Link between circadian rhythm and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)/lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).

BACKGROUND: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the most common urologic disease in aging males, affecting 50% of men over 50 and up to 80% of men over 80 years old. Its negative impact on health-related quality of life implores further investigation into its risk factors and strategies for effective management. Although the exact molecular mechanisms underlying pathophysiological onset of BPH are poorly defined, the current hypothesized contributors to BPH and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) include aging, inflammation, metabolic syndrome, and hormonal changes. These processes are indirectly influenced by circadian rhythm disruption. In this article, we review the recent evidence on the potential association of light changes/circadian rhythm disruption and the onset of BPH and impact on treatment. METHODS: A narrative literature review was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar to identify supporting evidence. The articles referenced ranged from 1975 to 2023. RESULTS: A clear relationship between BPH/LUTS and circadian rhythm disruption is yet to be established. However, common mediators influence both diseases, including proinflammatory states, metabolic syndrome, and hormonal regulation that can be asserted to circadian disruption. Some studies have identified a possible relationship between general LUTS and sleep disturbance, but little research has been done on the medical management of these diseases and how circadian rhythm disruption further affects treatment outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: There is evidence to implicate a relationship between BPH/LUTS and circadian rhythm disruptions. However, there is scarce literature on potential specific link in medical management of the disease and treatment outcomes with circadian rhythm disruption. Further study is warranted to provide BPH patients with insights into circadian rhythm directed appropriate interventions.

Determinants of Staff Intent to Leave Health Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Objectives. To identify potential drivers of health care worker attrition. Methods. We conducted a survey of 1083 nonphysician health care workers in a large urban health system in New York City from September to October 2022. Results. The results of a multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that higher odds of intending to leave health care were significantly associated with male gender, registered nurse profession, burnout, self-perceived mental health service need, and verbal abuse from patients or visitors, whereas lower odds were seen among those reporting greater emotional well-being and a better workplace culture. A relative importance analysis indicated that burnout was the strongest correlate of intention to leave (22.5% relative variance explained [RVE]), followed by subjective emotional well-being (16.7% RVE), being a registered nurse (12.3% RVE), poorer perceived workplace culture (9.5% RVE), and male gender (5.9% RVE). Conclusions. Overall, our findings suggest the need for well-coordinated interventions that address both individual- and system-level factors in an effort to improve retention. Public Health Implications. Our results indicate a need for interventions targeting workplace culture, staff burnout, and mental health service provision. (Am J Public Health. 2024;114(S2):S200-S203. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307574).

Supportive care needs and utilization of bladder cancer patients undergoing radical cystectomy: A longitudinal study.

OBJECTIVES: Investigating supportive care (SC) needs and utilization/willingness to use SC services from diagnosis to one year after radical cystectomy in bladder cancer (BC) patients. MATERIALS & METHODS: A longitudinal cohort study was conducted in 90 BC patients at Ghent/Leuven University Hospitals between April 2017 and December 2020. The Supportive Care Needs Survey-short form (SCNS-SF34) was used before radical cystectomy, one, three, six and 12 months after radical cystectomy. Additional questions assessed utilization/willingness to use SC services. Linear mixed models were performed. RESULTS: The majority of BC patients report at least one moderate or high SC need at diagnosis (82%), month 1 (84%), month 3 (86%), month 6 (64%), and month 12 (60%). Significant decreases over time were seen for all domains (p < 0.001), except for sexuality (p = 0.275). From baseline to month 1, physical needs first significantly increased (p = 0.001) after which they decreased. Psychological (e.g. fears about the future) and informational (e.g. information on how to get better) needs were most common at baseline whereas physical (e.g. lack of energy) and informational needs were more common in the early postoperative phases. The majority of patients (ranging from 81% (month 1) to 91% (month 12)) did not make use of SC services and the majority of the patients (ranging from 81% (month 1) to 88% (month 12)) did not wish to talk about their problems to someone. Those willing to talk to someone preferred their physician. CONCLUSIONS: A clear gap exists between the large proportion of SC needs experienced by BC patients undergoing radical cystectomy and the low use of SC services.

