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1.
Rev Alerg Mex ; 64(3): 327-346, 2017.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29046030

RESUMO

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common, preventable and treatable condition that has a complex pathophysiology and an even more complex immunopathological process. The purpose of this review was to analyze COPD immunopathological aspects, which was addressed by undertaking a literature search for the most relevant documents indexed in the PubMed database over the last 10 years. Different conclusions could be drawn: in COPD immunopathology there are immune and non-immune inflammatory changes with oxidative stress imbalance, there are alterations in the protease/anti-protease ratio caused by direct and indirect genetic and epigenetic-environmental defects; COPD produces irreversible tissue damage and chronic inflammation with tissue repair alteration, which induces chronic obstruction of the airway, bronchitis and systemic damage. Most common resulting comorbidities include cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, osteoporosis, depression, musculoskeletal dysfunction, increased biological age, lung cancer and other types of malignancies. In the conception of COPD, recognizing that it is a non-transmittable and preventable disease is indispensable.


La enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) es una enfermedad común, prevenible y tratable que presenta una fisiopatología compleja y un proceso inmunopatológico aún más complicado. El objetivo de esta revisión fue analizar los aspectos inmunopatológicos de la EPOC, para lo cual se llevó a una cabo una pesquisa bibliográfica de los documentos más relevantes indexados en la base de datos PubMed durante los últimos 10 años. Diversos aspectos pudieron concluirse: en la inmunopatología de la EPOC existen cambios inflamatorios, inmunológicos y no inmunológicos con un desequilibrio en el estrés oxidativo, así como alteraciones en la relación proteasas/antiproteasas debidas a efectos genéticos, epigenéticos, ambientales directos e indirectos. La EPOC produce daño tisular irreversible e inflamación crónica con alteración de la reparación tisular que induce obstrucción crónica de la vía aérea, bronquitis, enfisema y daño sistémico. Las comorbilidades resultantes más comunes son enfermedad cardiovascular, síndrome metabólico, osteoporosis, depresión, disfunción músculo esquelética, incremento de la edad biológica, cáncer pulmonar y otros tipos de neoplasias. En la concepción de la EPOC es indispensable reconocer que es una enfermedad no transmisible y prevenible.


Assuntos
Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/imunologia , Envelhecimento/imunologia , Bronquite/epidemiologia , Comorbidade , Citocinas/fisiologia , Humanos , Inflamassomos/imunologia , Inflamação , Pulmão/microbiologia , Linfócitos/patologia , Microbiota , Células Mieloides/patologia , Neoplasias/epidemiologia , Neoplasias/imunologia , Estresse Oxidativo , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/epidemiologia , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/patologia , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/fisiopatologia , Enfisema Pulmonar/epidemiologia , Músculos Respiratórios/fisiopatologia
2.
Rev Alerg Mex ; 63(2): 169-79, 2016.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27174760

RESUMO

Secondary immunodeficiencys, previously presented in immunocompetent individuals. The lack of primary or secondary response to the presence of a foreign antigen, in the case of infections is a sentinel data in the diagnosis of immunodeficiency (can be primary or secondary), in the case of a self antigen may generate the presence of Cancer. Cancer has shown an increase in the prevalence and incidence globally. Most current medical treatments in cancer are focused primarily on immunomodulatory actions (immunosuppression / immune stimulation or both). Knowledge of key concepts from the perspective of innate and acquired immunity lead to cancer development, engaging immune surveillance and escape mechanisms of this that contribute to better understand the origin, behavior and treatment of neoplasm's. These treatments can cause immunological disorders such as allergy, anaphylaxis, lack of response immunogenicity care fields specialist in allergy and clinical immunology.


Las inmunodeficiencias secundarias aparecen en individuos previamente inmunocompetentes. La falta de respuesta primaria o secundaria a un antígeno extraño, en el caso de infecciones, es un dato centinela en el diagnóstico de inmunodeficiencia (puede ser primaria o secundaria); en el caso de un antígeno propio podría generar cáncer. Éste ha mostrado un aumento en la prevalencia e incidencia en forma global. La mayor parte de los tratamientos médicos actuales en cáncer se enfocan, fundamentalmente, a acciones inmunomoduladoras (inmunosupresióninmunoestimulación o ambos). El conocimiento de los conceptos clave, desde la perspectiva de la inmunidad innata y adquirida, conduce al desarrollo de cáncer, involucrándose a la vigilancia inmunológica y los mecanismos de escape de ésta, que contribuyen a comprender mejor el origen, comportamiento y tratamiento de las neoplasias. Los tratamientos pueden originar alteraciones inmunológicas como: alergia, anafilaxia, falta de respuesta por inmunogenicidad, campos de atención del especialista en Alergia e Inmunología clínica.


