Prevalence of bovine coronavirus in cattle in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) is one of the important pathogens that cause calf diarrhea (CD), winter dysentery (WD), and the bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC), and spreads worldwide. An infection of BCoV in cattle can lead to death of young animals, stunted growth, reduced milk production, and milk quality, thus bringing serious economic losses to the bovine industry. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent and control the spread of BCoV. Here, a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess the prevalence of BCoV in cattle in China before 2022. A total of 57 articles regarding the prevalence of BCoV in cattle in China were collected from five databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, CNKI, VIP, and Wan Fang). Based on the inclusion criteria, a total of 15,838 samples were included, and 6,136 were positive cases. The overall prevalence of BCoV was 30.8%, with the highest prevalence rate (60.5%) identified in South China and the lowest prevalence (15.6%) identified in Central China. We also analyzed other subgroup information, included sampling years, sample sources, detection methods, breeding methods, age, type of cattle, presence of diarrhea, and geographic and climatic factors. The results indicated that BCoV was widely prevalent in China. Among all subgroups, the sample sources, detection methods, breeding methods, and presence or absence of diarrheal might be potential risk factors responsible for BCoV prevalence. It is recommended to strengthen the detection of BCoV in cattle, in order to effectively control the spread of BCoV.

Meta-analysis of the prevalence of Giardia duodenalis in sheep and goats in China.

Giardia duodenum (G. duodenalis) can cause giardiasis and infect a variety of hosts. So far, there have been no detailed data regarding the positive rate of G. duodenalis in sheep and goats in China. Here, a systematic literature review was carried out to investigate the epidemiology of G. duodenalis in sheep and goats in China. To perform the meta-analysis, the databases CNKI, VIP, WanFang, PubMed, Web of science and ScienceDirect were employed for screening studies related to the prevalence of G. duodenalis in sheep and goats in China. The total prevalence of G. duodenalis in sheep and goats was estimated to be 7.00% (95% CI: 4.00-10.00). In the age subgroup, the prevalence of G. duodenalis in sheep and goats of >12 months (11.29%; 95% CI: 8.08-14.97) was higher than that in sheep and goats of ≤12 months (7.57%; 95% CI: 3.95-12.24). An analysis based on seasons showed that the prevalence of G. duodenalis in sheep and goats was higher in summer (11.90%; 95% CI: 0.50-35.05) than that in other seasons. The prevalence of G. duodenalis in sheep and goats after 2016 was 8.57% (95% CI: 5.34-11.79), which was higher than others. The highest prevalence of G. duodenalis in sheep and goats was 13.06% (95% CI: 6.26-19.86) recorded in Southwestern China. The prevalence of Giardia infection in sheep (7.28%; 95% CI: 2.30-14.73) was higher than that in goats (5.43%; 95% CI: 2.73-8.98). The NOAA's National Center for Environmental Information (https://gis.ncdc.noaa.gov/maps/ncei/cdo/monthly) was used to extract relevant geoclimatic data (latitude, longitude, elevation, temperature, precipitation, humidity, and climate). By analyzing the data of each subgroup, it was shown that region, genetype, and climate were potential risk factors for giardiasis prevalence in sheep and goats. Based on the analysis of common factors and geographical factors, it is recommended to strengthen effective management measures (e.g. ventilation and disinfection in warm and humid areas) and formulate relevant policies according to local conditions. Breeders should strengthen the detection of G. duodenalis in sheep and goats, customize corresponding control measures according to the diet and living habits of sheep and goats, and strengthen the protection of sheep and lamb calves, so as to reduce the incidence rate and reduce the economic loss of China's animal husbandry.

Genomic characterization of three bacteriophages infecting donkey-derived Escherichia coli.

