Characteristics of the phenomenological interview in nursing research. / Características de la entrevista fenomenológica en investigación en enfermería.

OBJECTIVE: To reflect on the characteristics of the phenomenological interview as part of a phenomenological research in nursing research and to present some practical recommendations for its realization. METHOD: Reflective theoretical study conducted in October and November of 2016 about the development of the phenomenological interview in nursing, based on the scientific literature and critical analysis of the authors. RESULTS: We present the characteristics of the phenomenological interview and suggest some practical recommendations for its application in nursing. CONCLUSIONS: The interview is a valuable tool to access the phenomenon studied in nursing and unveiled by being.

Social repercussions experienced by elderly with venous ulcer. / Repercussões sociais vivenciadas pela pessoa idosa com úlcera venosa.

OBJECTIVE: Understand the social consequences experienced by elderly affected by venous ulcers. METHODOLOGY: descriptive and exploratory study with a qualitative approach carried out in 2012 with eight participants at a physiotherapy clinic in the state of Bahia. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed through Bardin's thematic content analysis. RESULTS: They showed that elderly patients with venous leg ulcers have become victims of prejudice, discrimination and have experienced embarrassment and shame in their daily routines because of the chronic wounds in their bodies, which makes than different from other people. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: the presence of chronic wounds has social implications and is associated to a human suffering process. Thus, dealing with older people with venous leg ulcers requires technical and scientific skills, as well as whole and humanized care by the nursing staff.

Difficulties in the practice of the phenomenological nursing interview with long-lived older adults: an experience report.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the difficulties in the practical intervention of a phenomenological nursing interview with long-lived older adults. METHOD: Experience report of data collection through a phenomenological interview in 10 long-lived older adults between March and July 2022 in a geronto-geriatric center in the north of Mexico. RESULTS: It was found that the difficulties in conducting the phenomenological interview in nursing depend on distinct factors that can be contextual (institution, family or companions) or personal (participants and researcher). FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: The phenomenological interview can be rigorously implemented with long-lived older adults, the conditions for its implementation are determined by the researcher according to the characteristics of the participants and the research topic; these conditions must be specified before and during the interview.

Implementing nursing diagnoses and care for the spiritual dimension of people with cancer: educational actions.

OBJECTIVE: To establish the implementation of nursing diagnoses and care for the spiritual dimension of people with cancer. METHOD: Action research in a university hospital in the north-east of Brazil. Nine nurses and thirteen nursing technicians from the Onco-hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit of this hospital took part. Data collection took place in four phases and involved the talking map technique, pedagogical workshops and a logbook. The groups' speeches were coded using Maxqda software, subjected to Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis and interpreted in the light of Paulo Freire's constructs. RESULTS: Phase 1 sought to apprehend the participants' prior knowledge on the subject; in phase 2, proposals emerged for spiritual care organized in the Nursing Process; in phase 3, the diagnoses and care plan for the spiritual dimension for clinical practice were contemplated; and in phase 4, through the final evaluation, it was possible to see the transformations that occurred in the nursing team's practice with the proposed implementation. CONCLUSION: The educational actions provided significant learning for the nursing team and the implementation of diagnoses and nursing care for the spiritual dimension of people with cancer.

Spiritual care provided by the nursing team to the person in palliation in intensive care.

OBJECTIVE: To understand how the spiritual care provided by the nursing team to the person undergoing palliation in the Intensive Care Unit occurs. METHOD: Study with a qualitative approach, conducted in an Intensive Care Unit in Salvador, Bahia. Data collection took place through semi-structured interviews between January and May 2019. 14 nurses and 21 nursing technicians participated in the study. The data were submitted to Bardin Content Analysis and analyzed in the light of the Peaceful End of Life Theory. RESULTS: Two categories emerged: 1. Spiritual care provided through words of optimism, encouragement of faith and prayer; 2. Care provided through attention to spiritual needs and assurance of comfort. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: Although empirically and not aware of the spiritual care provided, the nursing team offers support with words of optimism, faith, moments of prayer and contributes to the spiritual comfort of the person in palliation.

Reflection on the phenomenology of Merleau-Ponty and its contributions to nursing research.