Associations of self-efficacy, social support and coping strategies with health-related quality of life after radical cystectomy for bladder cancer: A cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVES: Investigating associations between self-efficacy, social support and quality of life (HRQoL) and mediating effects of coping among bladder cancer (BC) patients treated with radical cystectomy (RC). METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2012 to December 2014 with 99 BC patients. An online survey assessed patient characteristics, HRQoL, coping strategies, self-efficacy and social support. A stepwise multiple linear regression model was used. RESULTS: Self-efficacy and social support were significantly associated with HRQoL. Complete mediation effects of adaptive/maladaptive coping strategies emerged for the associations between self-efficacy and social support with functional well-being (B = 0.247, 95% CI 0.119-0.374, p < 0.001; B = -0.414, 95% CI -0.526 to -0.302, p < 0.001) and total Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Bladder (FACT-BI) (B = 0.779, 95% CI 0.351-1.207, p < 0.001; B = -1.969, 95% CI -2.344 to -1.594, p < 0.001). Maladaptive coping mediated the associations of self-efficacy and social support with physical well-being (B = -0.667, 95% CI -0.752 to -0.516, p < 0.001) and disease-specific symptoms (B = -0.413, 95% CI -0.521 to -0.304, p < 0.001). A partial mediation effect of adaptive coping was found for the association between self-efficacy and social well-being (B = 0.145, 95% CI 0.016-0.273, p < 0.05). Social support was significantly associated with emotional (B = 0.067, 95% CI 0.027-0.108, p < 0.001) and social well-being (B = 0.200, 95% CI 0.146-0.255, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Interventions should tackle self-efficacy, social support and coping strategies to improve BC patients' HRQoL.

Association between chronic kidney disease and COVID-19-related mortality in New York.

PURPOSE: To evaluate mortality risk of CKD patients infected with COVID-19, and assess shared characteristics associated with health disparities in CKD outcome. METHODS: We extracted the data from a case series of 7624 patients presented at Mount Sinai Health System, in New York for testing between 3/28/2020 and 4/16/2020. De-identified patient data set is being produced by the Scientific Computing department and made available to the Mount Sinai research community at the following website: https://msdw.mountsinai.org/ . RESULTS: Of 7624 COVID-19 patients, 7.8% (n = 597) had CKD on hospital admission, and 11.2% (n = 856) died of COVID-19 infection. CKD patients were older, more likely to have diabetes, hypertension, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), were current or former smokers, had a longer time to discharge, and had worse survival compared to non-CKD patients (p < 0.05). COVID-19 mortality rate was significantly higher in CKD patients (23.1% vs 10.2%) with a 1.51 greater odds of dying (95% CI: 1.19-1.90). Controlling for demographic, behavioral, and clinical covariates, the logistic regression analysis showed significant and consistent effects of CKD, older age, male gender, and hypertension with mortality (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: CKD was a significant independent predictor of COVID-19 mortality, along with older age, male gender, and hypertension. Future research will investigate the effects of COVID-19 on long-term renal function.

Staging Accuracy of Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Caucasian and African American Men Undergoing Radical Prostatectomy.

PURPOSE: We compared the performance of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging for the prediction of extraprostatic extension in African American and Caucasian American men and evaluated racial disparities in pathological outcomes after radical prostatectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We identified 975 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy with preoperative multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging between January 2013 and April 2019 at our institution. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed predicting pathological extraprostatic extension, high grade prostate cancer (final pathology GGG [Gleason Grade Group] 3 or greater) in the overall population and pathological upgrading (final pathology GGG 3 or greater) in patients with a diagnosis of GGG 1-2 prostate cancer. Adverse pathology was defined as pT3 and/or GGG 3 or greater. RESULTS: A total of 221 (23%) patients were African American. Preoperatively 594 (60.9%) were GGG 1-2 (low risk group) and 381 (39.1%) GGG 3 or greater (high risk group). In the low risk group rates of pathological extraprostatic extension (18% vs 12.8%, p=0.14), adverse pathology (18% vs 13.4%, p=0.2) or upgrading (9.4% vs 12.1%, p=0.4) were similar between races. Similarly, in the high risk group there was no difference in rates of pathological extraprostatic extension. On multivariable analysis multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging predicted the presence of extraprostatic extension (OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.29-2.50) and high grade prostate cancer (OR 1.82, 95% CI 1.25-2.67) on final pathology. Conversely, race did not predict the outcomes of interest (all values p >0.05). Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging showed comparable sensitivity (22.22% vs 27.84%), specificity (89.2% vs 79.2%), positive predictive value (89.2% vs 83.4%) and negative predictive value (89.2% vs 83.4%) between African American and Caucasian America men, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The accuracy of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging in staging prostate cancer was similar in African American and Caucasian American patients and no difference was found between races in pathological outcomes after radical prostatectomy. These findings suggest that access to and use of advanced diagnostic tests may help mitigate prostate cancer racial disparities.

