates the protein synthesis of human periodontal ligament cells and improves human periodontal ligament cells' metabolizability and activity.