OBJECTIVE: To elaborate a reflection on the phenomenology of Merleau-Ponty and her contributions to nursing research. METHODS: This is a reflective theoretical study based on one of Merleau-Ponty's works and recent scientific literature on the subject. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Three themes were developed that combine the contribution of Merleau-Ponty's phenomenology, starting from the central concepts of philosophy and nursing care. The approach to the body not only from a biological expression, but from the phenomenology of the lived body provides an existentialist vision of the understanding of the human being immersed in the world and its relations with holistic care. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: Merleau-Ponty's philosophical reference is very useful in the generation of nursing knowledge, constituting a support for phenomenological research since it allows the understanding of the subjective phenomena of care through the body.

Transitional care of nurses to older adults with artificial pacemaker.

OBJECTIVE: to understand how the transitional care of nurses to olde adults with artificial pacemaker occurs. METHOD: a qualitative research, carried out in a philanthropic hospital in the city of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. Fourteen nurses working in surgical and cardiac inpatient units participated. Data were collected between August and November 2020, through semi-structured interviews, and analyzed using the methodological framework Discourse of the Collective Subject and discussed in the light of Afaf Meleis' theory of transitions. RESULTS: nurses' incipient knowledge about transitional care was identified. It was observed that the nursing discharge report is a facilitating instrument for transitional care. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: the study pointed out that the transitional care of nurses to older adults with artificial pacemakers does not have a theoretical foundation, reporting as a priority the care with the pacemaker identification card and with the surgical wound.

Care for the spiritual dimension provided by caregivers in a nursing home.

OBJECTIVES: to understand care for the spiritual dimension provided by caregivers in a Nursing Home. METHODS: this is a qualitative research, carried out in a geriatric center of a philanthropic hospital in the city of Salvador, Bahia. Eighteen formal caregivers participated, through a semi-structured interview, between January and February 2019. The data were analyzed in the light of Jean Watson's Theory of Transpersonal Caring. RESULTS: formal caregivers discuss the spiritual dimension based on older adults' religious beliefs, encourage religious practices and exercise spiritual care according to older adults' physical, emotional and spiritual demands. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: formal caregivers understand that older adults' religious or spiritual experiences should be included in their work routine. Care for the spiritual dimension occurs by stimulating faith in God, encouraging religious practices and embracing their beliefs in the face of physical, emotional and spiritual demands.

Elderly people's experiences in emergencies through access to other levels of health care.

OBJECTIVE: to understand elderly people's experiences in emergencies through access to other levels of health care. METHODS: a phenomenological study in the light of Heidegger, conducted with 19 elderly patients admitted to an Emergency Care Unit of the city of Salvador, between April and October 2019. RESULTS: ontic primacy: Disposition of the experience of elderly people waiting for regulation; Constitutional anguish and fear in the willingness to be an elderly person waiting for regulation in an Emergency Care Unit; Inappropriate elderly being suppressed while waiting for regulation; Being an elderly person unveiled in the existential modality of being for death. Ontological primacy: Heal how to be the presence of elderly people waiting for regulation. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: elderly people being anguished and afraid, feelings that allow the questioning of their own being, who want a healing and seeks ways that allows an active and proper participation in care.

Telemonitoring of Brazilian Nursing homes before Coronavirus and COVID-19 Infections.

OBJECTIVE: to report the experience of telemonitoring Brazilian nursing homes before coronavirus and COVID-19 infections. METHODS: a descriptive experience report that occurred between March 18 and April 25, 2020 through telemonitoring nursing homes in Salvador, Bahia, following a script previously prepared for first contact and follow-up. The telemonitoring was carried out by professors from the School of Nursing of Universidade Federal da Bahia and Graduate Program students for four weeks. RESULTS: thirty-two institutions were followed for four weeks. Some facilities and difficulties appeared during the monitoring. FINAL CONSIDERATIOS: as nursing homes are collective households, their residents are vulnerable to transmission of infections. In addition, the diversity of structures and economic, social and human resources needs of these locations reveal their fragility and urgency of public policies that address such diversities.

Faith and spirituality in the meaning of life of the elderly with Chronic Kidney Disease.