Development and evaluation of a bladder Cancer specific survivorship care plan by patients and clinical care providers: a multi-methods approach.

BACKGROUND, CONTEXT AND PURPOSE: In spite of the mixed evidence for their impact, survivorship Care Plans (SCPs) are recommended to enhance quality of care for cancer survivors. Data on the feasibility of SCPs in bladder cancer (BC) is sparse. Using a mixed-methods approach, this study describes the iterative development, acceptability and feasibility of BC specific SCP (BC-SCP) in clinical settings. METHODS: In Phase I, we developed the BC-SCP. In Phase II, we conducted four focus groups with 19 patients and 15 providers to examine its acceptability and usability challenges. Data analyses using the Atlas.ti program, informed refinement of the BC-SCP. In Phase III, we conducted feasibility testing of the refined BC-SCP with 18 providers from 12 health-centers. An encounter survey was completed after each assessment to examine the feasibility of the BC-SCP. Chi-square and Fisher Exact tests were used for comparative analyses. RESULTS: During phase I, we observed high patient and provider acceptability of the BC-SCP and substantial engagement in improving its content, design, and structure. In Phase II, providers completed 59 BC-SCPs. Mean time for BC-SCP completion was 12.3 min. Providers reported that BC-SCP content was clear, did not hamper clinic flow and was readily completed with easy-to-access information. Comparative analyses to examine differences in SCP completion time by patient clinico-demographic characteristics and provider type revealed no significant differences. CONCLUSIONS: Our BC-SCP has clinical relevance, and can be used in an active practice setting. However, considerable progress will be necessary to achieve implementation of and sharing the BC-SCP with patients and care providers, particularly within the electronic medical record. In summary, BC-SCPs are essential to improve the follow up care of BC survivors. Clinical resources are required to ensure appropriate implementation of BC-SCPs. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Study HUM00056082.

Involving Patients in the Development and Evaluation of an Educational and Training Experiential Intervention (ETEI) to Improve Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer Treatment Decision-making and Post-operative Self-care: a Mixed Methods Approach.

This study aims to describe the acceptability and feasibility of an educational and training experiential intervention (ETEI) we developed to enhance muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) patients with treatment decision-making and post-operative self-care. Twenty-five patients were randomized to a control group (N = 8) or ETEI group (N = 17). ETEI group participated in a nurse-led session on MIBC education. The control group received diet and nutrition education. Study questionnaires were completed at baseline and at 1-month post-intervention. Our results showed acceptable recruitment (58%) and retention rates (68%). The ETEI group reported increased knowledge (82% vs. 50%), improved decisional support (64% vs. 50%), improved communication (73% vs. 50%), and increased confidence in treatment decisions (73% vs. 50%) compared to the control group. Patients in the control group reported improved diet (50% v. 27%) as well as maintaining a healthy lifestyle (67% vs. 45%) compared to the ETEI group. Patients in the ETEI group reported a significant decrease in cancer worries and increases in self-efficacy beliefs over time compared to the control group. The ETEI was feasible, acceptable, and showed a potential for inducing desired changes in cancer worries and efficacy beliefs.

A Multidimensional Analysis of Prostate Surgery Costs in the United States: Robotic-Assisted versus Retropubic Radical Prostatectomy.

