Wound healing activity of aqueous dispersion of fullerene C60 produced by "green technology".

In addition to exhibited antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, fullerene C60 is a promising wound healing agent. An important stage in the production of fullerene-based ointments is the stability of the aqueous fullerene dispersion (AFD) with minimum size of colloidal fullerene aggregates and sufficiently high concentration. To achieve these parameters tangential flow filtration of fullerene C60 was used ("green technology"). As estimated by small-angle neutron scattering and dynamic light scattering purified AFDs with narrow-size distribution nanoclusters have a size of 6 nm and are assembled into agglomerates which reach a size of 150 nm. The ability of the AFD to exhibit regenerative activity was studied using the animal wound model. This study shows for the first time that the fullerene-based composition stimulates the healing of wounds of various origins. We assume that the mechanism of the AFD wound-healing activity is associated with the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and macrophages activity.

Analysis of the Effect of Neuroprotectors That Reduce the Level of Degeneration of Neurons in the Rat Hippocampus Caused by Administration of Beta-Amyloid Peptide Aß25-35.

Deposition of beta-amyloid peptide in the brain observed in Alzheimer's disease contributes to the development of cognitive deficits. We studied the abilities of different neuroprotectors to prevent or reduce degeneration of hippocampal neurons in rat brain 14 and 45 days after single intrahippocampal injection of beta-amyloid peptide 25-35 (Aß25-35). Cytological analysis of the neurons of the hippocampal CA1 and CA3 fields showed predominant damage to CA1 neurons in 14 days and CA3 neurons in 45 days after Aß25-35 administration. Single preliminary administrations of neuroprotectors fullerene C60FWS (antioxidant), neuromedin (nonselective inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase), and AM404 (activator of the endocannabinoid system) largely prevented neurodegeneration of neurons. Fullerene produced the most pronounced protective effect, which can be explained by its ability to prevent aggregation of proteins and destroy Aß25-35 fibrils. The combined use of these neuroprotectors can provide the basis for the development of new approaches to prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

[ACTIV SARS-CoV-2 registry (Analysis of Chronic Non-infectious Diseases Dynamics After COVID-19 Infection in Adult Patients). Assessment of impact of combined original comorbid diseases in patients with COVID-19 on the prognosis].

AIM: Study the impact of various combinations of comorbid original diseases in patients infected with COVID-19 later on the disease progression and outcomes of the new coronavirus infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The ACTIV registry was created on the Eurasian Association of Therapists initiative. 5,808 patients have been included in the registry: men and women with COVID-19 treated at hospital or at home. CLINICALTRIALS: gov ID NCT04492384. RESULTS: Most patients with COVID-19 have original comorbid diseases (oCDs). Polymorbidity assessed by way of simple counting of oCDs is an independent factor in negative outcomes of COVID-19. Search for most frequent combinations of 2, 3 and 4 oCDs has revealed absolute domination of cardiovascular diseases (all possible variants). The most unfavorable combination of 2 oCDs includes atrial hypertension (AH) and chronic heart failure (CHF). The most unfavorable combination of 3 oCDs includes AH, coronary heart disease (CHD) and CHF; the worst combination of 4 oCDs includes AH, CHD, CHF and diabetes mellitus. Such combinations increased the risk of lethal outcomes 3.963, 4.082 and 4.215 times respectively. CONCLUSION: Polymorbidity determined by way of simple counting of diseases may be estimated as a factor in the lethal outcome risk in the acute phase of COVID-19 in real practice. Most frequent combinations of 2, 3 and 4 diseases in patients with COVID-19 primarily include cardiovascular diseases (AH, CHD and CHF), diabetes mellitus and obesity. Combinations of such diseases increase the COVID-19 lethal outcome risk.

[The cognitive status and aspects of life quality of the Russian researchers].

