The quality of guidelines on the pancreatic perioperative enhanced recovery after surgery: a systematic quality appraisal using AGREE II instrument.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the quality of guidelines on the pancreatic perioperative enhanced recovery after surgery both domestically and internationally, providing reference and reference for clinical practice. METHODS: Systemically retrieved in the guideline websites, professional association websites and databases, such as up to date, BMJ Best Practice, PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wan Fang Data, China Science and Technology Journal Database(VIP), China Biology Medicine disc (CBMdisc), Medlive, Guidelines International Network(GIN), National Guideline Clearinghouse(NGC), National Institute for Health and Care Excellence(NICE), Registered Nurses Association of Ontario(RNAO), Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network(SIGN), Joanna Briggs Institute Library(JBI), including guidelines and expert consensus on enhanced postsurgical recovery in pancreatic surgery published as of December 20, 2023. The Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II(AGREE II) tool was applied to evaluate the quality of the guidelines by four assessors. RESULTS: This study included seven guidelines, all of which were rated as Grade B in terms of quality, with ICC coefficients ranging from 0.752 to 0.884, indicating a high level of consistency. CONCLUSION: When formulating guidelines in the future, it is recommended to use AGREE II as a reference, emphasizing the standardization of the guideline development process and methods, fully considering patients' values and preferences, focusing on the applicability of the guidelines, and striving to create high-quality evidence-based recommendations.

Identify nitrogen transport paths and sources contribution in karst valley depression area using isotopic approach.

Karst groundwater provides drinking water for a quarter of Earth's population. However, in intensive agricultural regions worldwide, karst water is commonly polluted by nitrate (NO3-), particularly in the valley depression areas with well hydrological connectivity. The valley depression aquifers are particularly vulnerable to anthropogenic pollution because their pipes and sinkholes respond quickly to rainfall events and anthropogenic inputs. Identifying nitrate sources and transport paths in the valley depression areas is key to understanding the nitrogen cycle and effectively preventing and controlling NO3- pollution. This study collected high-resolution samples at four sites including one surface stream-SS, two sinkholes-SH and reservoir-Re, during the wet season in the headwater sub-catchment. The chemical component concentrations and stable isotopes (δ15N-NO3- and δ18O-NO3-) were analyzed. The stable isotope analysis model in R language (SIAR) was used to quantitatively analyze the contribution rate of NO3- sources. The results showed that the down section site (Re) has the highest [NO3--N], followed by SH and the lowest SS. The sources calculation of SIAR demonstrated that, during the non-rainfall period, soil organic nitrogen was the primary source of the down section site, followed by fertilizer and the upper reaches sinkholes. During the rainfall period, fertilizer was the primary source of the down section site, followed by soil organic nitrogen and from upper reaches sinkholes. Rainfall events accelerated fertilizer-leaching into the groundwater. Slight denitrification may have occurred at the sampling sites but the assimilation of Re and SH could not occur. In conclusion, agricultural activities were still the primary influencing factor of [NO3--N] in the study area. Therefore, the focus of NO3- prevention and control in the valley depression areas should consider the methods and timing of fertilization and the spatial distribution of sinkholes. To reduce nitrogen flux in the valley depression area, effective management policy should consider, e.g., prolongation of water residence time by wetland, and blocking nitrogen loss paths by sinkholes.

[Research Progress in the Correlation Between Oral Microbiota and Chronic Kidney Disease].

Chronic kidney disease (CKD), one of the common clinical urological diseases, is increasingly more prevalent in recent years and has emerged as a major concern of public health around the globe. The continuous recurrence of CKD caused by renal function impairment leads eventually to irreversible renal failure and severe systemic complications, which causes severe negative impact on the quality of life of the patient. As an essential component of human microbiome, oral microbiota plays a major role in maintaining health, and there has been research suggesting close association between oral dysbiosis and CKD. It is therefore of great clinical significance to understand the correlation between CKD and oral microbiota. Herein, we reviewed the characteristics of oral microbiota of CKD patients, the possible mechanisms of oral microbiota's involvement in the pathogenesis and development of CKD, and the latest research findings on oral dysbiosis and CKD, with a view to finding new approaches to early prevention and control of CKD through oral microbial targets.

