Cognitive and clinical gender-related differences among binge-spectrum eating disorders: Analysis of therapy response predictors.

OBJECTIVE: This study assessed gender-related differences in executive functions (decision-making, inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility), personality traits and psychopathological symptoms in binge-spectrum eating disorders (EDs). Secondly, we aimed to separately explore the predictive value of gender and executive functions in treatment outcome. METHOD: A battery of self-reported and neurocognitive measures were answered by a sample of 85 patients (64 females) diagnosed with a binge-spectrum ED (41 BN; 44 binge eating disorder). RESULTS: Data showed gender-related differences in executive functioning, displaying women lower inhibitory control and lower cognitive flexibility than men. Regarding personality traits and psychopathology symptoms, women presented higher reward dependence and cooperativeness, as well as more drive for thinness, body dissatisfaction, bulimia, and somatisation symptoms than men. Finally, worse executive functioning, particularly having lower ability in concept formation seems to predict worse treatment outcomes and dropout in these patients. CONCLUSIONS: We described gender specific neuropsychological, personality and psychopathological impairments in patients with binge-spectrum EDs. Moreover, difficulties in executive functioning might have an impact on treatment response, since patients with a lower ability in concept formation are less likely to benefit from treatment. The present results can help improving current treatment approaches by tackling gender and individual differences.

The usefulness of an intervention with a serious video game as a complementary approach to cognitive behavioural therapy in eating disorders: A pilot randomized clinical trial for impulsivity management.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to test the usefulness of an add-on serious video game approach (i.e., Playmancer) to treatment as usual (TAU) on reducing impulsive behaviours and psychopathology in individuals diagnosed with an eating disorder (ED). METHOD: Thirty-seven patients diagnosed with an ED according to the DSM-5 were included in the present randomized clinical trial (RCT; study record 35,405 in ClinicalTrials.gov) and were randomly assigned to either the TAU or TAU + Playmancer group. All participants completed a clinical interview. Impulsivity (UPPS-P self reported questionnaire and Stroop task) and general psychopathology (SCL-90-R) measures were assessed at: baseline, 4 weeks into treatment, at the end of TAU (after 16 weeks), and follow-up (2 years). In addition, patients in the experimental group underwent a total of nine sessions with Playmancer over the span of 3 weeks. RESULTS: Patients in both treatment groups (TAU + Playmancer or TAU) improved on Stroop task performance and psychological distress. Additionally, patients in TAU-Playmancer improved on the impulsive trait domain of lack of perseverance. No statistical differences were found regarding treatment outcomes (i.e., treatment adherence and remission of eating symptomatology) when comparing the two treatment groups. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the impulsivity associated with EDs should be addressed and could be modified, as some facets of trait impulsivity improved after Playmancer add-on treatment. Yet, there were no significant differences in treatment outcomes when comparing the two groups and further research needs to be conducted.

Explicit and Implicit Emotional Expression in Gambling Disorder Measured by a Serious Game: A Pilot Study.

Behavioral addictions have been related with biased emotional reactions to risky choices. However, few studies have analyzed the role of both explicit and implicit emotional expression in gambling disorder (GD). This pilot study aims to examine emotion regulation in treatment-seeking patients with GD. The sample included n = 35 participants classified into three groups: patients with current GD, patients with GD in remission, and a control group without GD. Implicit emotional expressions were evaluated through a serious videogame (Playmancer) and explicit emotions were measured through self-reports. Patients in the current GD group had, compared to the remission and control groups, lower levels of implicit emotion expression and higher levels of explicit emotion expression. The patients in GD remission group endorsed better emotion regulation capacity in comparison to patients with current GD. We conclude that differences in emotion expression profiles (such as anger and anxiety) should be considered both in the development of screening and diagnostic measures and in the planning of prevention and treatment programs.

Emotional and non-emotional facets of impulsivity in eating disorders: From anorexia nervosa to bulimic spectrum disorders.