Bacteriophages are an important source of novel genetic diversity. Sequencing of phage genomes can reveal new proteins with potential uses in phage therapy and help unravel the diversity of biological mechanisms by which phages take over the machinery of the host during infection. To expand the available collection of phage genomes, we have isolated, sequenced, and assembled the genome sequences of three phages that infect three pathogenic Escherichia coli strains: vB_EcoM_DE15, vB_EcoM_DE16, and vB_EcoM_DE17. Morphological characterization and genomic analysis indicated that all three phages were strictly lytic and free from integrases, virulence factors, toxins, and antimicrobial resistance genes. All three phages contained tRNAs, and especially, vB_EcoM_DE17 contained 25 tRNAs. The genomic features of these phages indicate that natural phages are capable of lysing pathogenic E.coli and have great potential in the biocontrol of bacteria.

Renal Interstitial Inflammation Predicts Nephropathy Progression in IgA Nephropathy: A Two-Center Cohort Study.

INTRODUCTION: Renal interstitial inflammation often presents in immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN), but its predictive role in kidney disease progression remains controversial. METHODS: This retrospective two-center cohort study included 1,420 adult IgAN patients between January 2003 and May 2018 followed for a median of approximately 7 years at two Chinese hospitals. The predictor was renal interstitial inflammation within the total cortical interstitium (none/mild [0-25%], moderate [26-50%], or severe [>50%]). For the further propensity score matching analyses, the participants with moderate and severe level of interstitial inflammation were pooled to match those with none/mild level of interstitial inflammation. The outcomes included the rate of kidney function decline, and the composite kidney endpoint event defined as a >40% reduction in the estimated glomerular filtration rate, end-stage kidney disease. Linear regression and Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were used to examine the association between interstitial inflammation and the outcomes. The predictive performance of the model also assessed using multivariate logistic regression analyses with the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Reclassification was assessed using the continuous net reclassification improvement and integrated discrimination improvement adapted for censoring for the assessment of the model with or without interstitial inflammation. RESULTS: For the check of reproducibility, the kappa statistic was 0.71, and intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.77. After adjustment for relating covariates, a higher level of interstitial inflammation was associated with a faster rate of kidney function decline (eGFR slope [mL/min/1.73 m2] of 1.34 [95% CI: -2.56 to 5.23], 3.50 [95% CI: -0.40 to 7.40], and 7.52 [95% CI: 3.02 to 12.01]) in the patients with none/mild, moderate, and severe interstitial inflammation, respectively, in the multivariable linear regression models and with an increased risk of kidney disease progression (HR for moderate vs. none/mild, 1.85; 95% CI: 1.10-3.13; HR for severe vs. none/mild, 2.95; 95% CI: 1.52-5.73) in the multivariable Cox proportional hazards models. Analyses in the propensity score-matched cohort, subgroups, and the sensitive analyses yielded consistent results. The receiver operating curves indicated a higher area under the curve of 0.83 in the model with interstitial inflammation compared with 0.81 in that without interstitial inflammation. In addition, incorporating interstitial inflammation into the International IgAN Risk Prediction Tool improved the diagnostic power of the algorithm to predict risk of progression. CONCLUSION: Interstitial inflammation is a reproducible pathologic parameter that may be adopted as a predictor for kidney disease progression in patients with IgAN.

Saniculamin C, a new flavonoid from Sanicula lamelligera.

A new flavonoid named saniculamin C (1), together with six known compounds (2-7), were isolated from the whole plants of Sanicula lamelligera Hance. The chemical structures were elucidated by spectroscopic and physico-chemical analyses. All isolates were evaluated for in vitro cytotoxic activities against four human cancer cell lines, HepG2, SGC-7901 gastric cancer, Hela and A-549 lung cancer. Compound 1 showed potent antiproliferative activities against SGC-7901 cells with IC50 value of 7.45 µM. In addition, compound 6 exhibited weak antiproliferative activities against HepG2, SGC-7901, Hela cancer cells with IC50 values of 10.43, 8.24 and 15.32 µM, respectively.[Formula: see text].