SYT-SSX1 enhances the invasiveness and maintains stem-like cell properties in synovial sarcoma via induction of TGF-ß1/Smad signaling.

BACKGROUND: Synovial sarcoma (SS) is a type of soft tissue sarcoma (STS) of undetermined tissue origin, which is characterized by the recurrent pathognomonic chromosomal translocation t (X;18)(p11.2; q11.2). Studies have shown that SS is a malignant tumor originating from cancer stem cells or pluripotent mesenchymal stem cells and may be related to fusion genes. In addition, some studies have indicated that the induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) via the TGF-ß1/Smad signaling pathway leads to SS metastasis. METHODS: We analyzed the effects of SYT-SSX1 on the stemness of SS cells via TGF-ß1/Smad signaling in vitro. The SYT-SSX1 fusion gene high expression cell was constructed by lentiviral stable transfer technology. SYT-SSX1 and SW982 cells were cultured and tested for sphere-forming ability. The transwell migration assay and flow cytometry were used to assess the migration ability of the sphere cells as well as the expression of CSC-related markers. We treated SYT-SSX1 cells with rhTGF-ß1 (a recombinant agent of the TGF-ß1 signaling pathway) and SB431542 and observed morphological changes. A CCK-8 experiment and a western blot (WB) experiment were conducted to detect the expression of TGF-ß1 signaling pathway- and EMT-related proteins after treatment. The SYT-SSX1 cells were then cultured and their ability to form spheres was tested. Flow cytometry, WB, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were used to detect the expression of CSC surface markers on SYT-SSX1 sphere cells. RESULTS: It was found that SYT-SSX1 has stronger sphere-forming ability, migration ability, and higher expression of CSC-related molecules than SW982 cells. Through treating SYT-SSX1 and SW982 cells with rhTGF-ß1 and SB431542, we found that TGF-ß1 enhanced the proliferation of cells, induced EMT, and that TGF-ß1 enhanced the characteristics of tumor stem cells. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that SYT-SSX1 enhances invasiveness and maintains stemness in SS cells via TGF-ß1/Smad signaling. These findings reveal an effective way to potentially improve the prognosis of patients with SS by eliminating the characteristics of cancer stem cells (CSCs) during treatment.

Two new dinor-eudesmane sesquiterpenoids from the roots of Chloranthus multistachys.

Two new dinor-eudesmane sesquiterpenoids, named multistalin A (1), and multistalin B (2), together with three sesquiterpene glycosides (3-5), and a norlabdane-type diterpene (6) were isolated from the root extract of Chloranthus multistachys Pei. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis including 1D, 2D NMR techniques and HR-ESI-MS. In addition, the cytotoxicity activities of the isolated compounds against selected cancer cells (Hela and A-549) were evaluated by MTT assay.

Comprehensive analysis of formin gene family highlights candidate genes related to pollen cytoskeleton and male fertility in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

