Validity and reliability of the measurement instrument of the nursing outcome health-related Physical Fitness (2004), proposed and transculturally adapted to the Spanish context.

BACKGROUND: Presently, physical inactivity is the main public health problem in many countries worldwide. Physical activity promotes the maintenance or improvement of one's physical condition. Physical fitness has been established as the main biological marker of the state of health of an individual, and therefore, there is a clear need to measure health-related physical fitness through the use of a reliable and valid instrument. This study is a continuation of the transcultural adaptation process and a new proposal of the nursing outcome Physical Fitness (2004), found in the 5th Edition of the Nursing Outcomes Classification. The objective of this study was to examine the validity and reliability of the nursing outcome Health-Related Physical Fitness survey, proposed and transculturally adapted to the Spanish context. METHODS: An instrumental study to validate the nursing outcome Physical Fitness (2004), from the 5th Edition of the Nursing Outcome Classification was carried out. It took place between the months of May, 2016 to May, 2017. On the first stage, the instrument proposed Health-Related Physical Fitness survey was administered to 160 adults who used the Health Services of Murcia, Spain by three independent evaluators. After 4 weeks, it was administered again to 33 participants to calculate the intra-rater reliability. Lastly, the SF-12v2 Health Survey was administered to obtain external evidence of validity. RESULTS: The inter-rater reliability of the nursing outcome proposed obtained high values (between 0.91-0.99) in the evaluations performed by the three evaluators. As for the intra-rater reliability, high values were obtained (0.94-1), except for the item "balance", which was moderate (0.56). Lastly, a positive and statistically significant correlation (p < 0.05) was obtained between the Physical Component Summary, and the dimensions Physical Functioning and General Health from the SF-12v2 Health Survey, and the global score of the Health-Related Physical Fitness proposed instrument. CONCLUSIONS: The validity and reliability results of the nursing outcome Health-Related Physical Fitness survey, proposed and transculturally adapted to the Spanish context, were adequate for its use by nurses with adults who use the Health Services of Murcia. However, this instrument must be analyzed with more diverse samples of health services users.

Implementation of Assisted Therapy With Dogs in the Therapeutic Approach to People With Autistic Spectrum Disorder.

A holistic intervention is needed for individuals who suffer from autism spectrum disorders. Our objective was to work with these individuals in a multidisciplinary manner through the use of animal-assisted therapy, finding improvements in the experimental group as compared with the control group in the different evaluated areas.

Educational Intervention to Decrease Justification of Adolescent Dating Violence: A Comparative Quasi-Experimental Study.

Adolescent dating violence has become a public health problem because of the associated high morbidity and mortality rates. Despite social awareness about dating violence, the high justification of violence among adolescents is one of the main risk factors for both perpetration and victimisation. Therefore, the objective of the present work was to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention in reducing the justification of violence in adolescent dating. A quasi-experimental, longitudinal, prospective study with a control group was conducted. The study was carried out in six different schools in the Region of Murcia (Spain), and the participants were 854 students aged 14-18 years. The educational intervention was focused on reducing the justification of adolescent dating violence and consisted of 9 weekly 1 h group sessions. The Justification of Verbal/Coercive Tactics Scale (JVCT) and the Attitudes About Aggression in Dating Situations (AADS) survey were administered at baseline and at the end of the intervention in order to determine the justification of psychological and physical violence, respectively. At baseline, the justification of physical violence was at a medium-to-high level in boys (76.8%) and girls (56.7%), whereas psychological violence was much less justified. Concretely, female psychological violence was justified by 19.5% boys and 16.7% girls, while male violence was justified by 19.0% boys and 17.8% girls. After the educational intervention, a significant decrease in physical violence justification, especially in the AADS dimension of female aggression, was observed. The effect of the intervention was especially evident in psychological violence justification: a statistically significant difference was observed in the JVCT scores of boys (-6.4 and 1.3 points in the intervention and control groups, respectively; p = 0.031), but not of girls (p = 0.594). In conclusion, the educational intervention was adequate to reduce the justification of dating violence among the participants. It may provide adolescents with the skills and resources necessary to confront and resolve conflicts in relationships in a non-violent manner.

