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PLoS Negl Trop Dis ; 4(2): e604, 2010 Feb 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20169058

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Chagas disease is a neglected disease caused by the intracellular parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. Around 30% of the infected patients develop chronic cardiomyopathy or megasyndromes, which are high-cost morbid conditions. Immune response against myocardial self-antigens and exacerbated Th1 cytokine production has been associated with the pathogenesis of the disease. As IL-17 is involved in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune, inflammatory and infectious diseases, we investigated its role during the infection with T. cruzi. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: First, we detected significant amounts of CD4, CD8 and NK cells producing IL-17 after incubating live parasites with spleen cells from normal BALB/c mice. IL-17 is also produced in vivo by CD4(+), CD8(+) and NK cells from BALB/c mice on the early acute phase of infection. Treatment of infected mice with anti-mouse IL-17 mAb resulted in increased myocarditis, premature mortality, and decreased parasite load in the heart. IL-17 neutralization resulted in increased production of IL-12, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha and enhanced specific type 1 chemokine and chemokine receptors expression. Moreover, the results showed that IL-17 regulates T-bet, RORgammat and STAT-3 expression in the heart, showing that IL-17 controls the differentiation of Th1 cells in infected mice. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: These results show that IL-17 controls the resistance to T. cruzi infection in mice regulating the Th1 cells differentiation, cytokine and chemokine production and control parasite-induced myocarditis, regulating the influx of inflammatory cells to the heart tissue. Correlations between the levels of IL-17, the extent of myocardial destruction, and the evolution of cardiac disease could identify a clinical marker of disease progression and may help in the design of alternative therapies for the control of chronic morbidity of chagasic patients.


Assuntos
Cardiomiopatia Chagásica/imunologia , Cardiomiopatia Chagásica/patologia , Interleucina-17/imunologia , Interleucina-17/metabolismo , Trypanosoma cruzi/imunologia , Animais , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/imunologia , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/imunologia , Células Cultivadas , Feminino , Células Matadoras Naturais/imunologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Baço/imunologia , Células Th1/imunologia
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