OBJECTIVE: to understand faith and spirituality in the meaning of life of the elderly with Chronic Kidney Disease. METHODS: a qualitative research based on Viktor Emil Frankl's Logotherapy and Existential Analysis. Twenty elderly people were interviewed between August 2018 and January 2019, between 60 and 79 years old, who underwent dialysis in a private unit, a reference in nephrology in the city of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. RESULTS: two categories of analysis emerged: Meaning of faith in the lived of the elderly with Chronic Kidney Disease; Faith as a forerunner of the meaning of life. Final considerations: faith and spirituality were understood as a fundamental foundation in the search for the meaning of the study participants' lives, besides unveiling itself as an important strategy of resilience to the experienced of the elderly person with Chronic Kidney Disease.

Spirituality and religiousity in the experience of suffering, guilt, and death of the elderly with cancer.

OBJECTIVE: to understand spirituality and religiosity in the experience of suffering, guilt, and death of the elderly with cancer. METHOD: qualitative research based on Viktor Frankl's Existential Analysis. Twenty phenomenological interviews were conducted with people over 60 years old undergoing chemotherapy treatment at an oncology unit of a hospital in the city of Salvador, Bahia State, Brazil, between August and October 2018. RESULTS: the following categories emerged: Experiences spirituality and religiosity in the face of the tragic triad and existential emptiness; Uses spirituality/religiosity as resilience strategies. After apprehension of ontic aspects, it was possible the ontological understanding of spirituality and religiosity in the face of suffering, guilt, and death experienced in the elderly with cancer's daily life. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: spirituality and religiosity were understood as coping strategies used in the unstable experience of the elderly with cancer, providing comfort and resilience.

Spirituality and religiosity for the transcendence of the elderly being.

OBJECTIVE: to understand the life experiences that favor transcendence of the elderly being. METHOD: a qualitative phenomenological hermeneutic study, in two groups of elderly coexistence. The selection of participants was by intentional sampling: 11 elderly, achieving theoretical saturation. Data collection was carried out through a phenomenological interview with a detonating question. Ethical principles of the General Health Law in health research were fulfilled. Analysis with Heideggerian hermeneutic circle was performed. RESULTS: unity of meaning on the consciousness of a higher power for transcendence is highlighted, where spirituality and religiosity are resources of the elderly for strength, feel protected, overcome difficult situations and reach fullness; both favor the understanding of their historicity by manifesting enlightenment. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: transcendence of the elderly being is favored with spirituality and the experiences of their daily life are imbued with a spiritual and religious relationship that give meaning to their existence.

Life experiences that favor the plenitude and transcendence of the elderly being: a phenomenological-hermeneutical study.

OBJECTIVE: To understand the life experiences that favor the plenitude and transcendence of the elderly being. METHOD: Qualitative study of hermeneutical phenomenological approach. It was conducted from January 2014 to March 2017 in two social groups for seniors. Selection of participants was by intentional sampling with information saturation. Characteristics of participants: men or women aged 60 years and over. Data collection through a phenomenological interview. Study in compliance with the General Law of Health, Subject of Health Research and the Declaration of Helsinki. Analysis through the Heidegger's hermeneutic circle: Pre-understanding, understanding and interpretation. RESULTS: Units of meaning arose. Ontologically, seniors are revealed in their historicity and temporality, emphasize fear and anguish in their daily life, and fall into a feeling of nothing with the need to be authentic that is achieved through care. This understanding of the being is transcendence, and its manifestation is enlightenment. CONCLUSION: Transcendence is favored by care in the life cycle. Nursing as a science of care can promote actions that facilitate the reach of the encounter of seniors at different stages of their lives.

Political and pedagogical projects of nursing residency to the elderly from Paulo Freire's perspective.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze political and pedagogical projects of nursing residency to the elderly from Paulo Freire's perspective. METHOD: a descriptive, exploratory study, qualitative approach using documentary analysis. Data source was pedagogical political projects of nursing residency programs in the health of the elderly. The data were collected between March and May 2017. Data analysis was based on Bardin's Thematic Analysis. It had as analytical categories specific dimensions of the proposed theoretical framework. RESULTS: twelve pedagogical political projects showed that learning dimensions appear in an incipient, fragmented way, demonstrating the reproduction of banking education, disregarding the importance of bringing the student as a subject of learning. CONCLUSION: there is a gap in pedagogical political projects from Paulo Freire's perspective. It is necessary that regulatory institutions can systematize and encourage so that pedagogical projects of these programs are based on Paulo Freire's epistemological bases, enabling the so desired holistic training.