The Association of Low Hemoglobin Levels with IgA Nephropathy Progression: A Two-Center Cohort Study of 1,828 Cases.

AIM: To investigate the relationship between hemoglobin levels and the progression of IgA nephropathy (IgAN). METHODS: In a two-center cohort of 1,828 cases with biopsy-proven IgAN, we examined the association of hemoglobin levels with the primary outcome of a composite of all-cause mortality or kidney failure defined as a 40% decline in eGFR, or ESKD (defined as eGFR <15 mL/min/1.73 m2 or need for kidney replacement therapy including hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, or kidney transplantation), or the outcome of kidney failure, assessed using Cox and logistic regression models, respectively, with adjustment for confounders. RESULTS: At baseline, mean age, eGFR, and hemoglobin levels were 33.75 ± 11.03 years, 99.70 ± 30.40 mL/min/1.73 m2, and 123.47 ± 18.36 g/L, respectively. During a median of approximately 7-year follow-up, 183 cases reached the composite outcome. After adjustment for demographic and IgAN-specific covariates and treatments, a lower quartile of hemoglobin was nonlinearly associated with an increased risk of the primary outcome or kidney failure in the Cox proportional hazards models (primary outcome: HR for quartile 3 vs. 4, 1.37; 95% CI, 0.83-2.25; HR for quartile 2 vs. 4, 1.18; 95% CI, 0.68-2.07; HR for quartile 1 vs. 4, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.15-3.17; kidney failure: HR for quartile 3 vs. 4, 1.39; 95% CI, 0.84-2.31; HR for quartile 2 vs. 4, 1.20; 95% CI, 0.68-2.11; HR for quartile 1 vs. 4, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.09-3.07) in the fully adjusted model. Then, hemoglobin levels were transformed to a binary variable for fitting the model according to the criteria for anemia of 110 g/L in the women and 120 g/L in men in China. The participants in the anemia group had an increased risk of developing outcomes compared with the nonanemia group in both genders (primary outcome: male: HR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.01-2.68; female: HR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.02-2.76; kidney failure: male: HR, 1.60; 95% CI, 0.97-2.64; female: HR, 1.58; 95% CI, 0.95-2.61) in the fully adjusted model. CONCLUSIONS: A low level of hemoglobin was nonlinearly associated with IgAN progression. The anemic IgAN patients presented a higher risk of developing poor outcomes compared with the nonanemic patients.

Correlation analysis between disease severity and inflammation-related parameters in patients with COVID-19: a retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 is highly contagious, and the crude mortality rate could reach 49% in critical patients. Inflammation concerns on disease progression. This study analyzed blood inflammation indicators among mild, severe and critical patients, helping to identify severe or critical patients early. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 100 patients were included and divided into mild, severe or critical groups according to disease condition. Correlation of peripheral blood inflammation-related indicators with disease criticality was analyzed. Cut-off values for critically ill patients were speculated through the ROC curve. RESULTS: Significantly, disease severity was associated with age (R = -0.564, P < 0.001), interleukin-2 receptor (IL2R) (R = -0.534, P < 0.001), interleukin-6 (IL-6) (R = -0.535, P < 0.001), interleukin-8 (IL-8) (R = -0.308, P < 0.001), interleukin-10 (IL-10) (R = -0.422, P < 0.001), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) (R = -0.322, P < 0.001), C-reactive protein (CRP) (R = -0.604, P < 0.001), ferroprotein (R = -0.508, P < 0.001), procalcitonin (R = -0.650, P < 0.001), white cell counts (WBC) (R = -0.54, P < 0.001), lymphocyte counts (LC) (R = 0.56, P < 0.001), neutrophil count (NC) (R = -0.585, P < 0.001) and eosinophil counts (EC) (R = 0.299, P < 0.001). With IL2R > 793.5 U/mL or CRP > 30.7 ng/mL, the progress of COVID-19 to critical stage should be closely observed and possibly prevented. CONCLUSIONS: Inflammation is closely related to severity of COVID-19, and IL-6 and TNFα might be promising therapeutic targets.

Diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of inborn errors of metabolism in 100,077 newborns from Jining city in China.

BACKGROUND: Mandatory newborn screening for metabolic disorders has not been implemented in most parts of China. Newborn mortality and morbidity could be markedly reduced by early diagnosis and treatment of inborn errors of metabolism (IEM). Methods of screening for IEM by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) have been developed, and their advantages include rapid testing, high sensitivity, high specificity, high throughput, and low sample volume (a single dried blood spot). METHODS: Dried blood spots of 100,077 newborns obtained from Jining city in 2014-2015 were screened by MS/MS. The screening results were further confirmed by clinical symptoms and biochemical analysis in combination with the detection of neonatal deficiency in organic acid, amino acid, or fatty acid metabolism and DNA analysis. RESULTS: The percentages of males and females among the 100,077 infants were 54.1% and 45.9%, respectively. Cut-off values were established by utilizing the percentile method. The screening results showed that 98,764 newborns were healthy, and 56 out of the 1313 newborns with suspected IEM were ultimately diagnosed with IEM. Among these 56 newborns, 19 (1:5267) had amino acid metabolism disorders, 26 (1:3849) had organic acid metabolism disorders, and 11 (1:9098) had fatty acid oxidation disorders. In addition, 54 patients with IEM were found to carry mutations, and the other 2 patients had argininemia. CONCLUSIONS: Fifty-six cases of metabolic disorders in Jining were confirmed via newborn screening (NBS) by MS/MS. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for the survival and well-being of affected children. A nationwide NBS program using MS/MS is recommended, especially in poor areas of China.

Emergent loading dose of antiplatelets for stenting after IV rt-PA in acute ischemic stroke: a feasibility study.

BACKGROUND: A loading dose of antiplatelets reduces in-stent thrombosis after stent implantation. However, whether it is safe in patients undergoing acute stenting after intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) is unclear. METHODS: A case series of acute ischemic stroke patients treated with intravenous rt-PA followed by emergent stenting were prospectively included in Jinling Hospital Stroke Unit. An emergent loading dose of antiplatelets (aspirin 300 mg and clopidogrel 300 mg) were administered to all patients through a nasogastric tube immediately before stenting. Clinical and angiographic outcomes were evaluated in these patients. RESULTS: A total of 12 patients were included. The median of NIHSS score on admission was 15 points (interquartile range 11-19). The median of time from stroke symptom onset to start IV rt-PA and stent placement was 172 min (interquartile range 123.75-189) and 311.5 min (interquartile range 285.5-349.5), respectively. All patients reached complete or partial recanalization (TICI ≥2a). One patient occurred hemorrhagic transformation at 24 h following the emergent loading dose of antiplatelets. A favorable outcome as defined by mRS ≤2 at 90 days was obtained in 58.3% (7/12) of all patients. CONCLUSION: Our finding preliminary suggested that an emergent loading dose of antiplatelets may be safe and feasible for acute stenting after IV rt-PA.

Severity assessment of intracranial large artery stenosis by pressure gradient measurements: A feasibility study.