BACKGROUND: Formin, a highly conserved multi-domain protein, interacts with microfilaments and microtubules. Although specifically expressed formin genes in anthers are potentially significant in research on male sterility and hybrid wheat breeding, similar reports in wheat, especially in thermo-sensitive genic male sterile (TGMS) wheat, remain elusive. RESULTS: Herein, we systematically characterized the formin genes in TGMS wheat line BS366 named TaFormins (TaFHs) and predicted their functions in inducing stress response. In total, 25 TaFH genes were uncovered, majorly localized in 2A, 2B, and 2D chromosomes. According to the neighbor-joining (NJ) method, all TaFH proteins from wheat and other plants clustered in 6 sub-groups (A-F). The modeled 3D structures of TaFH1-A/B, TaFH2-A/B, TaFH3-A/B and TaFH3-B/D were validated. And different numbers of stress and hormone-responsive regulatory elements in their 1500 base pair promoter regions were contained in the TaFH genes copies. TaFHs had specific temporal and spatial expression characteristics, whereby TaFH1, TaFH4, and TaFH5 were expressed highly in the stamen of BS366. Besides, the accumulation of TaFHs was remarkably lower in a low-temperature sterile condition (Nanyang) than fertile condition (Beijing), particularly at the early stamen development stage. The pollen cytoskeleton of BS366 was abnormal in the three stages under sterile and fertile environments. Furthermore, under different stress levels, TaFHs expression could be induced by drought, salt, abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and low temperature. Some miRNAs, including miR167, miR1120, and miR172, interacts with TaFH genes; thus, we constructed an interaction network between microRNAs, TaFHs, phytohormone responses, and distribution of cytoskeleton to reveal the regulatory association between upstream genes of TaFH family members and sterile. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, this comprehensive analysis provides novel insights into TaFHs and miRNA resources for wheat breeding. These findings are, therefore, valuable in understanding the mechanism of TGMS fertility conversion in wheat.

[Research progress of Astragali Radix fermentation].

Astragali Radix is one of traditional Chinese medicines with effects in invigorating Qi for consolidating superficies, inducing diuresis to alleviate edema, promoting pus discharge and tissue regeneration. In recent years, the traditional Chinese medicine fermentation technology has received extensive attentions due to its high efficiency and safety. The pharmacological functions of traditional Chinese medicines could be further enhanced after microbial fermentation, which has a broad development prospects. In this paper, we summarized relevant literatures of Astragali Radix fermentation in such aspects as fermentation strains, fermentation forms, process optimization, active ingredients and pharmacological effects, in the expectation of providing a reference for development and utilization of Astragali Radix.

Migrant workers in China need emergency psychological interventions during the COVID-19 outbreak.

The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been found in more than 200 countries worldwide since December, 2019. In China, a major reason for the rapid transmission of the COVID-19 in early stage of the outbreak is the huge numbers of passengers boarding their "last train home" to meet family members during the Spring Festival. Most of these travelers were internal migrant workers. In order to reduce the risk of the COVID-19 transmission, public transportation networks were suspended, and many migrant workers who returned to their hometowns needed to be quarantined for 2 weeks, which led to the delay of returning back to cities to work. Many businesses have temporarily closed because of the risk of COVID-19 transmission, leading to unemployment of many workers. Sudden loss of income and further quarantine enforcement in cities can exacerbate existing mental health problems or trigger new mental disorders among affected migrant workers. However, to date no specific guidelines or strategies about mental health services of migrant workers have been released. Health authorities and professionals should pay more attention to this vulnerable group and provide timely mental health service support for those in need.

Prevalence and correlates of fatigue and its association with quality of life among clinically stable older psychiatric patients during the COVID-19 outbreak: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: The pattern of fatigue in older psychiatric patients during the COVID-19 outbreak was unknown. This study examined the prevalence of fatigue and its association with overall quality of life (overall QOL) in clinically stable older patients with psychiatric disorders during the COVID-19 outbreak. METHODS: This was a multicenter, cross-sectional study. Fatigue, depressive symptoms, pain, insomnia symptoms, and overall QOL were assessed with standardized instruments. RESULTS: A total of 1063 patients were recruited. The prevalence of fatigue was 47.1% (95%CI: 44.1-50.1%). An analysis of covariance revealed that overall QOL was significantly lower in patients with fatigue compared to those without (P = 0.011). A multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that more severe depressive symptoms (OR = 1.15, P < 0.001), insomnia symptoms (OR = 1.08, P < 0.001) and pain (OR = 1.43, P < 0.001) were significantly associated with fatigue. CONCLUSIONS: Fatigue is common among clinically stable older patients with psychiatric disorders during the COVID-19 outbreak. Considering its negative impact on overall QOL, regular assessment of fatigue and appropriate treatment warrant attention in this subpopulation.