BACKGROUND: The economic value of robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP) in the United States is still not well understood because of limited view analyses. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to examine the costs and benefits of RALP versus retropubic radical prostatectomy from an expanded view, including hospital, payer, and societal perspectives. METHODS: We performed a model-based cost comparison using clinical outcomes obtained from a systematic review of the published literature. Equipment costs were obtained from the manufacturer of the robotic system; other economic model parameters were obtained from government agencies, online resources, commercially available databases, an advisory expert panel, and the literature. Clinical point estimates and care pathways based on National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines were used to model costs out to 3 years. Hospital costs and costs incurred for the patients' postdischarge complications, adjuvant and salvage radiation treatment, incontinence and potency treatment, and lost wages during recovery were considered. Robotic system costs were modeled in two ways: as hospital overhead (hospital overhead calculation: RALP-H) and as a function of robotic case volume (robotic amortization calculation: RALP-R). All costs were adjusted to year 2014 US dollars. RESULTS: Because of more favorable clinical outcomes over 3 years, RALP provided hospital ($1094 savings with RALP-H, $341 deficit with RALP-R), payer ($1451), and societal ($1202) economic benefits relative to retropubic radical prostatectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Monte-Carlo probabilistic sensitivity analysis demonstrated a 38% to 99% probability that RALP provides cost savings (depending on the perspective). Higher surgical consumable costs are offset by a decreased hospital stay, lower complication rate, and faster return to work.

Muscle invasive bladder cancer: examining survivor burden and unmet needs.

PURPOSE: Although improvements in perioperative care have decreased surgical morbidity after radical cystectomy for muscle invasive bladder cancer, treatment side effects still have a negative impact on patient quality of life. We examined unmet patient needs along the illness trajectory. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 30 patients (26.7% women) treated with cystectomy and urinary diversion for muscle invasive bladder cancer participated in the study. Patients were recruited from the Department of Urology at Mount Sinai and through advertisements on the Bladder Cancer Advocacy Network (BCAN) website between December 2011 and September 2012. Data were collected at individual interviews, which were audiotaped and transcribed. Transcribed data were quantitatively analyzed to explore key unmet needs. RESULTS: At diagnosis unmet informational needs were predominant, consisting of insufficient discussion of certain topics, including urinary diversion options and their side effects, self-care, the recovery process and medical insurance. Unmet psychological needs related to depression, and worries about changes in body image and sexual function were reported. Postoperative unmet needs revolved around medical needs (eg pain and bowel dysfunction) and instrumental needs (eg need of support for stomal appliances, catheters and incontinence). During survivorship (ie 6 to 72 months postoperatively) unmet needs centered around psychological support (ie depression, poor body image and sexual dysfunction) and instrumental support (eg difficulty adjusting to changes in daily living). CONCLUSIONS: Meeting patient needs is imperative to ensure adequate patient involvement in health care and enhance postoperative quality of life. An effective support provision plan should follow changes in patient needs.

Impact of exercise on continence in prostate cancer patients post robotic assisted radical prostatectomy: a systematic review.

INTRODUCTION: Urinary incontinence is one of the most common long term side effects after robotic prostatectomy (RALP), and significantly impacts patient quality of life. Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) has been a standard part of the urologist's armamentarium for maximizing continence outcomes post-op. Recently, aerobic and resistance exercises have been described as improving functional outcomes post RALP. We performed a systematic review to determine the influence of exercise, in the form of PFMT, aerobic exercise, and resistance training, on incontinence post-RALP. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This systematic review was performed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, with database searches performed on January 14, 2022 and again on August 10, 2022 to account for any new publications. The search identified 1675 papers. Of the 1675 papers, 1007 were found to be duplicates, leaving 668 total studies for screening. Of the 668 papers, nine met all inclusion criteria. Of the nine, four studies presented data from patients who had undergone RALP and were included in the final descriptive systematic review. RESULTS: Sayilan et al. and Milios et al. showed postoperative PFMT and physical activity resulted in significantly improved continence outcomes at 1 and 6 months and 2, 6, and 12 weeks postoperatively, respectively. Heydenreich et al. combined PFMT with an oscillating rod therapy, which was found to significantly improve both postoperative urinary continence and health related quality of life compared to PFMT and relaxation techniques alone. On the contrary, Goode et al. examined delivery of exercise information and demonstrated no difference in continence outcomes between focused telehealth PFMT program and generic prostate cancer education. CONCLUSION: Pelvic floor muscle training, with or without adjunct therapies, results in improved continence outcomes post RALP. Supervised training programs may or may not accelerate this finding. There is no recent literature to support or refute the benefit of aerobic exercise or resistance training on reducing post-prostatectomy incontinence after RALP.

New York City's Community-Based Organizations and the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Descriptive Analysis of Local Organizations' Response Efforts and Their Role During Public Health Crises.