The publications analysis confirms necessity of studying both status of cognitive capacities of researchers and factors associated with cognitive aging. THE PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: To assess cognitive functions and quality of life of researchers of state institutions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The single-stage section of state institutions was applied to arrange sampling of 53 researchers (28 females and 25 males) aged from 22 to 73 years. The respondents filled questionnaires "Cognitive screening", "Age is not a drawback", "Depression Geriatric Scale", "Russian validated version of QOL questionnaire SF-36". RESULTS: As in general population, among researchers certain decrease in quality of life with age was established. The respondents aged from 50 to 59 years demonstrated lower indices on scales of physical functioning (p = 0.04), body pain (p = 0.03) and role functioning due to physical condition (p = 0.006). At that, indices of vital activity and social functioning tended to improvement with age. The cognitive impairments were absent in 96.23% of researchers aged from 22 to 73 years and they were present in 1.89% of respondents. In 47.17% of respondents aged from 22 to 67 years, no senile asthenia syndrome was observed. The preasthenia was registered in 39.62% of respondents aged from 24 to 69 years. The syndrome of senile asthenia was established in 11.32% of respondents aged 25-73 years. The depression was absent in 83.02% of respondents aged from 22 to 69 years and it was probably present in 7.55% of respondents aged from 25 to 33 and 49 years. CONCLUSION: According to data of complex screening self-testing, it is established that current state of researchers is characterized by availability of complex of problems related to health disorders, decreased cognitive functions, development of premature aging syndrome and presence of significant number of risk factors of health disorders due to high frequency and combination of these factors. The relationship between cognitive functions and quality of life of researchers is established, in particular, according to scales "Physical functioning", "General health", "Vitality", "Social functioning", "Mental health".

[The suicidal activity and comorbid mental pathology in persons with gender dystrophia].

According to foreign publications, 58% of patients with gender disorders had additional psychiatric diagnosis, 39.3% had at least one suicide attempt. The data of suicidal activity and mental comorbidity in Russian population of transgenders are absent.Purpose of the study is to assess suicidal activity and mental comorbidity in persons with gender disorders.The retrospective analysis of records of patients applied with complains on gender disorders from January 2014 to April 2021 was applied. The demographic characteristics, life anamnesis, comorbid mental pathology at time of appliance, frequency of suicidal attempts, suicidal thoughts and auto-aggressive behavior were examined. The data of 926 patients with gender disorders were included: FtM 515 (55.7%), MtF 411 (44.3%). The median age of patients applied for care appliance was 24 years (13-65 years). In group of transgender patients 75.2% had no mental illness, except gender disorders. At that, there was high prevalence of comorbid mental pathology (24.8% on average). Usually, it was background mental illnesses and reversible mental disorders, which were not causes of gender disorders. The suicide rate in transgender group was 12.5%. For 1 patient with suicidal experience, there were 1.3 suicidal attempts (from 1 to 5). The significant dependence of increased suicidal activity, depression, auto-aggressive behavior and rate of comorbid mental pathology on age of debut of gender disorders was established. The transgender patients with debut of gender dysphoria in puberty age are most vulnerable to development of any mental pathology. The suicidal activity of patients with gender disorders depends on both social causes and presence of comorbid mental pathology. A number of modifiable risk factors for suicidal behavior were identified: support of relatives, external correspondence to associated gender, early steps to "change gender", earlier apply for medical care, background compensated mental illnesses.

[International register "Analysis of Chronic Non-infectious Diseases Dynamics After COVID-19 Infection in Adult Patients (ACTIV SARS-CoV-2)"].

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Analysis of influence of background therapy for comorbidities in the period before infection on the risk of the lethal COVID outcome. Data from the international ACTIV SARS-CoV-2 registry («Analysis of chronic non-infectious diseases dynamics after COVID-19 infection in adult patients SARS-CoV-2¼).