OBJECTIVE: Impulsivity and difficulties in regulating emotions are considered to be transdiagnostic characteristics of patients with eating disorders (EDs). The study aimed to investigate trait impulsivity and inhibitory components of impulsivity, related or unrelated to emotions in patients with EDs. METHOD: A total of 17 patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), 16 patients with bulimic-spectrum EDs (BSD) and 20 healthy control (HC) participants completed an impulsivity scale (UPPS-P) before performing an emotional inhibitory control task during electroencephalography (EEG) acquisition. RESULTS: Higher trait impulsivity in EDs than HC (with higher scores among BSD patients) was observed. However, no differences in behavioural measures or neural indexes [event-related potential (ERP)] of emotional and non-emotional inhibitory control were observed between patients and HC. CONCLUSION: The present results highlighted negative urgency, an impulsive personality trait related to emotions, as a common feature of AN and BSD. Lack of perseverance, a trait which is less related to emotions, specifically characterises patients with BSD. On the other hand, behavioural and ERP data did not show altered inhibitory control in EDs, for either general or emotional-related response inhibition.

Neural responses to food stimuli among individuals with eating and weight disorders: a systematic review of event-related potentials.

A systematic review was conducted to investigate event-related potentials (ERPs) in response to food and non-food stimuli among individuals with eating and weight disorders. Limiting the search to studies that have analysed ERPs relating to motivated attention and inhibitory control, 19 research papers were extracted from a systematic search in PubMed, Ovid, and Web of Science (2000-2018). An enhanced attentional bias towards food over non-food images (as indexed by P3(00) and LPP amplitudes) was evident for all populations. Individuals with binge eating disorder showed an enhanced attentional response to food cues compared to healthy controls. Inhibitory control-related ERP components (N2(00) and P3a) increased during food-specific no-go trials, but did not differentiate overweight from 'healthy' weight groups. The N2 amplitude to food pictures were positively correlated with caloric intake and food craving among individuals with obesity and binge eating disorder, respectively, while P3(00) was sensitive to hunger levels among overweight and obese females. The heterogeneity of stimuli/paradigms adopted, component timescales extracted, ERPs analysed, and data presented has challenged this review's ability to produce a robust synthesis of results. Some recommendations for future research are discussed.

Underlying Mechanism of the Comorbid Presence of Buying Disorder with Gambling Disorder: A Pathways Analysis.

Buying disorder (BD) and gambling disorder (GD) are behavioral addictions that are increasingly being researched and treated by mental health professionals. This study analyzes the underlying mechanisms of the comorbidity between both conditions in a sample of treatment-seeking patients. The sample included n = 127 patients recruited from a specialized unit in addictive behaviors at a public university hospital who presented BD symptoms with and without GD. Structural equation models analyzed the mediational mechanisms that explained the presence of the comorbid condition BD + GD. Personality variables indirectly influence the concurrence of GD and BD, and the relationship patterns were modulated by the age of onset of these two conditions. A direct relationship between being male and an increase in the risk of GD + BD comorbidity was also found. Sex and the amount of disorder-related debts also were directly associated with psychopathology. These results provide evidence on the pathways of concurrent BD + GD, which could contribute to the development of evidence-based preventive and therapeutic interventions.

Cognitive Deficits in Executive Functions and Decision-Making Impairments Cluster Gambling Disorder Sub-types.

To identify Gambling Disorder (GD) subtypes, in a population of men seeking treatment for GD, according to specific executive function domains (i.e., cognitive flexibility, inhibition and working memory as well as decision making) which are usually impaired in addictive behaviors. A total of 145 males ranging from 18 to 65 years diagnosed with GD were included in this study. All participants completed: (a) a set of questionnaires to assess psychopathological symptoms, personality and impulsivity traits, and (b) a battery of neuropsychological measures to test different executive functioning domains. Two clusters were identified based on the individual performance on the neuropsychological assessment. Cluster 1 [n = 106; labeled as Low Impaired Executive Function (LIEF)] was composed by patients with poor results in the neuropsychological assessment; cluster 2 patients [n = 46; labeled as High Impaired Executive Function (HIEF)] presented significantly higher deficits on the assessed domains and performed worse than the ones of LIEF cluster. Regarding the characterization of these two clusters, patients in cluster 2 were significantly older, unemployed and registered higher mean age of GD onset than patients in cluster 1. Additionally, patients in cluster 2 also obtained higher psychopathological symptoms, impulsivity (in both positive and negative urgency as well as sensation seeking) and some specific personality traits (higher harm avoidance as well as lower self-directedness and cooperativeness) than patients in cluster 1. The results of this study describe two different GD subtypes based on different cognitive domains (i.e., executive function performance). These two GD subtypes display different impulsivity and personality traits as well as clinical symptoms. The results provide new insight into the etiology and characterization of GD and have the potential to help improving current treatments.