Community-based organizations (CBOs) are on the frontlines offering resources and support to residents during times of distress. Through a community-academic partnership, an interdisciplinary team developed, collected, and analyzed 91 surveys from social services providers across New York City assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on their organizations' operations. The majority (93%) of these organizations stayed open during the pandemic but had to shift the services they offered to meet new needs. Although most (89%) shared they were not offering on-site testing for COVID-19, 53% expressed interest in becoming a test site, citing needs such as funding, test kits, and skills-building for staff. More than half of the respondents were eager to get involved in public health efforts in other ways, such as joining local research advisory boards. Despite increasing the services they provided, CBOs saw decreases in staffing and volunteers. Furthermore, although nearly half (48%) received governmental aid, many faced financial pressures and several had to close offices during the pandemic. As trusted resources, CBOs can help meet public health needs if provided with proper support and resources. It is critical that those working in prevention and relief are considerate about how and when they leverage effective partnerships between public health organizations and CBOs, offering organizations the resources they need to be effective in this charge, given the role they can have in promoting health equity.

Depression and anxiety among patients treated for bladder cancer: examining clinical, demographic, and psychosocial predictors.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: The significant impact of bladder cancer and treatment on patient health related quality of life (HRQoL) and emotional wellbeing has been documented. Increasing evidence from cancer research emphasizes the importance of examining patients supportive care needs and received social support as factors that could influence their emotional adjustment. The purpose of the study was to assess the demographic and clinical predictors of depression and anxiety among bladder cancer patients and its associations with patient reported supportive care needs and perceived availability of social support. METHODS: A cross-sectional design was used to investigate the study questions. Bladder cancer patients were recruited from the Bladder Cancer Advocacy Network (BCAN) to complete a questionnaire that included the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), bladder cancer patient need survey (BCNAS-32), and the social provisions scale (SPS). The inclusion criteria restricted our sample to include bladder cancer patients who were English speakers, aged 18-85 years, and were able and willing to provide informed consent. Patients who had metastatic disease, cancer recurrence, or other primary cancers at the time of assessment were excluded from the study. RESULTS: Participants included 159 bladder cancer patients. The mean age was 62±9.4 years and 51% were male. Almost two-thirds (62%) of patients reported a diagnosis of muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), 25% patient reported clinically significant levels of anxiety, 17% reported clinically significant levels of depression, and 13% and 17% reported abnormal borderline abnormal levels for anxiety and depression, respectively. Univariate regression analyses revealed significant associations between HADS total score, HADS depression and anxiety subscales, patient age, physical functioning/daily living needs, sexuality needs, and perceived social support with higher total scores, anxiety, and depression scores associated with younger age, higher unmet needs, and lower levels of social support. Multivariate regression analyses, showed similar findings confirming the associations depicted by the univariate regression analyses. CONCLUSIONS: Bladder cancer patients experience significant levels of depression and anxiety and these levels are associated with patient age, supportive care unmet needs and lack of social support. Patient focused interventions could be tailored to address these issues with the goal to improve patient HRQoL and emotional adjustment.

Undue burden: Black faculty, COVID-19, and the racial justice movement.

A crucial reckoning was initiated when the COVID-19 pandemic began to expose and intensify long-standing racial/ethnic health inequities, all while various sectors of society pursued racial justice reform. As a result, there has been a contextual shift towards broader recognition of systemic racism, and not race, as the shared foundational driver of both societal maladies. This confluence of issues is of particular relevance to Black populations disproportionately affected by the pandemic and racial injustice. In response, institutions have initiated diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) efforts as a way forward. This article considers how the dual pandemic climate of COVID-19-related health inequities and the racial justice movement could exacerbate the "time and effort tax" on Black faculty to engage in DEI efforts in academia and biomedicine. We discuss the impact of this "tax" on career advancement and well-being, and introduce an operational framework for considering the interconnected influence of systemic racism, the dual pandemics, and DEI work on the experience of Black faculty. If not meaningfully addressed, the "time and effort tax" could contribute to Black and other underrepresented minority faculty leaving academia and biomedicine - consequently, the very diversity, equity, and inclusion work meant to increase representation could decrease it.

Baseline functional status may predict decisional regret following robotic prostatectomy.