Sonographic Markers Are Useful for Detection of Early Vascular Deterioration in Children with Overweight/Obesity: Effect of a 1-Year Combined Nutritional Education and Physical Exercise Program.

As in adults, childhood obesity is associated with several metabolic disorders; however, there is little information regarding complex obesity-derived complications such as hepatic steatosis or endothelial dysfunction at early ages. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to analyze the effect of a nutritional and physical exercise program on obesity comorbidities in the form of subclinical atherosclerosis and non-alcoholic fatty liver in young children. A total of 148 children completed the study. For nine months (one academic year), children carried out a nutritional and physical activity program of 3 h/week. Anthropometric, clinical, liver ultrasound and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) parameters were evaluated. Our results showed that the program significantly improved anthropometrical parameters, especially regarding BMI and body fat (p < 0.001 and p = 0.004, respectively). The effect on metabolic parameters was limited, although a significant reduction on triglycerides was observed (p = 0.009). The education program had a great influence on the echogenic parameters, since the percentage of children with light steatosis decreased from 35% to 4% at the end of the study. In addition, cIMT also decreased significantly in both groups, although there was no statistically significant differences between groups. In conclusion, detection of early complications of obesity through sonographic parameters may allow early intervention, as in the present study, to prevent obesity co-morbidities in children.

Quality of life of patients and caregivers in southern Spain: Living with the Obstructive pulmonary disease and after a stroke.

Chronic diseases show a significant limitation on the quality of life and functional status, as patients as also their caregivers. The objective of this study is to analyse the quality of life of patients diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and stroke and their caregivers, and to find out if there is a relationship between the caregiver's overload and the quality of life of the patient, as well as to determine whether the functional status of the patients is related to the quality of life of the caregiver. Quantitative, observational, descriptive, cross-sectional and prospective study, performed at Primary Health Care Centres of the northwest Area of Murcia Region (Spain), between January and May 2018, with 131 patients, 79 with stroke, 48 with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (4 of them with both diseases), and 110 caregivers. The EuroQol scale, Zarit's questionnaire and Barthel's index and an ad hoc questionnaire of sociodemographic variables developed for this study were used. We found a positive and significant correlation between the scores of the caregiver's overload scale and those of the caregiver's health status (r = -0.425; p = 0.001), and a negative and also significant correlation between the overload and quality of life of the patients (r = -0.297; p = 0.002) and their inability (r = 0.189; p = 0.048). The more the overload we find the worse quality of life of the caregiver, but better quality of life of the patient. The physical inability of the patients also influences on the caregiver's level of overload, but not in his health status. Intervention programmes are needed to improve the quality of life of family members as they are the best patient support and the best help for healthcare professionals.

Satisfaction and Beliefs on Gender-Based Violence: A Training Program of Mexican Nursing Students Based on Simulated Video Consultations during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The increase in gender-based violence in light of the COVID-19 pandemic is a public health problem that needs to be addressed. Our study aimed to describe the satisfaction with a training program in gender violence victim's attention through simulated nursing video consultations, analyze the beliefs on gender violence in Mexican undergraduate nursing students, and understand the skills that need to be improved. A descriptive cross-sectional study using a mixed-method was carried out with 27 students using a validated satisfaction questionnaire (quantitative data) and conducting scripted interviews (qualitative data) analyzed through the interpretive paradigm. All nursing students expressed a high overall satisfaction with simulated nursing video consultations and positive perceptions about this training program. From the students' perceptions, three first-level categories and their related second-level and specific categories emerged: belief and myths, skills to improve, and learning improvements. A training program in gender violence victim's attention through simulated nursing video consultations, in the middle of a pandemic, was a satisfactory experience for nursing students and beneficial for them, as they gained new knowledge and socioemotional skills. This training program mainly improved the acquisition of communication and emotional management skills for an adequate gender violence victim's attention.