Emotion Regulation as a Transdiagnostic Feature Among Eating Disorders: Cross-sectional and Longitudinal Approach.

Emotion regulation (ER) difficulties are observed in eating disorders (EDs). However, few studies have explored ER before and after treatment. The aims are as follows: to explore ER difficulties across ED types and a healthy control (HC) group (Study 1) and to assess pretreatment and post-treatment changes among ED types (Study 2). In Study 1, adult women with EDs (n = 438) and HC (n = 126) completed an assessment including Eating Disorders Inventory-2, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale and Symptom Checklist-90-Revised. Patients in Study 2 (n = 69) were also reassessed after treatment. All ED types reported worse ER compared with HC (p < .001); also, ER differences were found between ED types. Prospective analyses show ER improvements after treatment (p < .001; |d| = 0.51), especially in patients with bulimia nervosa (p < .001; |d| = 1.03; Reliable Change Index = 9.79) with greater improvement in those with a better treatment outcome (p = .034). In conclusion, emotion dysregulation is a part of all forms of EDs. Furthermore, emotional dysregulation can be modified. ED treatments for anorexia nervosa and binge eating disorder might be enhanced by targeting ER skills. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.

Psychiatric and psychological aspects in the Ehlers-Danlos syndromes.

There is increasing amount of evidence pointing toward a high prevalence of psychiatric conditions among individuals with hypermobile type of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (JHS/hEDS). A literature review confirms a strong association between anxiety disorders and JHSh/hEDS, and there is also limited but growing evidence that JHSh/hEDS is also associated with depression, eating, and neuro-developmental disorders as well as alcohol and tobacco misuse. The underlying mechanisms behind this association include genetic risks, autonomic nervous system dysfunction, increased exteroceptive and interoceptive mechanisms and decreased proprioception. Recent neuroimaging studies have also shown an increase response in emotion processing brain areas which could explain the high affective reactivity seen in JHS/hEDS. Management of these patients should include psychiatric and psychological approaches, not only to relieve the clinical conditions but also to improve abilities to cope through proper drug treatment, psychotherapy, and psychological rehabilitation adequately coupled with modern physiotherapy. A multidimensional approach to this "neuroconnective phenotype" should be implemented to ensure proper assessment and to guide for more specific treatments. Future lines of research should further explore the full dimension of the psychopathology associated with JHS/hEDS to define the nature of the relationship. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

The Involvement of a Concerned Significant Other in Gambling Disorder Treatment Outcome.

Interpersonal distress is a common feature in gambling disorder and adding a concerned significant other (CSO) to the recovery process could be an effective tool for improving treatment outcome. However, little empirical evidence is available regarding the effectiveness of including a CSO to interventions. We aimed to compare treatment outcomes (i.e. compliance with therapy guidelines, dropout from treatment, and relapse during treatment) in a CBT program involving a CSO to CBT treatment as usual (TAU) without a CSO. The sample comprised male gambling disorder patients (N = 675). The manualized CBT intervention consisted of 16 weekly outpatient group sessions and a 3-month follow-up period. Patient CSOs attended a predetermined number of sessions with the patient and were provided with resources to acquire a better understanding of the disorder, to manage risk situations, and to aid patients in adhering to treatment guidelines. Patients with a CSO had significant higher treatment attendance and reduced dropout compared to patients receiving TAU. Moreover, patients whose spouse was involved in the treatment program were less likely to relapse and adhered to the treatment guidelines more than those with a non-spousal CSO. Our results suggest that incorporating interpersonal support to gambling disorder interventions could potentially improve treatment outcomes.

Compulsive buying disorder clustering based on sex, age, onset and personality traits.