[UHPLC-HRMS metabonomics to study effect of sulfur-fumigated Ophiopogonis Radix on endogenous metabolites in rats].

The project was launched to analyze the effects of sulfur-fumigated Ophiopogonis Radix on endogenous metabolites in rats by metabonomics. The preparation method of sulfur-fumigated Ophiopogonis Radix in laboratory was established. Then the blood samples of SD rats in blank group,Ophiopogonis Radix extract group and sulfur-fumigated Ophiopogonis Radix extract group were investigated by UHPLC-Q-Exactive. The differential metabolites were screened and identified by PCA(principal component analysis),OPLSDA(orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis) and variable importance projection(VIP),and the metabolic pathways were analyzed. Finally,a total of 15 potential biomarkers were identified. Compared with the samples of Ophiopogonis Radix extract group,sulfur-fumigated Ophiopogonis Radix mainly affected the biosynthesis and metabolism of amino acids in normal rats. Its mechanism may be related to the biosynthesis of phenylalanine,tyrosine,tryptophan and aminoacyl-tRNA as well as the metabolism of phenylalanine and tryptophan. Based on UHPLC-HRMS metabonomics,this paper discussed the effects of sulfur-fumigated Ophiopogonis Radix on endogenous metabolites in rats,which provided an idea for the metabolic study of other sulfur-fumigated traditional Chinese medicines.

Laser capture microdissection for detecting the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related genes in epithelial and spindle cells of paraffin-embedded formalin-fixed biphasic synovial sarcoma.

Synovial sarcoma (SS) is a mesenchymal malignant neoplasm showing characteristics of epithelial-mesenchymal biphasic differentiation. SS is of uncertain cellular origin; however, studies have suggested that SS originates from a somatic stem cell population. In this study, we aim to determine whether differential morphological features of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) contributed to the tumourigenesis of SS invasion and metastasis. Twelve paraffin-embedded formalin-fixed tissue (FFPE) SS tissue specimens were obtained, and laser capture microdissection (LCM) with the ArcturusXT system and small chip method (SCM) were used to isolate and purify spindle and epithelial cells from SS specimens. The TRIzol method was used to extract RNA, and the mRNA levels of EMT-related genes in epithelial and spindle cells of SS specimens were measured using real-time fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The results show that collection of about 2 × 104 cells from FFPE samples using LCM was sufficient for qRT-PCR, with an efficiency of 75%. Compared with LCM, 72.2% (13 of 18) RNA samples were successfully extracted using SCM to isolate cells from FFPE SS tissues. In the 16 samples (11 spindle cell samples and 5 epithelial cell samples), Snail mRNA was significantly upregulated in spindle cell areas compared with that in epithelial cell areas (P = .001). Expression levels of the epithelial marker E-cadherin and the mesenchymal marker N-cadherin were not significantly different between epithelial and spindle cell areas. In spindle cells of recurrent SS samples, the mRNA levels of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Snail, and Slug were higher in primary SS samples than in recurrent samples. Taken together, our results indicated that in SS samples, Snail mRNA was upregulated in spindle cell areas compared with that in epithelial cell areas and that the expression of EMT-related genes was increased in primary SS. LCM could be used to isolate and purify RNA from FFPE samples.

[Simultaneous determination of febrifugine and isofebrifugine in Dichroa febrifuga root by HPLC method].