Aim      To study the effect of regular drug therapy for cardiovascular and other diseases preceding the COVID-19 infection on severity and outcome of COVID-19 based on data of the ACTIVE (Analysis of dynamics of Comorbidities in paTIents who surVived SARS-CoV-2 infEction) registry.Material and methods  The ACTIVE registry was created at the initiative of the Eurasian Association of Therapists. The registry includes 5 808 male and female patients diagnosed with COVID-19 treated in a hospital or at home with a due protection of patients' privacy (data of nasal and throat smears; antibody titer; typical CT imaging features). The register territory included 7 countries: the Russian Federation, the Republic of Armenia, the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, the Republic of Moldova, and the Republic of Uzbekistan. The registry design: a closed, multicenter registry with two nonoverlapping arms (outpatient arm and in-patient arm). The registry scheduled 6 visits, 3 in-person visits during the acute period and 3 virtual visits (telephone calls) at 3, 6, and 12 mos. Patient enrollment started on June 29, 2020 and was completed on October 29, 2020. The registry completion is scheduled for October 29, 2022. The registry ID: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04492384. In this fragment of the study of registry data, the work group analyzed the effect of therapy for comorbidities at baseline on severity and outcomes of the novel coronavirus infection. The study population included only the patients who took their medicines on a regular basis while the comparison population consisted of noncompliant patients (irregular drug intake or not taking drugs at all despite indications for the treatment).Results The analysis of the ACTIVE registry database included 5808 patients. The vast majority of patients with COVID-19 had comorbidities with prevalence of cardiovascular diseases. Medicines used for the treatment of COVID-19 comorbidities influenced the course of the infectious disease in different ways. A lower risk of fatal outcome was associated with the statin treatment in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD); with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI)/angiotensin receptor antagonists and with beta-blockers in patients with IHD, arterial hypertension, chronic heart failure (CHF), and atrial fibrillation; with oral anticoagulants (OAC), primarily direct OAC, clopidogrel/prasugrel/ticagrelor in patients with IHD; with oral antihyperglycemic therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM); and with long-acting insulins in patients with type 1 DM. A higher risk of fatal outcome was associated with the spironolactone treatment in patients with CHF and with inhaled corticosteroids (iCS) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Conclusion      In the epoch of COVID-19 pandemic, a lower risk of severe course of the coronavirus infection was observed for patients with chronic noninfectious comorbidities highly compliant with the base treatment of the comorbidity.

[The role of micronutrients in the comprehensive rehabilitation of patients with the novel coronavirus infection COVID-19].

Post-COVID disorders syndrome (PCDS) is an umbrella term for a complex of persistent symptoms that a patient can develop after suffering from COVID-19. The aim of the research was to systematize data on the role of micronutrients in the treatment of PCDS. Material and methods. The authors carried out a systematic analysis of foreign (ncbi. nlm.nih.gov) and Russian (elibrary.ru) scientific publications. Results. The most common symptoms that can persist for a long time after a coronavirus infection can be divided into 4 groups: 1) hypoxic syndrome (respiratory and oxygen deficiency); 2) asthenic syndrome; 3) syndrome of neuropsychiatric disorders; 4) gastrointestinal symptoms. Adequate dietary intake of vitamins and mineral substances is critical for the proper functioning of the immune system and maintenance of the organism functional reserves. The optimal consumption of vitamins D, C and E, zinc and ω-3 fatty acids with ration can be useful for preventing infection, supporting immunity during COVID-19 disease and in the complex of rehabilitation of patients with PCDS. Conclusion. Intake of dietary supplements containing complex of micronutrients can be recommended as a rational adjuvant therapy during the rehabilitation period after COVID-19. However, further research is essential to determine the effective dosage of vitamins and other micronutrients to reduce the manifestations of PCDS.

Influence of pregnancy on iron and copper exchange rates in women with normal body weight and women with obesity.

The number of obese pregnant women increases annually and reaches 20-30%. The metabolism of hormones and minerals changes in the presence of a large amount of adipose tissue in the body of a pregnant woman, which leads to a number of obstetric and perinatal problems. The aim of the work is to study and compare the influence of the gestational process on the indicators of iron and copper metabolism in the blood serum of women with normal body weight and women with obesity. In the blood serum of 125 women of reproductive age, the content of hemoglobin, iron, transferrin, ferritin, copper and ceruloplasmin was determined. The influence of pregnancy on the indicators of iron and copper metabolism in the blood serum of women was revealed. Pregnancy in women with normal body weight increases the content of transferrin and ceruloplasmin. Correlation of ceruloplasmin and ferritin content with body mass index of obese pregnant women was revealed. In pregnancy with concomitant obesity, hyperferritinemia is formed with a reduced content of hemoglobin and serum iron. Knowledge of the indicators of iron and copper metabolism is necessary to optimize the observation of pregnant women, effective prevention and prediction of obstetric and perinatal complications.