BACKGROUND: Fractional flow reserve (FFR)-guided revascularization strategy is popular in coronary intervention. However, the feasibility of assessing stenotic severity in intracranial large arteries using pressure gradient measurements still remains unclear. METHODS: Between March 2013 and May 2014, 12 consecutive patients with intracranial large artery stenosis (including intracranial internal carotid artery, middle cerebral M1 segment, intracranial vertebral artery, and basilar artery) were enrolled in this study. The trans-stenotic pressure gradient was measured before and/or after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting (PTAS), and was then compared with percent diameter stenosis. A Pd /Pa cut-off of ≤0.70 was used to guide stenting of hemodynamically significant stenoses. The device-related and procedure-related serious adverse events and recurrent cerebral ischemic events were recorded. RESULTS: The target vessel could be reached in all cases. No technical complications occurred due to the specific study protocol. Excellent pressure signals were obtained in all patients. For seven patients who performed PTAS, the mean pre-procedural pressure gradient decreased from 59.0 ± 17.2 to 13.3 ± 13.6 mm Hg after the procedure (P < 0.01). Only one patient who refused stenting experienced a TIA event in the ipsilateral MCA territory. No recurrent ischemic event was observed in other patients. CONCLUSION: Mean trans-stenotic pressure gradients can be safely and easily measured with a 0.014-inch fluid-filled guide wire in intracranial large arteries. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Heavy metal contamination along the China coastline: A comprehensive study using Artificial Mussels and native mussels.

A comprehensive study was carried out to assess metal contamination in five cities spanning from temperate to tropical environment along the coastal line of China with different hydrographical conditions. At each of the five cities, Artificial Mussels (AM) were deployed together with a native species of mussel at a control site and a polluted site. High levels of Cr, Cu and Hg were found in Qingdao, high level of Cd, Hg and Pb was found in Shanghai, and high level of Zn was found in Dalian. Furthermore, level of Cu contamination in all the five cities was consistently much higher than those reported in similar studies in other countries (e.g., Australia, Portugal, Scotland, Iceland, Korea, South Africa and Bangladesh). Levels of individual metal species in the AM showed a highly significant correlation with that in the native mussels (except for Zn in Mytilus edulis and Cd in Perna viridis), while no significant difference can be found between the regression relationships of metal in the AM and each of the two native mussel species. The results demonstrated that AM can provide a reliable time-integrated estimate of metal concentration in contrasting environments over large biogeographic areas and different hydrographic conditions, and overcome the shortcomings of monitoring metals in water, sediment and the use of biomonitors.

[Effects of metabolic syndrome on multi-vessel lesions of symptomatic intracranial atherosclerosis].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of metabolic syndrome (MS) on multi-vessel lesions of symptomatic intracranial atherosclerosis. METHODS: During April 2009 and October 2010, a total of 139 consecutive hospitalized patients with symptomatic intracranial atherosclerosis were recruited to undergo magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) or/and CT angiography (CTA) or/and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) to measure the stenotic degree and numbers of intracranial atherosclerosis. They were divided into 2 groups according to lesion numbers: single and multi-vessel lesions. MS was defined by the criteria of the Adult Treatment Panel III to examine the incidences of MS. The risk factors were analyzed for multi-vessel lesions of symptomatic intracranial atherosclerosis to explore the relationship between MS and multi-vessel lesions. RESULTS: Among them, 210 intracranial atherosclerotic lesions were documented. Fifty-nine (42.4%) patients had two or more lesions (group with multi-vessel lesions). The incidence of MS was 70.5%. The rates of MS in groups of single and multi-vessel lesions were 56.3% and 89.8% respectively. And statistical significance existed between two groups (P < 0.001). Moreover, the number of MS components increased gradually with the number of lesions (P < 0.001). For the analysis of individual criteria for MS, only abnormal glycemia was found to be associated with multi-vessel lesions (P = 0.002). And multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that MS was associated with multi-vessel lesions of intracranial atherosclerosis (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: MS is an independent predictor for multi-vessel lesions of intracranial atherosclerosis. And its intervention may be an important preventive strategy for intracranial multi-vessel atherosclerosis.

[Study of adsorption and desorption of behaviors of Pb2+ on thiol-modified bentonite by flame atomic absorption spectrometry].