To develop the HPLC method for simultaneous determination of febrifugine and isofebrifugine in Dichroa febrifuga root, and on the basis of this, the feasibility of quantitative analysis of multi-component by a single-marker (QAMS) model for the determination of the two alkaloids was investigated. The chromatographic separation was performed on an octadecyl bonded silica gel column with mixed solvent consisting of acetonitrile-water-glacial acetic acid-triethylamine (9∶91∶0.36∶0.745) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL•min⁻¹. The detection wavelength was set at 225 nm, and the column temperature was set at 30 ℃. The linear range of febrifugine and isofebrifugine were 10.7-426 ng and 10.6-424 ng, respectively. Their average recovery were 98.33% (RSD 2.7%) and 100.4% (RSD 1.8%), respectively. On the basis of this established method, febrifugine was used as the internal reference substance to calculate the relative correction factors (RCF) and the relative retention values (RRV) of isofebrifugine to febrifugine. Through a series of methodology evaluations, the two alkaloids were simultaneously assayed only by quantitative determination of febrifugine. This result played the part of demonstration role for the application of QAMS model in the determination of isomers.

[Qualitative and quantitative analysis of Evodiae Fructus based on the UPLC technology].

An UPLC method was developed for the studies of fingerprint and quantification of multi-components for Evodiae Fructus. The chromatographic separation was performed on a C18 column (2.1 mm×50 mm,1.7 µm) with mobile phase of 0.2% formic acid-acetonitrile and 0.2% formic acid-water in gradient mode, and the detection wavelength was set at 320 nm．Dehydroevodiamine was used as the reference peak, there were 24 common peaks in the fingerprint of 29 samples were detected, and among them 10 chromatographic peaks were identified with the reference substance and they were neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, hyperin, isorhamnetin-3-O-ß-D-rutinoside, dehydroevodiamine, evodiamine, rutaecarpine, evocarpine and dihydroevocarpine. The fingerprint data was evaluated with similarity evaluation system for chromatographic fingerprint of traditional Chinese medicine (Version 2008A), and the similarity of 19 batches of Evodiae Fructus was greater than 0.9 in the 29 samples. In addition, 9 components including neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, hyperin, isorhamnetin-3-O-ß-D-rutinoside, dehydroevodiamine, evodiamine, rutaecarpine, evocarpine and dihydroevocarpine were simultaneously determined at the same chromatographic conditions, whose peak area integral values showed good linear relationship at the range of 0.000 46-0.138, 0.000 146-0.175, 0.000 412-0.124, 0.000 448-0.134, 0.000 452-0.136, 0.003 38-0.169, 0.000 44-0.132, 0.001 07-0.128, 0.001 71-0.128, respectively. Their average recoveries were 100.3%, 100.4%, 101.6%, 97.51%, 102.9%, 101.4%, 103.8%, 104.0%, 95.99%, and RSD were 2.4%, 2.0%, 3.0%, 0.80%, 1.9%, 2.1%, 1.1%, 2.2%, 2.4%, respectively. The established UPLC method not only realized the full separation of all chemical constituents of Evodiae Fructus within 20 minutes, but also achieved the chromatographic fingerprint determination and simultaneous multi-components determination of Evodiae Fructus at the same chromatographic conditions. Compared with other methods in literatures, the method has the following characteristics of strong specificity, good separation, high purity of chromatographic peaks, simplity and feasibility, which provides better means for the simultaneous qualitative and quantitative analysis of Evodiae Fructus.

[Determination of Five Active Components in Morinda officinalis from Different Habitats by HPLC].