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Sources of Information on Vaccines in Spanish Nursing Students: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Health professionals are the most influential and main sources of information about vaccines for the general population, as they are regarded as role models by patients and society. The objective of the present study was to determine the knowledge and attitudes of a group of university Nursing students about vaccines, as well as their sources of information and their education needs. A cross-sectional study was performed through a questionnaire (55 items) provided to Nursing students at two Spanish universities. A total of 1122 students participated in the study. The mean score obtained for knowledge about vaccines was 44.6 ± 4.3, and for attitudes towards vaccines, it was 37.2 ± 3.9. Hepatitis B (94.7%) and the Flu (89%) are the two main vaccines they should receive as health workers. The main source of information was the family environment (65.6%). Most of them considered that post-graduate education about vaccines should be provided by academic entities (universities, 62.7%). Among the health professionals, Nurses (85.5%) must be better educated and trained on the subject of vaccines. It is therefore necessary to delve into and complete the nurses' training on vaccines, to educate them about the risks at the individual level, and their decisive role as promoters of the vaccination strategy for the general population. Universities must become the leaders in vaccine education and training.

Health status and nutritional development of adopted Ethiopian children living in southern Spain: A prospective cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: The first aim of this study was to evaluate the health status and anthropometrical development of adopted children from Ethiopia living in southern Spain. A second aim was to evaluate the association between these parameters and adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern. METHODS: The study sample included 53 adopted children from Ethiopia and a matched sample of 54 native-born children. A physical examination of the children, including height and weight, was conducted in Ethiopia at the time of entry into the adoption process. Height and weight were re-measured at the first day of adoption and 6, 12, and 24 mo after adoption. After 2 y of follow-up, another physical examination was performed, including the KIDMED test, to measure adherence to the Mediterranean diet. RESULTS: Skin and digestive conditions were the most prevalent disorders in Ethiopian children before adoption and at the end of follow-up. Baseline anthropometric characteristics indicated a low wasting prevalence (7.5%); however, stunted growth was more prevalent (35.8%). After 6 mo, the weight-for-age of Ethiopian children was restored (change from baseline P < 0.001), and not significantly different from the Spanish children at 1-y after adoption. Height-for-age also increased from baseline (P < 0.001. A higher KIDMED score was associated with increased weight-for-age (r = 0.279; P = 0.045) and height-for-age (r = 0.385; P = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: This prospective study of adopted Ethiopian children confirmed a rapid growth development that occurred from the beginning of the adoption process and continued after the 2-y of follow-up. A higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with better growth development, which reinforces the importance of a balanced and adequate diet in growing children.

[Academic and psycho-socio-familiar factors associated to anxiety and depression in university students. Reliability and validity of a questionnaire]. / Fiabilidad y validez de un cuestionario para medir en estudiantes universitarios la asociación de la ansiedad y depresión con factores académicos y psicosociofamiliares durante el curso 2004-2005.

BACKGROUND: The high frequency of anxiety and depression in university students is related to social, family factors and academic stress. The aim of this research is to determine the internal consistency and validity of a questionnaire on socio-familiar and academic situations which may be related to psychopathological situations in university students. METHODS: The research was carried out at the Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia with 700 students, to whom a questionnaire made by the researchers was given. This questionnaire included items which evaluated academic and socio-familiar aspects. Variables regarding various stressful situations amongst students, and the Goldbergs level of anxiety and depression scale were used as independent facts of research in order to measure the validity of the questionnaire. RESULTS: The reliability of the questionnaire was shown after obtaining an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.819. The original questionnaire with 19 items was reduced to 15 items after the homogeneity analysis, obtaining a Cronbach alpha of 0.758. The validity of constructio was evaluated with the factor analysis of the questionnaire, with a result of two factors which represented academic aspects and socio-familiar aspects. Those students with a positive anxiety and depression test were the ones who obtained the higher score on the global questionnaire and in both factors, proving the validity of the criteria. CONCLUSIONS: The research questionnaire is an agile and easy to use tool for the assessment and early detection of anxiety and depression in university students.

The cultural dialogue on the domestic dimension of care to immigrant caregivers in Spain.