Novel Polycationic Photosensitizers for Antibacterial Photodynamic Therapy.

Antibacterial photodynamic therapy (APDT) is a promising method of treating local infected foci, in particular, surgical and burn wounds, trophic and diabetic ulcers. Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) is able to effectively destroy bacterial cells without them developing resistance in response to treatment.This work was dedicated to the study of photophysical and antibacterial properties of new photosensitizers (PS) based on polycationic phthalocyanines and synthetic bacteriochlorins for photodynamic inactivation of P. aeruginosa bacteria and their biofilms. Gram-negative bacteria P. aeruginosa are often found in infected wounds, presumably in biofilm state and are characterized by rather low susceptibility to APDT, which is a problem. PS were studied for possible aggregation at various concentrations by means of absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. The results of studies of the ZnPcChol8, (3-PyHp)4BCBr4 and (3-PyEBr)4BCBr4 in water and serum confirm the assumption of a low degree of their aggregation at high concentrations.Consequently, their photodynamic efficiency is high enabling to use these PS at high concentrations to sensitize pathological foci for APDT.It was shown that all the investigated PS had a high efficiency of photodynamic inactivation of Gram-negative bacteria P. aeruginosa, as well as their biofilms. Tetracationic hydrophilic near-infrared photosensitizer (3-PyEBr)4BCBr4 with reduced molecule size had significantly higher efficacy of photodynamic inactivation of P. aeruginosa biofilms compared with other studied photosensitizers.

[Experience of using dupilumab in the treatment of severe asthma].

The article provides data on modern approaches to the treatment of patients with severe uncontrolled bronchial asthma with an emphasis on the use of dupilumab, a human recombinant monoclonal antibody to the alpha subunit of the interleukin (IL)-4 receptor, which inhibits signal transmission from both IL-4 and IL-13. The results of dupilumab pivotal randomized clinical trials DRI12544, QUEST and VENTURE are summarized. Indications for use of this medicinal product are listed in Federal Clinical Guidelines on the management of asthma (year of revision 2019). Clinical cases with various clinical course of bronchial asthma are described, including cases with frequent exacerbations. In conclusion, dupilumab could be a treatment of choice for the patients with severe bronchial asthma and it is reasonable from an economic, clinical and pathogenetic point of view.

[The effect of administration of dietary supplement with calcium and vitamins D3 and B6 on calcium homeostasis and falls incidence in patients with high fracture risk undergoing medical rehabilitation].