A comparative analysis of the functional groups and surface structure of the Ca-bentonite (RB) and thiol-modified bentonite (TMB) were characterized by means of FTIR and SEM. The absorptive property of Pb2+ on TMB and RB and its influential factors was studied and the conditions for the adsorption were optimized by using FAAS method. Then the conditions for desorption of Pb2+ from the TMB by using simulated acid rain were studied and the contrast analysis of absorptive stability of Pb2+ on TMB and RB was given. The results showed that the adsorption rate of Pb2+ by TMB could reach more than 98%, when the initial Pb2+ concentration was 100 mg.L-1, the liquid-solid ratio was 5 g.L-1, pH was 6. 0, KNO3 ionic strength was 0. 1 mol.L-1 and adsorption period was 60min at 25 C. The saturated adsorption capacity of TMB was 67.27 mg.g-1; it's much more than that of RB (9.667 mg.g-1). The adsorption of Pb2+ on TMB follows Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models well. Desorption experiments of Pb2+ from TMB with simulated acid rain (pH 3. 50) were done, and the desorption rate was 0. The results showed that TMB has a strong adsorption and fixation capacity for PbZ+; it is adapted to lead contaminated soil for chemical remediation.

Evaluating the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture on serum uric acid in asymptomatic hyperuricemia population: a randomized controlled clinical trial study protocol.

Background: The clinical dangers of asymptomatic hyperuricemia to human health have become increasingly prominent over the past 20 years. Previous studies have shown the potential benefits of acupuncture on uric acid levels in the body. However, definitive evidence is lacking. Our objective is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of acupuncture on serum uric acid (SUA) in individuals with asymptomatic hyperuricemia. Methods: This is a randomized, single-blind, sham-controlled trial. A total of 180 eligible patients with asymptomatic hyperuricemia will be recruited at three hospitals in China. Patients will be randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive 16 sessions of manual acupuncture or sham acupuncture for 8 weeks. Patients will be followed up for 12 weeks. The primary outcome will be the change in SUA levels at week 8 after randomization. Secondary outcomes will include dynamic changes in SUA levels, efficacy rates, proportion of gout flare, body weight, and acute medication intake. The MGH Acupuncture Sensation Scale and adverse events related to acupuncture will be measured after each treatment. A blinding assessment will be performed on patients who receive at least one session of acupuncture. Data analyses will be performed on a full analysis set and a per-protocol set. Ethics and dissemination: Ethics approval has been obtained from the Clinical Trial Ethics Committee of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (approval no. 2021-S135). Written informed consent will be obtained from enrolled patients. The findings will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal. Clinical trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT05406830.

Prevalence and risk factors of stroke in China: a national serial cross-sectional study from 2003 to 2018.

Stroke imposes a substantial burden worldwide. With the rapid economic and lifestyle transition in China, trends of the prevalence of stroke across different geographic regions in China remain largely unknown. Capitalizing on the data in the National Health Services Surveys (NHSS), we assessed the prevalence and risk factors of stroke in China from 2003 to 2018. In this study, data from 2003, 2008, 2013, and 2018 NHSS were collected. Stroke cases were based on participants' self-report of a previous diagnosis by clinicians. We estimated the trends of stroke prevalence for the overall population and subgroups by age, sex, and socioeconomic factors, then compared across different geographic regions. We applied multivariable logistic regression to assess associations between stroke and risk factors. The number of participants aged 15 years or older were 154,077, 146,231, 230,067, and 212,318 in 2003, 2008, 2013, and 2018, respectively, among whom, 1435, 1996, 3781, and 6069 were stroke patients. The age and sex standardized prevalence per 100,000 individuals was 879 in 2003, 1100 in 2008, 1098 in 2013, and 1613 in 2018. Prevalence per 100,000 individuals in rural areas increased from 669 in 2003 to 1898 in 2018, while urban areas had a stable trend from 1261 in 2003 to 1365 in 2018. Across geographic regions, the central region consistently had the highest prevalence, but the western region has an alarmingly increasing trend from 623/100,000 in 2003 to 1898/100,000 in 2018 (P trend<0.001), surpassing the eastern region in 2013. Advanced age, male sex, rural area, central region, hypertension, diabetes, depression, low education and income level, retirement or unemployment, excessive physical activity, and unimproved sanitation facilities were significantly associated with stroke. In conclusion, the increasing prevalence of stroke in China was primarily driven by economically underdeveloped regions. It is important to develop targeted prevention programs in underdeveloped regions. Besides traditional risk factors, more attention should be paid to nontraditional risk factors to improve the prevention of stroke.