OBJECTIVES: to determine how the immigration phenomenon influences the response to informal care in the domestic level through the caregiver activity, and to analyze the cultural dialogue established in the residential area of Murcia (Spain). METHOD: This is an ethnographic study, conducted in 26 informal immigrant caregivers. As data collection instruments, semi-structured interviews and participant observation were employed. MAXQDA-2 assisted content analysis was also applied. RESULTS: the immigrant caregiver is the main consumer of traditional medicines, extending these health practices to her home group. A cultural dialogue is established on informal care, characterized by interculturalism and mutual adaptation. CONCLUSIONS: cultural hybridization was identified for informal caregivers, immigrants and cultural integration: new health care practices and cultural behaviors in informal systems. There is a transformation in the roles of family members attended in domestic environments, increasing quality of life and self care. They represent an alternative to medicalization, promoting self-management of health.

The cultural dialogue on the domestic dimension of care to immigrant caregivers in Spain / O diálogo cultural na dimensão doméstica de atendimento em cuidadores imigrantes na Espanha / Diálogo cultural en la dimensión doméstica de cuidar en cuidadores inmigrantes en España

Objectives: to determine how the immigration phenomenon influences the response to informal care in the domestic level through the caregiver activity, and to analyze the cultural dialogue established in the residential area of Murcia (Spain).Method: This is an ethnographic study, conducted in 26 informal immigrant caregivers. As data collection instruments, semi-structured interviews and participant observation were employed. MAXQDA-2 assisted content analysis was also applied.Results: the immigrant caregiver is the main consumer of traditional medicines, extending these health practices to her home group. A cultural dialogue is established on informal care, characterized by interculturalism and mutual adaptation.Conclusions: cultural hybridization was identified for informal caregivers, immigrants and cultural integration: new health care practices and cultural behaviors in informal systems. There is a transformation in the roles of family members attended in domestic environments, increasing quality of life and self care. They represent an alternative to medicalization, promoting self-management of health.

Objetivos: determinar como o fenômeno da imigração influencia na resposta aos cuidados informais a nível doméstico por meio da atividade de um cuidador e analisar o diálogo cultural estabelecido na área habitacional de Múrcia (Espanha).Método: Trata-se de um estudo etnográfico, realizado em 26 cuidadores informais imigrantes. Como instrumentos de coleta de dados foram utilizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas e observação participante. Análise de conteúdo assistida MAXQDA-2 também foi aplicada.Resultados: a cuidadora imigrante é a principal consumidora de medicamentos tradicionais, estendendo essas práticas de saúde para o grupo doméstico. Um diálogo cultural é estabelecido no cuidado informal, caracterizado pela interculturalidade e adaptação mútua.Conclusões: identifica-se hibridização cultural nas cuidadoras informais imigrantes, intercâmbio e integração cultural: novas práticas de atendimento na saúde e comportamentos culturais em sistemas informais. Há uma transformação nos papéis familiares em atendimento em ambientes domésticos, aumentando a qualidade de vida e autocuidado. Eles representam uma alternativa à medicalização, promovendo a autogestão da saúde.

Objetivos: conocer cómo influye el fenómeno de la inmigración en la respuesta informal de cuidados a nivel doméstico a través de la actividad como cuidador y analizar el diálogo cultural que se establece en el ámbito domiciliario de Murcia (España).Método: se trata de un estudio etnográfico, realizado en 26 cuidadores informales inmigrantes. Como instrumentos de recogida de información utilizamos entrevista semiestructurada y observación participante. Se aplicó análisis de contenido asistido por MAXQDA-2.Resultados: La cuidadora inmigrante es la principal consumidora de medicinas tradicionales, extendiendo estas prácticas de salud al grupo doméstico, favoreciendo el pluralismo asistencial, pero fomentando también su invisibilidad. Se establece un diálogo cultural en el cuidado informal, caracterizado por interculturalismo y adaptación mutua.Conclusiones: se identifica hibridación cultural en las cuidadoras informales inmigrantes, intercambio e integración cultural: nuevas prácticas de atención a la salud y comportamientos culturales en los sistemas informales. Existe una transformación de roles familiares del cuidado en entornos domésticos, aumentando la calidad de vida, autoatención y autocuidado. Representan una alternativa a la medicalización, potenciando la autogestión de salud.