Elimination of vitamin D and calcium deficiencies is of particular importance in older patients undergoing medical rehabilitation after a serious illness, surgery or injury and having a high risk of fractures. Preventing falls and fractures, including during the course of rehabilitation, is an important challenge that can be addressed in these patients, in particular through improved nutrition and vitamin D and calcium supplementation. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of long-term intake of a complex dietary supplement with calcium and vitamins D3 and B6 on calcium homeostasis and the frequency of falls in patients with high fracture risk undergoing medical rehabilitation. Material and methods. The study enrolled 109 women and 10 men (mean age 65.5±7.9 years) with high fracture risk who were undergoing medical rehabilitation. After baseline examination, 41 patients have been receiving antiresorptive therapy already comprised group 1, and patients who didn't receive osteoporotic therapy were randomized into groups 2 (n=39) and 3 (control, n=39). Patients in groups 1 and 2 for 12 months were prescribed a dietary supplement containing calcium in a daily dose of 200 mg (in the form of citrate 1000 mg), 600 IU of vitamin D3 and 2 mg of vitamin B6. All patients underwent assessment of bone mineral density (BMD), calculation of absolute 10-year fracture risk according to FRAX, assessment of food calcium intake, etermination of biochemical parameters of calcium-phosphorus metabolism and bone remodeling (total calcium, inorganic phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase activity - by colorimetric method in blood serum; immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (PTH) and osteocalcin - by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay in blood serum; ß-isomer of C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTx) and 25(OH)D in blood plasma - by immunochemiluminescence analysis), cases of falls and fractures were fixed. Results. Average daily intake of calcium in the studied sample (n=119) was 782.9±243.4 mg, and 67.2% of patients consumed less than 800 mg of calcium daily. Vitamin D deficit was detected in 38.4% of the examined, its insufficiency - in 32.8%. An increase in 25(OH)D concentration was noted in groups 1 and 2 after 6 and 12 months (p<0.01), while in group 3 there was no dynamics of 25(OH)D (p>0.05). Patients in group 1 showed an increase in the level of osteocalcin and total calcium after 6 and 12 months, as well as alkaline phosphatase activity after 6 months (p<0.05). In group 3, there was an increase of PTH levels after 6 (p<0.05) and 12 months (p<0.01), CTx and alkaline phosphatase activity after 12 months (p<0.05). In group 1, there was an increase in BMD in the spine (+4.2%, p=0.024), femoral neck (+3.0%, p=0.041), and total femur (+2.7%, p=0.045), in patients of group 2 - an increase in BMD in the spine (+1.8%, p=0.048). In group 1, there was also a decrease in proportion of patients who fell after 6 months (χ2=4.97, p=0.026) and a decrease in the total number of falls after 12 months (χ2=4.89, p=0.027). Group 2 showed a decrease in the number of patients who fell after 6 and 12 months (χ2=48.58, p=0.0034 at both stages of the study) and the number of falls in general after 6 months (χ2=6.02, p=0.0142). Conclusion. The obtained data allow us to recommend prescription of dietary supplements containing calcium and vitamin D3 as a part of complex rehabilitation of patients with high fracture risk.

[Methods for quality of life assessment in children with orphanic diseases].

Orphan (rare) diseases include congenital or acquired diseases, the frequency of occurrence of which does not exceed a certain number established by the laws of various countries. Despite its rarity, the orphan diseases make a significant contribution to the structure of population disability and most of them have no specific treatment. One of the main clinical challenges in these patients is to ensure their high quality of life (QOL). The review describes basic non-specific and specific questionnaires for assessing QOL in children with orphan diseases. An ideal questionnaire for assessing QOL in children with orphan disease should be sufficiently reliable, valid, sensitive and specific, fill out by a child or adolescents on their own, include questions covering as much as possible all areas of life and health aspects - especially those associated with the main decease. The questionnaire should not be too huge and complicated for the patient. From the side of the researcher, the simplicity of the tool in calculating and the ability to use the results for subsequent analysis are important.

[The effect of basic therapy with calcium and vitamins D3 and B6 on muscle strength, movement and balance functions at patients with osteoporosis undergoing medical rehabilitation]. / Vliianie bazovoi terapii kal'tsiem i vitaminami D3 i V6 na myshechnuiu silu, funktsii dvizheniia i balansa u patsientov s osteoporozom, prokhodivshikh meditsinskuiu reabilitatsiiu.