Assuntos
Síndromes de Imunodeficiência/complicações , Neoplasias/imunologia , Imunidade Adaptativa/imunologia , Humanos , Imunidade Inata/imunologia , Síndromes de Imunodeficiência/imunologia , Neoplasias/terapia
3.
J Med Case Rep ; 5: 98, 2011 Mar 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21396085

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Odontogenic necrotizing fasciitis of the neck is a fulminant infection of odontogenic origin that quickly spreads along the fascial planes and results in necrosis of the affected tissues. It is usually polymicrobial, occurs frequently in immunocompromised patients, and has a high mortality rate. CASE PRESENTATION: A 69-year old Mexican male had a pain in the maxillar right-canine region and a swelling of the submental and submandibular regions. Our examination revealed local pain, tachycardia, hyperthermia (39°C), and the swelling of bilateral submental and submandibular regions, which also were erythematous, hyperthermic, crepitant, and with a positive Godet sign. Mobility and third-degree caries were seen in the right mandibular canine. Bacteriological cultures isolated streptococcus pyogenes and staphylococcus aureus. The histopathological diagnosis was odontogenic necrotizing fasciitis of the submental and submandibular regions. The initial treatment was surgical debridement and the administration of antibiotics. After cultures were negative, the surgical wound was treated with a growth factor-enriched autologous plasma eight times every third day until complete healing occurred. CONCLUSIONS: The treatment with a growth factor-enriched autologous plasma caused a rapid healing of an extensive surgical wound in a patient with odontogenic necrotizing fasciitis. The benefits were rapid tissue regeneration, an aesthetic and a functional scar, and the avoidance of further surgery and possible complications.

4.
Rev Alerg Mex ; 56 Suppl 1: S10-23, 2009.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20873049

RESUMO

Trigger and risk factors in asthma are multiple, the most relevant at the time are: genetic, infectious (viral, bacterial, fungi and parasites), environmental (allergens, smoking, irritants, pollutants of cars, industries, work environment, etc.) and obesity. Asthma severity meets influenced by the age, sex, pregnancy, immunological system immaturity and the atopic march. The pathogeny of the inflammatory allergic process more than an imbalance Th1/Th2, mast cells, eosinophils and IgE, today includes the important participation of other elements such as: Th17 or IL-17, IL-23, IL-25, IL-27, Tregs, TLRs, NODs, MAs, DCs, bronchial epithelial cells, chemokines, neurokinins, ICAM-1, NO (iNO). Besides other elements that influence the inflammatory response amplification and the remodeling of the airway epithelium.


Assuntos
Asma/etiologia , Fatores Etários , Asma/imunologia , Asma/microbiologia , Humanos , Fatores de Risco
5.
Hum Immunol ; 70(4): 251-6, 2009 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19480843

RESUMO

There is a great deal of evidence that points to the association of the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) gene as a common genetic factor in the pathogenesis of diseases that are caused by inflammatory and/or autoimmune etiologies. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified in the TNF-alpha promoter region have been associated with disease susceptibility and severity. We investigated whether -308G/A and -238G/A TNF-alpha polymorphisms were associated with asthma, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) in a pediatric Mexican population. In a case-control study of 725 patients (asthma: 226, JRA: 171, and SLE: 328) and 400 control subjects, the participants were analyzed using the allelic discrimination technique. The genotype distribution of both TNF-alpha polymorphisms was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in each group. However, there were significant differences in the allele frequency of TNF-alpha-308A between the patients and the healthy controls. This allele was detected in 2.9% of the controls, 6.0% of asthmatic and JRA patients (p = 0.002 and p = 0.0086), and 6.7% of SLE patients (p = 0.00049); statistical significance was maintained after ancestry stratification (asthma: p = 0.0143, JRA: p = 0.0083, and SLE: p = 0.0026). Stratification by gender showed that the risk for the -308A allele in asthma and JRA was greater in females (OR = 4.16, p = 0.0008 and OR = 4.4, p = 0.0002, respectively). The TNF-alpha -238A allele showed an association only with JRA in males (OR = 2.89, p = 0.004). These results support the concept that the TNF-alpha gene is a genetic risk factor for asthma, SLE, and JRA in the pediatric Mexican population.


