Effects of continuous wave and fractionated diode laser on human fibroblast cancer and dermal normal cells by zinc phthalocyanine in photodynamic therapy: A comparative study.

In this experimental study, cancer and normal cells behavior during an in vitro photodynamic therapy (PDT) under exposure of continuous wave (CW) and fractionated mode of laser with different irradiation power and time intervals was compared and investigated. At the first, human fibroblast cancer cell line (SW 872) and human dermal normal (HFFF2) cell line were incubated with different concentrations of zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc), as a PDT drug. The cells, then, were irradiated with a 675nm diode laser and the cell viability was evaluated using MTT assay. Under optimized conditions, the viability of the cancer cells was eventually reduced to 3.23% and 13.17%, and that of normal cells was decreased to 20.83% and 36.23% using CW and fractionated diode lasers, respectively. In general, the ratio of ZnPc LD50 values for the normal cells to the cancer cells with CW laser was much higher than that of the fractionated laser. Subsequently, cancer cells in comparison with normal ones were found to be more sensitive toward the photodynamic damage induced by ZnPc. In addition, treatment with CW laser was found to be more effective against the cancer cells with a lower toxicity to the normal cells compared with the fractionated diode laser.

Highly sensitive electrochemiluminescence detection of p53 protein using functionalized Ru-silica nanoporous@gold nanocomposite.

A simple, rapid response time and ultrahigh sensitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor based on Ru(bpy)3(2+)doped silica doped AuNPs (Ru-Si@Au nanocomposite) was developed for detection of p53 protein, a well-known tumor suppressor. The immunosensor was constructed using biotinylated capture antibody, immobilized on the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) using streptavidin modified-gold nanoparticles/thiolated graphene oxide, followed by its conjugation with the Ru-silica@Au nanocomposite labeled secondary antibody to form a sandwich-type immunocomplex. The use of Ru-Si@Au nanocomposites led to a remarkable increase in the ECL intensity and, thus, the sensitivity of the method. Under the optimized conditions, the linear range of the proposed p53 immunosensor was found between 0.2 and 200 pM with a calculated limit of detection of 22.8 fM. The selectivity and reproducibility of the immunosensor was also investigated and the results showed high specificity and great stability in detecting of p53. Moreover, the ECL immunosensor was successfully applied for quantification of p53 protein in the human spiked serum samples and more importantly in the human normal and cancer skin fibroblast cells showing much satisfactory result compared with the ELISA method. The proposed immunosensor reported herein offers a considerable potential in early detection of cancer and clinical diagnosis and provides a new platform for biomarker detection.