PURPOSE: Physician knowledge of factors related to patient decisional regret following definitive management for localized prostate cancer is an important but under evaluated element in comprehensive patient counseling. Using validated instruments, we analyzed the relationships of pathological, perioperative and functional health related quality of life variables to treatment related regret following robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Of 953 consecutive patients presenting for followup after robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy 703 (74%) completed validated measures of health related quality of life and treatment decisional regret. Baseline functional measures were assessed with the Sexual Health Inventory for Men and International Prostate Symptom Score. Questionnaires were administered a median of 11.1 months (IQR 4.6-26.1) after surgery. Clinicopathological, perioperative and functional outcomes were analyzed with univariable and multivariable models to examine associations with patient decisional regret. RESULTS: Of the patients 88% did not regret the decision to undergo robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy. Baseline health related quality of life, specifically baseline incontinence and superior erectile function, independently predicted increased postoperative decisional regret. In addition, older age, postoperative incontinence measured by pad use, postoperative erectile dysfunction and longer time from surgery were independent predictors of increased decisional regret. Preoperative cancer risk, and histopathological and short-term biochemical outcomes were unrelated to decisional regret. CONCLUSIONS: Decisional regret following robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy is independently predicted by age, baseline urinary and erectile function, perioperative outcomes, and postoperative urinary and erectile function. These results may be useful to urologists during preoperative patient counseling to set realistic expectations for the postoperative course, potentially improving the surgical experience.

Acceptability and preliminary feasibility of an internet/CD-ROM-based education and decision program for early-stage prostate cancer patients: randomized pilot study.

BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer is the most common cancer affecting men in the United States. Management options for localized disease exist, yet an evidence-based criterion standard for treatment still has to emerge. Although 5-year survival rates approach 98%, all treatment options carry the possibility for significant side effects, such as erectile dysfunction and urinary incontinence. It is therefore recommended that patients be actively involved in the treatment decision process. We have developed an Internet/CD-ROM-based multimedia Prostate Interactive Educational System (PIES) to enhance patients' treatment decision making. PIES virtually mirrors a health center to provide patients with information about prostate cancer and its treatment through an intuitive interface, using videos, animations, graphics, and texts. OBJECTIVES: (1) To examine the acceptability and feasibility of the PIES intervention and to report preliminary outcomes of the program in a pilot trial among patients with a new prostate cancer diagnosis, and (2) to explore the potential impact of tailoring PIES treatment information to participants' information-seeking styles on study outcomes. METHODS: Participants (n = 72) were patients with newly diagnosed localized prostate cancer who had not made a treatment decision. Patients were randomly assigned to 3 experimental conditions: (1) control condition (providing information through standard National Cancer Institute brochures; 26%), and PIES (2) with tailoring (43%) and (3) without tailoring to a patient's information-seeking style (31%). Questionnaires were administrated before (t1) and immediately after the intervention (t2). Measurements include evaluation and acceptability of the PIES intervention, monitoring/blunting information-seeking style, psychological distress, and decision-related variables (eg, decisional confidence, feeling informed about prostate cancer and treatment, and treatment preference). RESULTS: The PIES program was well accepted by patients and did not interfere with the clinical routine. About 79% of eligible patients (72/91) completed the pre- and post-PIES intervention assessments. Patients in the PIES groups compared with those in the control condition were significantly more likely to report higher levels of confidence in their treatment choices, higher levels of helpfulness of the information they received in making a treatment decision, and that the information they received was emotionally reassuring. Patients in the PIES groups compared with those in the control condition were significantly less likely to need more information about treatment options, were less anxious about their treatment choices, and thought the information they received was clear (P < .05). Tailoring PIES information to information-seeking style was not related to decision-making variables. CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study confirms that the implementation of PIES within a clinical practice is feasible and acceptable to patients with a recent diagnosis of prostate cancer. PIES improved key decision-making process variables and reduced the emotional impact of a difficult medical decision.

Impact of Circadian Rhythms on the Development and Clinical Management of Genitourinary Cancers.