MiR-499 induces cardiac differentiation of rat mesenchymal stem cells through wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway.

OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that over-expressing miR-499 in rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) induces them to differentiate into cardiomyocyte-like cells through the wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway. METHODS: Rat BM-MSCs were infected with lentiviral vectors bearing miR-499. The expression of cardiac-specific markers, NKx2.5, GATA4, MEF2C, and cTnI in these cells were examined by rtPCR or Western blot analysis and the activity of the wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway was evaluated by measuring the phosphorylation status of ß-catenin. RESULTS: Over-expression of miR-499 in rat BM-MSCs increased the expression of cardiac-specific genes, such as NKx2.5, GATA4, MEF2C, and cTnI and decreased the ratio of phosphorylated/dephosphorylated ß-catenin in the wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway, thus activating the pathway. Knocking down the expression of Dvl, an adaptor molecule in the wnt/ß-catenin signaling, partially blocked the role of the miR-499 and decreased those cardiac-specific genes. CONCLUSION: Over-expression of miR-499 in rat BM-MSCs induces them toward cardiac differentiation through the activating the wnt/ß-catenin signal pathway.

Facial perception bias in patients with major depression.

This study used a morphed categorical perception facial expression task to evaluate whether patients with depression demonstrated deficits in distinguishing boundaries between emotions. Forty-one patients with depression and 41 healthy controls took part in this study. They were administered a standardized set of morphed photographs of facial expressions with varying emotional intensities between 0% and 100% of the emotion, in 10% increments to provide a range of intensities from pleasant to unpleasant(e.g. happy to sad, happy to angry) and approach-avoidance (e.g. angry to fearful). Compared with healthy controls, the patients with depression demonstrated a rapid perception of sad expressions in happy-sad emotional continuum and demonstrated a rapid perception of angry expressions in angry-fearful emotional continuum. In addition, when facial expressions shifted from happy to angry, the depressed patients had a clear demarcation for the happy-angry continuum. Depressed patients had a perceptual bias towards unpleasant versus pleasant expressions and the hypersensitivity to angry facial signals might influence the interaction behaviors between depressed patients and others.

Clinical utility of the Snaith-Hamilton-Pleasure scale in the Chinese settings.

BACKGROUND: The Snaith-Hamilton-Pleasure-Scale (SHAPS) is a self-reported scale evaluating anhedonia for neuropsychiatric disorders. It has demonstrated with impressive psychometric properties and advantages in its applicability over other similar instruments. However, very few studies have been conducted to examine the clinical utility of the SHAPS in the context of Chinese settings. The current study aimed to examine the clinical utility of the translated version of the SHAPS in the Chinese clinical settings. METHODS: A Chinese version of SHAPS was administered to 336 college students to examine the internal consistency and test-retest reliability at a 4-week interval. Moreover, the translated SHAPS was also administered to 141 patients with major depression, 72 patients with schizophrenia, and 72 healthy controls to examine its clinical discrimination. RESULTS: The internal consistency of the SHAPS for the non-clinical sample and test-retest reliability at a 4- week interval were 0.85 and 0.64, respectively. Moreover, the SHAPS also showed an excellent internal consistency (alpha was 0.93) and a one-factor solution with the first factor accounted for 51.53% of the variance in the clinical psychiatric samples. ANOVA of the SHAPS total score indicated that the patients with depression scored significantly more anhedonia than the patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls (p<0.001), and the patients with schizophrenia scored significantly more anhedonia than the healthy controls (P<0.02). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the Chinese version of the SHAPS is a useful and promising instrument in assessing anhedonia for clinical patients and non-clinical individuals in the Chinese settings.

