Translation, Cultural Adaptation, and Psychometric Evaluation of the Manchester Foot Pain and Disability Index in Persian-Speaking Iranians With Foot Disorders.

Foot pain has a significantly detrimental effect on mobility, function, and health status. Researchers have developed a number of measurement tools to assess foot health and its impact on quality of life. This study was conducted to translate the original English Manchester Foot Pain and Disability Index (MFPDI) into Persian and to examine the psychometric properties of the Persian version. A total of 206 patients with a range of foot disorders filled out the Persian version of the MFPDI and the Short-Form 36 Health Survey. The Persian version of the MFPDI was re-completed by the participants at an interval of 5 to 7 days. The analyses performed included internal consistency, test-retest reliability, construct validity, and floor and ceiling effect analysis. The Persian MFPDI had a good internal consistency (Cronbach's α ≥ 0.70) and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.84). The construct validity of the Persian MFPDI was demonstrated to be acceptable as a result of its significantly strong negative correlations with the Short-Form 36 Health Survey. The results of this study showed that the Persian version of the MFPDI is a valid and reliable measure to assess foot-related disability.

Additional effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation in a conservative intervention on morphology and strength of abductor hallucis muscle and correction of hallux valgus deformity: a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: In hallux valgus, morphological changes and functional weakness of intrinsic foot muscles occur, especially in the abductor hallucis muscle. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate how a conservative treatment with the addition of neuromuscular electrical stimulation affects the volume and strength of the muscle, the correction of deformity, passive range of motion, pain, and disability. METHODS: Twenty-eight female participants (48 feet) were randomly assigned to two groups. The interventions included orthoses and exercise (Ortho) in both groups. One group received additional neuromuscular electrical stimulation of abductor hallucis muscle to activate it. Each group received the treatments for one month and was assessed two times, at baseline before starting and after one month of treatment. Mixed within-between ANOVA, analysis of covariance, and nonparametric tests were used for data analysis. RESULTS: The muscle volume, abduction strength, goniometric angle, and passive hallux dorsi/plantar flexion showed significant changes in both groups (p < .001). Subscales of the foot and ankle ability questionnaire, significantly changed (p ≤ .05). Pain decreased significantly in the two groups (p < .001 and p = .02). Intermetatarsal angle did not significantly differ between the two groups (p = .86, partial eta effect size = 0.001). But, the hallux valgus angle mean (on MRI) in the Ortho group was less than that of the orthoNMES group (p = .007, partial eta effect size = 0.15). CONCLUSION: Both groups showed nearly identical treatment effects in the primary volume and hallux valgus correction outcome measures. In this study, adding neuromuscular electrical stimulation did not have an additional effect compared to conservative in the treatment of hallux valgus. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: The RCT Code is IRCT20200915048725N1.

The functional capacity and morphological characteristics of the intrinsic foot muscles in subjects with Hallux Valgus deformity: A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: The intrinsic foot muscles are vital for maintaining normal foot function. This study was conducted to systematically review the literature on the functional capacity and morphological characteristics of the intrinsic foot muscles in subjects with Hallux Valgus (HV) deformity. METHODS: A search was carried out in all available electronic databases, including Pub Med, Scopus, Embase and Web of Science, for identifying any relevant studies published from 1990 to October 2018. RESULTS: Three studies had investigated intrinsic foot muscle size using ultrasound imaging; two had reported electromyography parameters and four had measured the muscle force capacity. The results of the present review suggested that the functional capacity and morphological characteristics of intrinsic foot muscles are different in subjects with HV compared to those without this deformity. CONCLUSION: This review found scientific evidence on muscle performance impairment in the abductor hallucis and flexor hallucis brevis in subjects with HV deformity.

A comparison of the hallux valgus angle, range of motion, and patient satisfaction after use of dynamic and static orthoses.

BACKGROUND: Conservative treatment is recommended for mild and moderate hallux valgus. The treatment may include two different types of orthoses: a dynamic orthosis and a static orthosis. The aim of this study was to compare the hallux valgus angle, hallux valgus range of motion, and patient satisfaction after the use of a dynamic and a static orthosis for the treatment of hallux valgus. METHODS: Twenty-four participants contributed to this cross-over study. Participants were randomly allocated to orthotic treatments at the start. The hallux valgus angle and range of motion were measured using a goniometer. Pain, signs and symptoms, function in activities of daily living (ADL), function in sport and recreation, and foot and ankle-related quality of life (QOL) were measured using the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS) questionnaire. The participants then switched to using the other orthosis. A one-way repeated measure ANOVA was conducted to compare the measured variables in subjects at 4 conditions before and after of using each orthosis. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in the hallux valgus angle (p=0.001). The Bonferroni test indicated that both static and dynamic orthoses significantly decrease the angle of hallux valgus, respectively before static, after static (mean difference=-2.67, p=0.001) and before dynamic, after dynamic conditions (mean difference=-2.13, p=0.02). There was also a significant difference in subjects range of motion by using a dynamic orthosis in before dynamic, after dynamic conditions (mean difference=9.77, p=0.01). There was no significant difference in total FAOS score within the conditions (p=0.067). CONCLUSION: The use of both static and dynamic orthoses for 1 month can reduce the hallux valgus angle up to 2-3°. To achieve better results, it is suggested to wear orthoses for longer time. The dynamic orthosis also increases the passive range of motion of the first metatarsophalangeal joint and it seems to be effective during walking.