The circadian system is an innate clock mechanism that governs biological processes on a near 24-hour cycle. Circadian rhythm disruption (i.e., misalignment of circadian rhythms), which results from the lack of synchrony between the master circadian clock located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) and the environment (i.e., exposure to day light) or the master clock and the peripheral clocks, has been associated with increased risk of and unfavorable cancer outcomes. Growing evidence supports the link between circadian disruption and increased prevalence and mortality of genitourinary cancers (GU) including prostate, bladder, and renal cancer. The circadian system also plays an essential role on the timely implementation of chronopharmacological treatments, such as melatonin and chronotherapy, to reduce tumor progression, improve therapeutic response and reduce negative therapy side effects. The potential benefits of the manipulating circadian rhythms in the clinical setting of GU cancer detection and treatment remain to be exploited. In this review, we discuss the current evidence on the influence of circadian rhythms on (disease) cancer development and hope to elucidate the unmet clinical need of defining the extensive involvement of the circadian system in predicting risk for GU cancer development and alleviating the burden of implementing anti-cancer therapies.

Circadian Rhythm Disruption as a Contributor to Racial Disparities in Prostate Cancer.

In the United States, African American (AA) men have a 2.4 times higher mortality rate due to prostate cancer than White men. The multifactorial causes of the racial disparities in prostate cancer involve various social determinants of health, socioeconomic status, and access to healthcare. However, emerging evidence also suggests that circadian rhythm disruption (CRD) contributes to prostate cancer, and AA men may be more susceptible to developing CRDs. Circadian rhythms play a significant role in metabolism, hormone secretion, and sleep/wake cycles. Disruption in these circadian rhythms can be caused by airplane travel/jetlag, night shift work, exposure to light, and neighborhood noise levels, which can contribute to sleep disorders and chronic conditions such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and depression. The drivers of the racial disparities in CRD include night shift work, racial discrimination, elevated stress, and residing in poor neighborhoods characterized by high noise pollution. Given the increased vulnerability of AA men to CRDs, and the role that CRDs play in prostate cancer, elucidating the clock-related prostate cancer pathways and their behavior and environmental covariates may be critical to better understanding and reducing the racial disparities in prostate cancer.

Efficacy of pre and rehabilitation in radical cystectomy on health related quality of life and physical function: A systematic review.

Objective: The efficacy of prehabilitation or rehabilitation interventions on radical cystectomy (RC) patient reported outcomes (PROs), and patient centered outcome has not yet been thoroughly explored in prior reviews, therefore the aim of this review is to evaluate the efficacy of a single or multi-modal prehabilitation or/and postoperative rehabilitation interventions compared to standard treatment on postoperative complications after RC. Methods: We performed a three-step search strategy in PubMed, Cinahl, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. We used Covidence for the screening of articles, risk of bias assessment, and data-extraction. GRADE was used to assess the risk of bias in outcomes across studies. Where meta-analysis was possible, we used the random effect method due to substantial heterogeneity. The remaining outcomes were summarized narratively. Results: We identified fourteen studies addressing one of the outcomes. None of the studies provided evidence to support that prehabilitation and/or rehabilitation interventions can improve global health related quality of life (HRQoL) in RC surgery or can reduce postoperative complications significantly. However, preoperative and postoperative education in stoma care can significantly improve self-efficacy and we found significant added benefits of sexual counseling to intracavernous injections compared to injection therapy alone. Likewise, an intensive smoking and alcohol cessation intervention demonstrated a significant effect on quit rates. Physical exercise is feasible and improves physical functioning although it does not reduce the postoperative complications. Conclusions: Currently, no evidence of efficacy of prehabilitation and/or rehabilitation interventions to improve the overall HRQoL or postoperative complications after RC exists. We found evidence that education in stoma care improved self-efficacy significantly. Adequately powered randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are needed to generate high-quality evidence in this field.

Current strategies to improve erectile function in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy - preoperative scenario.

Radical prostatectomy (RP) is a common procedure for localized and locally advanced prostate cancer (PCa). Despite advances in the technique with the introduction of robotic surgery, erectile dysfunction (ED) remains a major drawback. Therefore, a personalized evaluation that considers the patient's expectations and cultural background, baseline erectile function (EF), health status, and tumoral extension is important to optimize outcomes. Since EF has a tremendous impact on the quality of life of the patient and the intimate partner, it is timely to review multidisciplinary approaches to be implemented in the preoperative setting. Here we propose various strategies divided into two main categories, namely, comprehensive preoperative planning and prehabilitation (Figure 1.).