A local outbreak of dengue caused by an imported case in Dongguan China.

BACKGROUND: Dengue, a mosquito-borne febrile viral disease, is found in tropical and sub-tropical regions around the world. Since the first occurrence of dengue was confirmed in Guangdong, China in 1978, dengue outbreaks have been reported sequentially in different provinces in South China transmitted by peridomestic Ae. albopictus mosquitoes, diplaying Ae. aegypti, a fully domestic vector that transmits dengue worldwide. Rapid and uncontrolled urbanization is a characteristic change in developing countries, which impacts greatly on vector habitat, human lifestyle and transmission dynamics on dengue epidemics. In September 2010, an outbreak of dengue was detected in Dongguan, a city in Guangdong province characterized by its fast urbanization. An investigation was initiated to identify the cause, to describe the epidemical characteristics of the outbreak, and to implement control measures to stop the outbreak. This is the first report of dengue outbreak in Dongguan, even though dengue cases were documented before in this city. METHODS: Epidemiological data were obtained from local Center of Disease Control and prevention (CDC). Laboratory tests such as real-time Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR), the virus cDNA sequencing, and Enzyme-Linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were employed to identify the virus infection and molecular phylogenetic analysis was performed with MEGA5. The febrile cases were reported every day by the fever surveillance system. Vector control measures including insecticidal fogging and elimination of habitats of Ae. albopictus were used to control the dengue outbreak. RESULTS: The epidemiological studies results showed that this dengue outbreak was initiated by an imported case from Southeast Asia. The outbreak was characterized by 31 cases reported with an attack rate of 50.63 out of a population of 100,000. Ae. albopictus was the only vector species responsible for the outbreak. The virus cDNA sequencing analysis showed that the virus responsible for the outbreak was Dengue Virus serotype-1 (DENV-1). CONCLUSIONS: Several characterized points of urbanization contributed to this outbreak of dengue in Dongguan: the residents are highly concentrated; the residents' life habits helped to form the habitats of Ae. albopictus and contributed to the high Breteau Index; the self-constructed houses lacks of mosquito prevention facilities. This report has reaffirmed the importance of a surveillance system for infectious diseases control and aroused the awareness of an imported case causing the epidemic of an infectious disease in urbanized region.

[Analysis of characteristics of road traffic injuries in Bao'an District, Shenzhen from 2004 to 2011].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the characteristics of road traffic accidents in Bao'an District, Shenzhen from 2004 to 2011, and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of traffic accidents. METHODS: The traffic injury cases recorded by Shenzhen traffic police from 2004 to 2011 were analyzed, including the time (year, month, date); the space (crossings and road segments, road type); the injury of patients (injuries, death). RESULTS: A total of 422 730 accidents from road traffic occurred in Bao'an District, Shenzhen from 2004 to 2011, with 63 809 people injured and 2 790 people died, and the mortality ratio was 22.87:1. Traffic accidents occurred in Bao'an District showed an increasing trend, especially in 2010, and the highest number up to 90 358, while the most deaths occurred in 2007, up to 473 people. As to the single month, the highest traffic accident rate was in August, accounting for 9.77% of the total, while the lowest was in February, accounting for 5.39% of the total; mortality rate in December reached 9.02%. As to one single day, the peaks of accidents occurred in two periods: 9:00-11:00 and 15:00-18:00, and 3:00-6:00 had the smallest number. Traffic injuries often occurred in the intersection, straight line, main road and the section only marked marking. CONCLUSION: According to the characteristics of regional traffic injury, we should enhance the populace traffic safe awareness, efficiently arrange the human resources, such as emergency personnel, traffic management personnel, set scientific preventive measures, and modify the emergency system and service mode. All of these are essential measures for the prevention and control of traffic injuries.