UNLABELLED: In spite of the revived interest in compulsive buying disorder (CBD), its classification into the contemporary nosologic systems continues to be debated, and scarce studies have addressed heterogeneity in the clinical phenotype through methodologies based on a person-centered approach. OBJECTIVES: To identify empirical clusters of CBD employing personality traits, as well as patients' sex, age and the age of CBD onset as indicators. METHODS: An agglomerative hierarchical clustering method defining a combination of the Schwarz Bayesian Information Criterion and log-likelihood was used. RESULTS: Three clusters were identified in a sample of n=110 patients attending a specialized CBD unit a) "male compulsive buyers" reported the highest prevalence of comorbid gambling disorder and the lowest levels of reward dependence; b) "female low-dysfunctional" mainly included employed women, with the highest level of education, the oldest age of onset, the lowest scores in harm avoidance and the highest levels of persistence, self-directedness and cooperativeness; and c) "female highly-dysfunctional" with the youngest age of onset, the highest levels of comorbid psychopathology and harm avoidance, and the lowest score in self-directedness. CONCLUSION: Sociodemographic characteristics and personality traits can be used to determine CBD clusters which represent different clinical subtypes. These subtypes should be considered when developing assessment instruments, preventive programs and treatment interventions.

Joint hypermobility, anxiety and psychosomatics: two and a half decades of progress toward a new phenotype.

The strong association between a heritable collagen condition and anxiety was an unexpected finding that we first described in 1988 at the Hospital del Mar in Barcelona. Since then, several clinical and nonclinical studies have been carried out. In this paper, after summarizing the concept and diagnosis of joint hypermobility (hyperlaxity), we review case-control studies in both directions (anxiety in joint hypermobility and joint hypermobility in anxiety disorders) as well as studies on nonclinical samples, review papers and one incidence study. The collected evidence tends to confirm the strength of the association described two and a half decades ago. The common mechanisms that are involved in this association include genetics, autonomic nervous system dysfunctions and interoceptive and exteroceptive processes. Considering clinical and nonclinical data, pathophysiological mechanisms and the presented nosological status, we suggest a new Neuroconnective phenotype, which around a common core Anxiety-Collagen hyperlaxity, includes five dimensions: behavioral, psychopathology, somatic symptoms, somatosensory symptoms, and somatic illnesses. It is envisaged that new descriptions of anxiety disorders and of some psychosomatic conditions will emerge and that different nosological approaches will be required. The Neuroconnective model is a proposal that is under study and may be useful for clinical practice.

Predictors of cocaine use disorder treatment outcomes: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Psychosocial approaches are the first-line treatments for cocaine dependence, although they still present high dropout and relapse rates. Thus, there is a pressing need to understand which variables influence treatment outcomes to improve current treatments and prevent dropout and relapse rates. The aim of this study is to explore predictors of treatment retention and abstinence in CUD. METHODS: This systematic review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). We searched three databases-PubMed, PsychINFO and Web of Science-for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) published in English and Spanish from database inception through April 1, 2023. We selected all studies that met the inclusion criteria (adults aged ≥ 18, outpatient treatment, CUD as main addiction, and no severe mental illness) to obtain data for the narrative synthesis addressing cocaine abstinence and treatment retention as main outcome variables. After data extraction was completed, risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB-2). RESULTS: A total of 566 studies were screened, and, of those, 32 RCTs were included in the synthesis. Younger age, more years of cocaine use, and craving levels were significant predictors of relapse and treatment dropout. Fewer withdrawal symptoms, greater baseline abstinence, greater treatment engagement, and more self-efficacy were all predictors of longer duration of abstinence. The role of impulsivity as a predictor of CUD is unclear due to conflicting data, although the evidence generally suggests that higher impulsivity scores can predict more severe addiction and withdrawal symptoms, and earlier discontinuation of treatment. CONCLUSION: Current evidence indicates which variables have a direct influence on treatment outcomes, including well-studied cocaine use-related variables. However, additional variables, such as genetic markers, appear to have a high impact on treatment outcomes and need further study. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: This systematic review is registered at PROSPERO (ID: CRD42021271847). This study was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, Instituto Carlos III (ISCIII) (FIS PI20/00929) and FEDER funds and Fundació Privada Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (Pla d'acció social 2020).

Craving in gambling disorder: A systematic review.