OBJECTIVE: To establish a sensitive and specific high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for simultaneous determination of alizarin anthraquinones (1-methoxy-2-hydroxy anthraquinone,1,2-dimethoxy-3-hydroxy anthraquinone, rubiadin-1- methylether, 1,3-dihydroxy-2-methoxy anthraquinone, rubiadin) in Morinda officinalis from different habitats. METHODS: The analysis was carried out on an Ecosil C18 column (250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 µm) and detected with an UV detector at the wavelength of 277 nm. Gradient elution was carried out with acetonitrile-0.2% phosphoric acid at the flow rate of 0. 8 mL/min. The column temperature was set at 30 °C. RESULTS: The calibration curves were linear in the range of 0.2856-34.27 g/mL for 1-methoxy-2-hydroxy anthraquinone (r = 0.9999), 0.3268-39.22 g/mL for 1,2-dimethoxy-3-hydroxy anthraquinone (r = 0.9999), 0.3450-41.40 µg/mL for rubiadin-1- methylether (r = 0.9999), 0.1248-14. 98 µg/mL for 1,3-dihydroxy-2-methoxy anthraquinone (r = 0.9999) and 0.0508-6.096 µg/ mL for rubiadin (r = 0.9994), respectively. The average recoveries of the five components were 99.4%, 100.2%, 101.4%, 97.2%, 103.2%, respectively. The content of active components of samples from 10 different hatitats were in the range of 0.0025-0.0722 mg/ g, 0.0016-0.0658 mg/g, 0.0022-0.0684 mg/g, 0.0182-0.3965 mg/g and 0. 0014-0.0179 mg/g. CONCLUSION: The established method is accurate, reliable, and can be used for the simultaneous determination of the five components in Morinda officinalis, which provides a scientific basis for the quality evaluation of Morinda officinalis.

Biofunction and clinical potential of extracellular vesicles from methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), a globally widespread pathogen that is highly resistant to antibiotics, can lead to serious infection, and has fairly limited treatment options. Over decades, extracellular vesicles (EVs) from MRSA have received increasing attention, and their roles in the pathogenesis of MRSA have been well studied. The secretion process of MRSA EVs is complex and regulated by various factors. During this process, EVs carry a variety of bioactive molecules including enzymes, lipoproteins, toxins, DNA, and RNA, which play important roles in antibiotic resistance, cytotoxicity, and immune escape. Biological enzymes and drug resistance genes are important factors for MRSA EVs to promote drug resistance. As the components of EVs are derived from MRSA, these compounds can trigger the immune response of the host, and thus have great potential as a vaccine. These lipid-coated vesicles secreted by MRSA contain a variety of bioactive factors, which are considered as the critical factors affecting the pathogenesis, drug resistance, and colonization of MRSA, and thus have the potential to treat these patients infected with MRSA. However, the clinical application of MRSA EVs as the acellular vaccines is still a long way off, and further research should be encouraged to bridge the gap between theoretical study and practical application.

The effect of reservoir expansion from underground karst cave to surface reservoir on water quality in southwestern China.

Due to the excessive exploitation of traditional energy sources, the attention paid to water energy has increased in recent years. As an important means to effectively utilize water energy, reservoirs play an important role in drinking water, irrigation, flood control, and drought resistance. However, utilizing reservoirs often led to water quality issues resulting from the interaction of nutrients and hydrological conditions, especially due to the special structure of karst areas. Because of the change of hydrological conditions by the effect of dam construction, the dynamic of water quality will be more obvious in karst areas with a fast exchange of water and contaminants between underground and surface streams. In the present study, the change in water quality of a karst reservoir, the Muzhu Reservoir in the Houzhai Catchment, was studied. Long-term monitored datasets (1981-2002) and water quality datasets of more recent years were used to assess the effect on the water quality of reservoir expansion from the underground reservoir to the surface reservoir in a karst area. Long-term series datasets had shown that the hydro-chemistry type had been changed from HCO3-·SO42--Ca2+·Mg2+ type to HCO3--Ca2+ type in the short term after the reservoir's expansion. The chemical components of water originating from a rock background reduced markedly after the reservoir's expansion, whereas the content of the anthropogenic contribution in the water decreased after the expansion, except in April and May. Isotopic characteristics showed that δ15N-NO3- and δ18O-NO3- values were positively correlated before and after the reservoir expansion, but the slope of the linear regression before the expansion was 0.34, while the slope of the linear regression before the expansion was close to 0.7. This indicated that although denitrification and assimilation may occur simultaneously after the reservoir's expansion, the role of denitrification on nitrate removal decreased, which resulted in nitrate accumulation in the karst reservoir. The results highlighted that nitrate accumulation in karst reservoirs should be monitored to decrease nitrate concentration in the future.

