The Role of Adiposity in the Association Between Physical Activity and Blood Pressure in Children.

Purpose: To analyze whether body adiposity mediates and/or moderates the association between time in moderate-to-vigorous physical activities (MVPA) and blood pressure in children. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 577 children aged 5 to 7 years old. MVPA was measured by accelerometry. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and the sum of tricipital and subscapular skinfolds (skinfolds) assessed children's body adiposity. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were used as the dependent variables. Results: In the primary analysis adjusting for BMI or skinfolds measures, additional time in MVPA was associated with higher SBP. On the other hand, further analyses showed that children in the largest BMI tertile (ßSBP:0.18; 95%CI: 0.12-0.24; ßDBP:0.11; 95%CI: 0.05-0.17), waist circumference (ßSBP:0.16; CI: 0.09-0.22; ßDBP:0.08; CI:0.02-0.14), or sum of skinfolds (ßSBP:0.18; CI: 0.11-0.24; ßDBP:0.09; CI: 0.03-0.16) presented a positive relationship between MVPA and blood pressure whereas no positive association was observed for children in the first and second adiposity tertiles. Adiposity also mediated the association between MVPA and blood pressure. A decrease of 0.03 mmHg in the systolic blood pressure was observed by decreasing the sum of skinfolds for each additional minute per day in MVPA. A decrease in diastolic blood pressure of 0.02 mmHg was observed for each additional minute per day in MVPA, which was related to a negative association between time in MVPA and waist circumference and sum of skinfolds. Conclusion: Not accounting for the potential moderation and mediation role of adiposity may lead to misinterpretations in the MVPA and blood pressure relationship.

Função muscular de membros inferiores e massa muscular em jogadores de futebol / Muscular function of lower limbs and muscular mass in soccer players

Introdução: No futebol a força muscular exerce um papel fundamental nas ações técnicos/táticas realizadas durante uma partida. Objetivo: Investigar a relação entre a função muscular de membros inferiores e a massa muscular total em jogadores. Métodos: Dezesseis jogadores realizaram avaliação isocinética concêntrica na extensão e flexão de joelhos por membro dominante. Foram realizadas avaliações antropométricas e estimativas da massa muscular. Resultados: Foi observado que a massa muscular total apresentou uma relação positiva com o pico de torque (r=0,67, p=0,005; r=0,62, p=0,011), potência (r=0,59, p=0,017; r=0,60, p=0,015) e função global (r= 0,59; p= 0,017; r= 0,60; p= 0,013) na extensão do joelho em ambos os membros e no trabalho total (r=0,63, p=0,009) apenas no membro dominante. Nenhuma relação significante foi encontrada na ação de flexão do joelho. Conclusão: A relação entre a massa muscular total e as variáveis da função muscular podem ser utilizados como indicadores da capacidade de produção de força e assimetrias dos membros inferiores em jogadores.

Introduction: In soccer muscular strength plays a key role in the technical / tactics actions during the game. Objective: To investigate the relationship between lower limb muscle function and total muscle mass in players. Methods: Sixteen players performed concentric isokinetic evaluation on extension and knee flexion by dominant member. Anthropometric evaluations and muscle mass estimates were performed. Results: It was observed that the total muscle mass presented a positive relation with the peak torque (r = 0.67, p = 0.005, r = 0.62, p = 0.011) 0.017, r = 0.60, p = 0.015) and overall function (r = 0.59, p = 0.017, r = 0.60, p = 0.013) on knee extension in both limbs and total work = 0.63, p = 0.009) in the dominant limb only. No significant relationship was found in the knee flexion action. Conclusion: The relationship between total muscle mass and muscle function variables can be used as indicators of strength capacity and functional asymmetries of lower limbs in players.

Associação entre obesidade geral e abdominal com a hipertensão arterial em idosas ativas / Association of general and abdominal obesity with hypertension in active elderly

A hipertensão arterial é o principal fator de risco cardiovascular, principalmente na população idosa, sendo o aumento da gordura corporal um fator predisponente para sua ocorrência. O presente estudo tem como objetivo identificar, entre os indicadores antropométricos de obesidade geral e abdominal, aqueles que apresentam associação com a hipertensão arterial em idosas ativas. Foi avaliada a pressão arterial e a antropometria de 71 mulheres ativas (65,5 ± 4,38anos) e, posteriormente, calculados o índice de massa corporal, a circunferência da cintura, a relação cintura/quadril, o índice de conicidade e a razão cintura/estatura. Para análise dos dados, cada índice antropométrico foi categorizado em tercis, utilizando a regressão logística binária para análise da magnitude das associações. As prevalências encontradas de hipertensão arterial, sobrepeso e obesidade foram de 32,4%, 49,3% e 15,5%, respectivamente. Após o ajuste pela idade, apenas a circunferência da cintura e a razão cintura/estatura obtiveram associação significante com a hipertensão (P<0,05). As idosas ativas que se encontravam no terceiro tercil da circunferência da cintura (>94) e da razão cintura/estatura (>0,62) tiveram 5,93 e 4,39 mais chances de serem hipertensas, respectivamente.

Hypertension is a major cardiovascular risk factor, especially in the elderly population, being the increased body fat a predisposing factor for its occurrence. This study aimed to identify, among anthropometric indicators of general and abdominal obesity, those who show an association with hypertension in active elderly. Were evaluated blood pressure and anthropometry of 71 active women (65.5 ± 4.38 years) and subsequently calculated the body mass index, waist circumference, waist / hip ratio, conicity index and waist / height. For data analysis, each anthropometric index was categorized into tertiles, using binary logistic regression to analyze the magnitude of the associations. The prevalences found of hypertension, overweight and obesity were 32.4%, 49.3% and 15.5%, respectively. After adjusting for age, only waist circumference and waist / height had a significant association with hypertension (P <0.05). The active older women who were in the third tertile of waist circumference (> 94) and the waist / height (> 0.62) were 5.93 and 4.39 more likely to be hypertensive respectively.

O padrão de beleza corporal sobre o corpo feminino mediante o IMC / The beauty standard over the female body based on the BMI

O objetivo deste estudo foi confirmar a existência de um padrão de beleza sobre o corpo feminino e defini-lo mediante um parâmetro de caráter científico, qual seja o Índice de Massa Corporal, bem como saber como este corpo é representado socialmente. Participaram 151 sujeitos, entre os quais alunos dos cursos de licenciatura, bacharelado e pós-graduação em Educação Física da Universidade de Pernambuco, respondendo um questionário com perguntas que permitiram a análise de um painel com fotos de sete mulheres entre 18 e 22 anos. O estudo confirmou não só a existência de um padrão de beleza sobre o corpo feminino, como também uma tendência à uniformidade na percepção do corpo belo realizada por estudantes e profissionais de Educação Física, bem como por indivíduos que não compõem este subgrupo social.

The objective of this study was to confirm the existence of a beauty standard over the feminine body and to define it by means of a scientific standard, which is the Body Mass Index, as well as to know how this body is socially represented. One hundred and fifty-one subjects, including undergraduate and postgraduate students of Physical Education from the State University of Pernambuco, answered a questionnaire that included questions which allowed the analysis of a panel containing photos of 7 women aged between 18 and 22 years. Not only the existence of a standard of physical beauty in our society was confirmed, but also a tendency to uniformity in the perception of a beautiful body by Physical Education students and professionals, as well as by individuals not included in this group.