Background and objectives: Craving is one of the main criteria for the diagnosis of substance use disorder according to the DSM-5; however, it is not included in the main criteria for gambling disorder (GD). In the present systematic review, we aimed to evaluate the available body of knowledge regarding gambling craving to help step forward to a consensus regarding this topic. Data sources: PsycINFO/PsycARTICLES and PubMed/Medline were used. Study eligibility criteria, participants, and interventions: (1) individuals of both genders who had a clinical diagnosis of GD in which the presence of gambling craving were studied by means of tasks or self-report tools; (2) we included three types of studies: (a) validation articles of craving psychometric tools in which GD was assessed; (b) articles in which craving-GD association was explored; and (c) treatment articles for GD in which craving was assessed. Results: n = 63 studies were finally included in the systematic review. Some studies described an association between craving- and gambling-related factors, and craving was also described as a predictor of GD severity, gambling episodes, chasing persistence and income-generating offenses. Gambling craving also seems to be associated with emotional states and negative urgency. Finally, some studies implemented specific interventions for GD and assessed its impact on reducing gambling craving. Conclusions: There is a growing body of knowledge on the relevant role of craving in gambling behavior and GD. Further studies are needed to reach a consensus on the diagnostic criterion for GD.

CBT4CBT web-based add-on treatment for cocaine use disorder: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Cocaine use disorder (CUD) is a chronic condition that presents high relapse rates and treatment dropouts. Web-based interventions have proven to be effective when optimizing face-to-face treatments in different mental health conditions and have the potential to optimize current CUD treatments. However, web-based interventions in addictive behaviors are still limited. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether adding a web-based cognitive behavioral therapy (i.e., CBT4CBT) to standard CUD treatment, improves treatment outcomes in a Spanish sample of patients with severe CUD (which requires inpatient treatment). Additionally, we aim to explore predictive factors of treatment response and treatment gender-related differences. Methods: All individuals coming for inpatient cocaine detoxification who meet the inclusion criteria will have the possibility to be part of the study. The participants of this open-label randomized controlled clinical trial (RCT) will be allocated to treatment as usual (TAU) or TAU+CBT4CBT after the hospitalization for cocaine detoxification. During the inpatient treatment they will all receive an individualized psychological intervention. There will be six time point assessments: at 48-72 h of starting inpatient treatment, at the end of inpatient treatment and before starting day care and outpatient treatment, at the end of the 8 weeks CTB4CBT / TAU arm treatment and at three follow-up time points (1-, 3-, and 6-months post-treatment). Discussion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first RCT that explores the efficacy of adding a web-based cognitive behavioral therapy to usual CUD treatment with patients of a clinical sample in Europe. Trial registration: IIBSP-CTB-2020-116, NCT05207228. Submitted 8th of April 2021, posted 26 st of January 2022. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05207228?cond=Cocaine+Use+Disorder&draw=2&rank=1.

Impulsivity and compulsivity in gambling disorder and bulimic spectrum eating disorders: Analysis of neuropsychological profiles and sex differences.

BACKGROUND: Gambling disorder (GD) and bulimic spectrum eating disorders (BSDs) not only share numerous psychopathological, neurobiological, and comorbidity features but also are distinguished by the presence of inappropriate behaviours related to impulsivity and compulsivity. This study aimed to emphasise the differences and similarities in the main impulsivity and compulsivity features between GD and BSD patients, and to analyse the potential influence of sex in these domains. METHODS: Using self-reported and neurocognitive measures, we assessed different impulsive-compulsive components in a sample of 218 female and male patients (59 with BSD and 159 with GD) and 150 healthy controls. RESULTS: We observed that GD and BSDs exhibited elevated levels of impulsivity and compulsivity in all the dimensions compared to healthy controls. Moreover, these disorders showed differences in several personality traits, such as high novelty seeking in GD, and low persistence and high harm avoidance in BSDs. In addition, patients with BSDs also displayed a trend towards greater impulsive choice than GD patients. Regarding sex effects, GD women presented higher overall impulsivity and compulsivity than GD men. Nevertheless, no sex differences were found in BSDs. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical interventions should consider these deficits to enhance their effectiveness, including adjunctive treatment to target these difficulties. Our findings also provide support to the relevance of sex in GD, which should also be considered in clinical interventions.

Impact of Impulsivity and Therapy Response in Eating Disorders from a Neurophysiological, Personality and Cognitive Perspective.