Prevalence, correlates, and network analysis of depression and its associated quality of life among ophthalmology nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: Nurses in Ophthalmology Department (OD) had a high risk of infection during the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study examined the prevalence, correlates, and network structure of depression, and explored its association with quality of life (QOL) in Chinese OD nurses. Methods: Based on a cross-sectional survey, demographic and clinical data were collected. Depression was measured with the 9-item Self-reported Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and QOL was measured using the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire-brief version (WHOQOL-BREF). Univariate analyses, multivariate logistic regression analyses, and network analyses were performed. Results: Altogether, 2,155 OD nurses were included. The overall prevalence of depression among OD nurses was 32.71% (95%CI: 30.73-34.70%). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that having family or friends or colleagues who were infected (OR = 1.760, p = 0.003) was significantly associated with higher risk of depression. After controlling for covariates, nurses with depression reported lower QOL (F(1, 2,155) = 596.784, p < 0.001) than those without depression. Network analyses revealed that 'Sad Mood', 'Energy Loss' and 'Worthlessness' were the key central symptoms. Conclusion: Depression was common among OD nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Considering the negative impact of depression on QOL and daily life, regular screening for depression, timely counselling service, and psychiatric treatment should be provided for OD nurses, especially those who had infected family/friends or colleagues. Central symptoms identified in network analysis should be targeted in the treatment of depression.

[Differences between oral and intestinal microorganisms of 860 children aged 1-6 years in Nanjing city].

PURPOSE: To explore the differences between oral and intestinal microorganisms of 860 children aged 1-6 years in Nanjing city. METHODS: Eight hundred and sixty children aged 1-6 years who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled. 860 saliva samples and equivalent stool samples were collected. Microbial DNA was extracted and amplified using PCR. High-throughput sequencing was performed using Miseq sequencer, and bioinformatics analysis was performed to compare the differences of oral and intestinal microflora. SPSS 20.0 software package was used to perform the statistical analysis. RESULTS: At phylum level, Bacteroidetes (39.98%), Proteobacteria (25.32%) and Firmicutes (21.78%) were the most common microbes in oral cavity, while Firmicutes (45.21%) and Bacteroidetes (37.21%) were the most abundant microbes in the gut. At genus level, the top three microbes in the oral cavity included Prevotella(26.11%), Neisseria (12.39%), Porphyromonas(10.13%), while the top three microbes in the gut included Bacteroidetes(20.11%), Prevotella (9.13%), and Faecalibacterium (5.13%). There were significant alpha and beta differences in oral and intestinal microbial diversity. CONCLUSIONS: Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria are the dominant species in the oral cavity, while Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes are the dominant species in the gut. There are significant differences in species composition and abundance between oral and intestinal microorganisms.

[Research on the pathogeny of black tooth stain and association between black tooth stain and primary dentition caries in children].

PURPOSE: To investigate the related factors of black tooth stain in primary teeth of 3~5 years old children and caries status of primary dentition in these children. METHODS: From December 2019 to August 2020, 182 3~5 years old children with black tooth stain and 200 children without pigmentation were investigated by oral examination and questionnaire survey to their guardians, while caries status , distribution range of the pigment, factors associated with black tooth stain were evaluated. SPSS 20.0 software package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: Children with black tooth stain had fewer dental caries. The lingual surfaces of the mandibular anterior teeth were the most affected sites. Factors associated with black tooth stain were foods with soy sauce and brushing teeth with parents' help. CONCLUSIONS: There is a negative correlation between the occurrence of primary dentition caries and blacktooth stain, but there is no significant correlation between formation of black tooth stain and most environmental factors.