AIM: Study of the effect of taking a complex biologically active food supplement with calcium and vitamins D3 and B6 to the effectiveness and duration of medical rehabilitation effect at patients with osteoporosis and with a high risk of fractures. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We examined 119 men and women with osteoporosis and (or) with a high risk of fractures, beginning a course of medical rehabilitation. The 1st study group (SG1) included 41 patients who had already received antiresorptive therapy. In SG2 and SG3, 39 patients who did not receive pathogenetic therapy of osteoporosis were included by the randomization method. For patients SG1 and SG2, a complex biologically active food supplement Osteomed forte was prescribed to use within 12 months. The dynamics of tensodynamometry, stabilometry and functional tests were evaluated in 20 days, 6 and 12 months after the start of the study. RESULTS: The muscle strength indicators achieved during the 20-day training session compared to the initial level were maintained for 12 months in extensor and flexor of the back at patients within SG1 and SG2, as well as up to 6 months in the lateral flexor of the back at patients of SG1. At patients within SG3, the effect of medical rehabilitation completely regressed after 6 months. Higher stabilization parameters after 6 and 12 months in comparison with the initial level were observed only in patients within SG1 and SG2. The effect achieved during rehabilitation was supported for 12 months in the 'stand on one leg' test within SG1, comparing in contrast to SG3, where a deterioration in the average value of the test indicator was noted. CONCLUSION: Long-term use of food supplements containing calcium salts with vitamins D3 and B6can be recommended to maintain the effect of rehabilitation measures at patients with osteoporosis and with a high risk of fractures, more preferably in combination with antiresorptive therapy.

[Exercise therapy and bracing in patients with osteoporotic compression vertebral fractures]. / Lechebnaia fizkul'tura i ortezirovanie u patsientov s kompressionnymi perelomami pozvonkov na fone osteoporoza.

Osteoporotic vertebral fractures (VF) have a negative impact on quality of life within a year after injury. A recent-onset vertebral body compression fracture in the presence of osteoporosis (OP) is generally accompanied by acute back pain, hypokinesia, and a reduction in daily physical and social activities, further leading to social isolation. Rehabilitation measures are of particular importance to restore quality of life in OP patients, especially in the people who have a history of fractures. Exercise therapy is the mainstay of management in patients with OP and VF; however, pain and limited mobility can be a barrier to exercises. Competent bracing is a method that can assist in reducing pain in VF, stabilizing the spine, and increasing motor activity. The use of an orthosis not only improves quality of life, but also gives an opportunity to take physical exercises. Semi-rigid and elastic corsets are preferable to rigid structures that are less convenient to use and associated with a large number of undesirable phenomena. Wearing a brace continuously (with its obligatory taking off overnight) is rational for 6-8 weeks. Above this period, there is an increased risk of muscle atrophy. It is acceptable to longer use orthoses situationally, if there is a need to be in an upright position, during long walks, trips, or physical exercises.

Loop diuretics decrease the renal elimination rate and increase the plasma levels of trimethylamine-N-oxide.

AIMS: Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is a novel cardiovascular risk marker. We explored the association of commonly used cardiovascular medications with TMAO levels in patients and validated the identified associations in mice. METHODS: Detailed history of drug treatment was recorded in 300 patients with cardiovascular disease without diabetes in an observational, cross-sectional study. Animal study was performed in CD1 mice. RESULTS: Median plasma TMAO (interquartile range) level was 2.144 (1.570-3.104) µmol l-1 . Among nine cardiovascular drug groups, the use of loop diuretics (0.510 ± 0.296 in users vs. 0.336 ± 0.272 in nonusers, P = 0.008) and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (0.482 ± 0.293 in users vs. 0.334 ± 0.272 in nonusers, P = 0.007) was associated with increased log-TMAO. Acute concomitant administration of furosemide or torasemide with TMAO in mice significantly influenced TMAO pharmacokinetic profile and almost doubled the plasma TMAO area under the curve. Furosemide decreased the TMAO excretion rate by 1.9-fold during the first 30 min after administration and increased TMAO concentrations in kidney, heart and liver, suggesting the interaction of furosemide and TMAO with efflux transporters. The concentrations of TMAO in blood plasma after the administration of the organic anion transporter inhibitor probenecid were not different from those of the control group, suggesting an effect not mediated by organic anion transporters. CONCLUSIONS: Loop diuretics increased plasma TMAO concentration by decreasing its urinary excretion rate. Loop diuretic use should be considered a potential confounder in TMAO studies.

[Attitudes toward aging prevention: results of a focus groups study].