Nurse care for the hospitalized elderly's spiritual dimension.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the nurse care for the spiritual hospitalized elderly's dimension. METHOD: a qualitative study, based on Jean Watson's Theory of Human Caring. The study included 17 nurses working in a geriatric center in Salvador City, Bahia State, Brazil. The collection of testimonies occurred between January and April of 2018, through an interview. RESULTS: spiritual care were dialogue, encouragement and respect for religious activities, embracement, empathy. One of the obstacles to providing this care was the lack of preparation in accessing the elderly's spiritual dimension. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: spirituality is a dimension of human and holistic nursing care. Caring for the spirit contributes to foster transpersonal care. The difficulty may be in the lack of nurses' preparation. It is necessary that they cultivate and live their own spirituality, transmitting the understanding in each care relationship.

Hospital transition care for the elderly: an integrative review.

OBJECTIVE: to identify evidence of scientific production on hospital transition care provided to the elderly. METHOD: an integrative review, with publications search in the MEDLINE, PubMed, LILACS, BDENF, Index Psychology and SciELO databases, with keywords and Mesh terms: elderly, hospitalization, patient discharge, health of the elderly, and transitional care, between 2013 and 2017 in English, Portuguese and Spanish. The 14 selected articles analysis was carried out through exploratory and critical reading of titles, abstracts and results of the researches. RESULTS: transitional care can prevent re-hospitalizations as they enable rehabilitation, promotion and cure of illnesses in the elderly. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: transitional care implies the improvement of the quality of life of the elderly person, requiring skilled health professionals who involve the family through accessible communication.

Being an institutionalized elderly person: meaning of experiences based on Heidegger's phenomenology.

OBJECTIVE: Analyze the meaning of being an elderly person living in a long-term institution. METHOD: Qualitative study based on Martin Heidegger's thought. Twelve phenomenological interviews were conducted with people aged over 60 years living in a long-term institution for the elderly in the city of Itabuna, Bahia, Brazil. RESULTS: The units of meaning identified were: experience of progressive loss of autonomy and independence, perception of living in an institution as an inevitable circumstance; and being-with becoming being-alone/being-lonely. After the identification of ontic aspects and hermeneutical understanding, the unit of meaning was constructed: meaning of being an elderly person living in a long-term institution. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: The ontological needs referring to being an elderly person remain forgotten. As we are ontic and ontological, limited care to the ontic instance indicates deficiencies in institutionalization. Improvements are required to ensure the right to age with quality of life to this population.

[Knowledge production in nursing: the (in)visibility of the attention to the health of the elderly]. / Produção do conhecimento em enfermagem: a (in) visibilidade da atenção à saúde do idoso.

Bibliographical, exploratory and descriptive research, with a quantitative approach, aiming at identifying the occurrence of nursing studies about healthcare for the elderly and analyzing the production of this knowledge in five nursing journals published in 2005. The results show that the number of journals in this area is very limited, 3.7%. These journals are concentrated in the states of São Paulo, 40%, and Rio de Janeiro, 28%. Qualitative approaches were predominant, 50%, with several theoretical methodological references being identified. The objects most often studied were the healthcare necessities and the caretaker, with 33.3% each; the professor was present in every article published. It is concluded that there is a necessity for knowledge production in Nursing about healthcare for elderly patients. In order to make this theme more visible, it is necessary to recognize and consolidate this specialty as a professional area, have competent researchers and a national policy of research incentives.

The meaning of religion/religiosity for the elderly.

OBJECTIVE: To understand the meaning of religion/religiosity for the elderly. METHOD: A qualitative, phenomenological study, based on Martin Heidegger. Thirteen older women registered in an Urban Social Center of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil aged between 60 and 84 years participated in the study. The collection of testimonies was carried out from November 2013 to May 2014 through phenomenological interviews. RESULTS: Hermeneutics has unveiled the unit of meaning: Meanings of religion/religiosity in the daily life of the elderly. Religion/religiosity offers comfort and well-being to the elderly person, helping to overcome changes arising from the aging process. Final considerations: The nurse, while providing care, should expand his/her vision in relation to the subjectivity of the elderly, in order to understand that religion/religiosity gives meaning to their existence.