Assuntos
Artrite Juvenil/genética , Asma/genética , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/genética , Adolescente , Alelos , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Frequência do Gene , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Genótipo , Humanos , Desequilíbrio de Ligação , Masculino , México , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Sexuais
6.
Alergia (Méx.) ; 43(5): 128-32, sept.-oct. 1996.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-184193

RESUMO

La prolactina es una hormona hipofisiaria con diversas funciones, entre ellas, inmunorreguladoras. Los pacientes con prolactinemia cursan con hiperprolactinemia. Se comunican dos casos de pacientes con prolactinemia asociada a enfermedades autoinmunitarias: el primero, masculino con eslcerosis múltiple y, el segundo, una mujer con lupus eritematoso sistémico. En ambos, el tratamiento de la hiperprolactinemia se hizo con bromocriptina, misma que se relacionó con una evolución satisfactoria y permitió reducir las dosis de medicamentos inmunosupresores. El tratamiento con bromocriptina en el paciente con esclerosis múltiple se relacionó con la recuperación de las funciones neurológicas y en la paciente con lupus eritematoso sistémico, al suspenderlo, con recaída. En los padecimientos autoinmunitarios se deberá valorar la función hipofisiaria para descartar alteraciones que pudieran condicionar hiperprolactinemia, que sin duda exacerba dichos problemas


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Autoimunidade , Bromocriptina/uso terapêutico , Esclerose Múltipla/tratamento farmacológico , Hiperprolactinemia/tratamento farmacológico , Hiperprolactinemia/imunologia , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/tratamento farmacológico
7.
Alergia (Méx.) ; 44(1): 23-30, ene.-feb. 1997. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-219585

RESUMO

A 17 pacientes con diagnóstico de vasculitis primaria idiopática se les realizó valoración inmunitaria y de anticuerpos antivirales. Se comparó su biometría hemática y sus anticuerpos antivirales con 25 testigos sanos. Todos los pacientes y testigos HIV y HBV resultaron negativos. Se demostró actividad viral por IgM en ocho pacientes: cinco con púrpura vascular, una con enfermedad de Takayazu, una con poliarteritis nodosa y la otra con eritema nodoso. Ningún testigo tuvo IgM positiva. Se detectaron 14 anormalidades en la biometría hemática de los pacientes y en cuatro testigos. Los pacientes exhibieron respuestas de anticuerpos IgG menores que los testigos, alteraciones en subpoblaciones linfocitarias y complejos inmunitarios circulantes. El 47 por ciento de los pacientes tenía infección viral activa, pero la característica predominante fue una respuesta inmunitaria anormal en 82 por ciento


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Antivirais , Vasculite/sangue , Vasculite/classificação , Vasculite/imunologia , Vasculite/virologia , Viroses , Viroses/sangue , Viroses/complicações
8.
Alergia (Méx.) ; 44(2): 45-50, mar.-abr. 1997.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-219590

RESUMO

El virus de Epstein Barr (EBV) se ha relacionado con diversos padecimientos. Se comunica el caso de tres pacientes en quienes el virus Epstein Barr se manifestó con un curso clínico poco frecuente: Caso 1: hipergammaglobulinemia policlonal, femenina de 47 años de edad con lupus eritematoso sistémico y datos clínicos de mononucleosis infecciosa, pero con evolución hacia una forma crónica de gammopatía policlonar, con IgM predominante contra VEB. Caso 2: encefalitis con desmielinización, masculino de 32 años de edad que presentó alteraciones neurológicas centrales, anticuerpos IgM para VEB y lesión demielinizante en imagen de resonancia magnética. Caso 3: leucoplaquia vellosa, masculino de 40 años de edad con tumoración amigdalina, y anticuerpos IgM persistentes contra VEB. El tratamiento antiviral e inmunomodulador (específico para cada caso), condicionó una respuesta clínica satisfactoria en los tres pacientes


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Encefalite/virologia , Herpesvirus Humano 4 , Hipergamaglobulinemia , Leucoplasia Pilosa
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