Emerging life extension technologies, as well as some already existing biomedical interventions to prevent ageing-related pathological processes, have significant potential to alleviate the burden of disease in the aging world. However, promoting these technologies requires research in public opinion and the use of marketing techniques. We studied social attitudes towards life extension technologies and geroprotective medicine use with 3 focus groups. The total sample included 18 people with university degrees, 25-70 years old, and living in Moscow (Russia). The tested messages were obtained in advance by the survey of 30 experts in gerontology. The focus group participants got most convinced with the messages that aging prevention is a way to live longer and healthier lives. Despite the concerns of the experts, the idea that aging is a disease convinces considerable share of the informants when the scientific evidences of the connection between aging processes and aging-related health damage are provided. Research details in general made the human life extension feasibility more convincing. Introducing new agendas into discussion (pensions, overpopulation, etc.) turned out to be counterproductive due to new counterarguments emerging in the group discussions. The idea of radical life extension (i.e. reaching lifespan of 200+ years) was perceived skeptically. Some skepticism was attributed to mistrust and disappointment in the modern healthcare system in general. Gene therapies were perceived with caution. The word «geroprotector¼ is not well known even to the educated general public.

Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 (rhBMP-2) with Additional Protein Domain Synthesized in E. coli: In Vivo Osteoinductivity in Experimental Models on Small and Large Laboratory Animals.

Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 with an additional s-tag domain (s-tag-BMP-2) synthesized in E. coli is characterized by higher solubility and activity than the protein without additional s-tag domain, which increases the yield during purification and simplifies protein introduction into the osteoplastic materials. The high osteoinductivity of the demineralized bone matrix with s-tag-BMP-2 was shown on the model of regeneration of cranial defects of a critical size in mice and on the model of implantation of porous titanium matrix into defects of femoral and tibial bones in rabbits.

[Erbium laser application for oral surgery in patients with platelet hemostatic disorders]. / Primenenie érbievogo lazera pri khirurgicheskom stomatologicheskom lechenii patsientov s narusheniiami trombotsitarnogo gemostaza.

Hemostatic disorders are typically associated with prolonged bleeding after or during surgical procedures. The aim of the study was to increase the efficiency of oral surgery in these patients using erbium laser. Selected 46 patients receiving oral surgery were randomly divided in 2 groups: 43 patients with thrombocytopenia, trombocytemia and other platelet disorders treated with erbium laser and a control group of 43 patients without concomitant pathology determined for conventional surgical treatment. No postoperative bleeding was seen in group 1. Conventional procedures were associated with significantly more postoperative pain and epithelization took 1-3 days longer. Erbium laser radiation is an up-to-date method which can be successfully used for oral surgery in patients with hemostatic disorders.

[Nebulized budesonide in the treatment of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Efficacy, safety, and effects on the serum levels of soluble differentiation molecules].

AIM: To investigate the efficacy and safety of nebulized budesonide and systemic glucocorticosteroids (GCS) (SGCS) in the treatment of an exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and their effects on the serum concentration of soluble leukocyte differentiation antigens. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-eight hospitalized patients with an acute exacerbation of COPD were randomized into two groups: 1) 37 patients took nebulized budesonide 4 mg/day; 2) 41 patients received intravenous prednisolone. The symptoms of COPD, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and other spirometric indicators, peripheral blood oxygen saturation (SpO2), and adverse events were studied. The serum levels of the soluble adhesion molecules CD50 (sCD50) and CD54 (sCD54) and the lymphocyte activation molecules CD38 (sCD38) and CD25 (sCD25) were investigated by an enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS: There was a significant resolution of the symptoms of COPD, FEV1, and SpO2 in both groups after treatment. The incidence of hyperglycemia episodes was lower in the budesonide group than in the sGCS group. GCSs caused a decrease in the serum level of soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sCD25) in both groups. A prednisolone cycle, unlike a budesonide one, was found to reduce the concentrations of sCD54, sCD50, and sCD38. CONCLUSION: Nebulized budesonide is an effective and safe alternative to SGCS in treating an exacerbation of COPD. Inhaled GCSs, unlike SGCSs, exhibit anti-inflammatory activity, but exert no immunosuppressive activity.