Impulsivity, as a multidimensional construct, has been linked to eating disorders (EDs) and may negatively impact treatment response. The study aimed to identify the dimensions of impulsivity predicting poor remission of ED symptoms. A total of 37 ED patients underwent a baseline assessment of impulsive personality traits and inhibitory control, including the Stroop task and the emotional go/no-go task with event-related potentials (ERPs) analysis. The remission of EDs symptomatology was evaluated after 3 months of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and at a 2-year follow-up. Poor remission after CBT was predicted by poor inhibitory control, as measured by the Stroop task. At 2 years, the risk of poor remission was higher in patients with higher novelty seeking, lower inhibitory control in the Stroop and in ERPs indices (N2 amplitudes) during the emotional go/no-go task. The present results highlight inhibitory control negatively impacting both short- and long-term symptomatology remission in ED patients. On the other hand, high novelty seeking and ERPs indices of poor inhibition seem to be more specifically related to long-term remission. Therefore, a comprehensive assessment of the impulsivity dimension in patients with ED is recommended to tailor treatments and improve their efficacy.

A review of binge eating disorder and obesity.

Binge eating disorder (BED) is a mental illness characterised by recurrent binge eating episodes in the absence of appropriate compensatory behaviours. Consequently, BED is strongly associated with obesity. The current review aims to provide an update of the most relevant aspects of BED (e.g., clinical profile, aetiology and treatment approaches), in order not only to facilitate a better understanding of the disorder and its clinical consequences, but also to identify potential targets of prevention and intervention. Patients with BED often present high comorbidity with other medical conditions and psychiatric disorders. Numerous risk factors have been associated with the development and maintenance of the disorder. Moreover, although some treatments for BED have proven to be effective in addressing different key aspects of the disorder, the rates of patients that have ever received specific treatment for BED are very low. The factors involved and how to implement effective treatments will be discussed for the purpose of addressing the eating symptomatology and comorbid obesity.

Gender and gambling disorder: Differences in compulsivity-related neurocognitive domains.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: It has been suggested that compulsivity has an essential role in gambling disorder (GD), yet there is a lack of literature exploring the link between GD, compulsivity and gender. Our main aim was to explore gender differences between two of the neurocognitive domains of compulsivity (attentional set-shifting and attentional bias and disengagement) in patients with GD and compare them with healthy controls (HCs). METHODS: The sample included 57 treatment-seeking adults with GD and 60 HCs recruited from the general population. RESULTS: The pairwise comparisons showed a worse attentional set-shifting performance in women with GD than in men (total trials (p = 0.042, |d| = 0.56), perseverative responses (p = 0.001, |d| = 0.89), trails to complete the first category (p = 0.001, |d| = 0.78) and categories completed (p = 0.001, |d| = 0.98. Also, men with GD presented higher difficulties than HC men in the two assessed compulsivity domains (attentional bias and disengagement and attentional set-shifting; Stroop interference (p = 0.015, |d| = 0.11), TMT-B (p = 0.041, |d| = 1.96) and lower scores for the WCST perseverative responses (p = 0.007, |d| = 0.78), whereas the differences observed in women with GD and HCs were most significantly in attentional set-shifting. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides the first evidence of gender compulsivity differences in GD. The results are relevant for improving current treatments by targeting specific compulsivity domains that can lead to more successful treatment options.

Effects of a psychosocial intervention at one-year follow-up in a PREDIMED-plus sample with obesity and metabolic syndrome.

This study examines if overweight/obesity are related to higher impulsivity, food addiction and depressive symptoms, and if these variables could be modified after 1 year of a multimodal intervention (diet, physical activity, psychosocial support). 342 adults (55-75 years) with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) from the PREDIMED-Plus Cognition study were randomized to the intervention or to the control group (lifestyle recommendations). Cognitive and psychopathological assessments were performed at baseline and after 1-year follow-up. At baseline, higher impulsivity was linked to higher food addiction and depressive symptoms, but not to body mass index (BMI). Food addiction not only predicted higher BMI and depressive symptoms, but also achieved a mediational role between impulsivity and BMI/depressive symptoms. After 1 year, patients in both groups reported significant decreases in BMI, food addiction and impulsivity. BMI reduction and impulsivity improvements were higher in the intervention group. Higher BMI decrease was achieved in individuals with lower impulsivity. Higher scores in food addiction were also related to greater post-treatment impulsivity. To conclude, overweight/obesity are related to higher impulsivity, food addiction and depressive symptoms in mid/old age individuals with MetS. Our results also highlight the modifiable nature of the studied variables and the interest of promoting multimodal interventions within this population.