Drug use evaluation of cefepime at Khartoum North Teaching Hospital in Sudan.

BACKGROUND: Cefepime is essentially used for life-threatening infections. Although overutilisation of antibiotics is strongly discouraged around the world, they are still overused in developing countries including Sudan. OBJECTIVES: This study aims to evaluate the rational use of cefepime at Khartoum North Teaching Hospital-Sudan. METHODS: A retrospective cross-sectional, hospital-based study was conducted in the internal medicine ward at Khartoum North Teaching Hospital from August/2018 to April/2019. The study covered medical records of adult patients receiving cefepime during the study period. Patient's data were analysed using simple descriptive statistics (frequency and percentage) and inferential statistics (logistic regression) to describe the relationship between dependent and independent variables. P ≤ .05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Out of 90 patients, only 16.7% of patients were tested for antibiotic sensitivity. Cefepime was prescribed to 50% and 23.3% of patients for the treatment of UTIs/post-dialysis and sepsis, respectively. Although the majority of patients (72.2%) received cefepime with appropriate indication, only 21.1% and 15.6% received the drug with appropriate dose and duration, respectively. Cefepime had been prescribed appropriately in a correct dose, duration, and indications for only 7.8% of patients. The vast majority of patients tested for kidney functions had elevated creatinine levels (96.1%); however, cefepime dose had been adjusted for only 4.1% of them. CONCLUSION: This study highlighted the irrational use of cefepime regarding inappropriate dose, duration, and inadequate antibiotic sensitivity tests. A lack of attention to dosage adjustment in patients with renal impairment had been observed. Positive clinical outcome was significantly associated with antibiotic sensitivity test.

Therapeutic outcomes evaluation of adjuvant hyperbaric oxygen therapy for non-healing diabetic foot ulcers among sudanese patients.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are common complications of diabetes that frequently lead to amputation and disability. Despite some promising results in using hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) for DFUs treatment, its efficacy is still debatable. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic outcomes of adjuvant HBOT in non-healing DFUs treatment. METHODS: A descriptive, retrospective, hospital-based study was conducted at Al-Mo'alem Medical City-Khartoum, Sudan from August to December 2018. Medical records of Type 2 diabetic patients, treated with HBOT plus standard wound care for DFUs, were included in the study. Data were analyzed by simple descriptive statistics and logistic regression. P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The study results showed that 51.7% of patients had Wagner grade-3 ulcers and 28.3% had complete loss of protective sensation. Almost 61% of patients achieved complete ulcer healing while 16.7% underwent amputation. Twenty percent of patients treated with HBOT experienced ear barotraumas as adverse effects. Protective sensation (OR = 6.00, 95% CI = 1.79-20.16, p = 0.004) and more sessions of HBOT (OR = 17.35, 95% CI = 4.51-66.73, p = 0.000) were positive predictors of complete ulcer healing. Loss of protective sensation (OR = 0.17, 95% CI = 0.05-0.63, p = 0.007) was an indicator of amputation. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with adjuvant HBOT enhanced ulcer healing and reduced amputation rate in patients with non-healing DFUs. HBOT could be considered a relatively safe intervention.