RESUMO
This article describes the analysis of the frequency, type and risk factors relating to errors in the preparation and administration of medications in patients admitted to a public hospital in Brasilia Federal District, Brazil, which serves a population of approximately 500,000 inhabitants. Patients are commonly affected and harmed by medication errors, almost half of which are preventable. This is a cross-sectional, descriptive and exploratory study conducted in a clinical medicine unit. Direct observations were made by eight nurse technicians. The type of error, the type of drug involved and associated risk factors were analysed. Relationships between the occurrence of errors and risk factors were studied with logistic regression models. Of the 484 observed doses, 69.5% errors occurred during drug administration, 69.6% during the preparation stage, 48.6% were timing errors, 1.7% were dose-related errors and 9.5% were errors of omission. More than one error was detected in 34.5% of occasions. Unlabelled drugs increased the risk of timing errors by a factor of 13.72. Interruptions in preparation increased the risk of errors by a factor of 3.75. Caring for a larger number of patients (8-9) increased the risk of timing errors by a factor of 8.27. The research shows the need to manage the risk of medication errors in their real-life contexts by interposing safety barriers between the hazards and potential errors.
Assuntos
Erros de Medicação/estatística & dados numéricos , Brasil , Estudos Transversais , Hospitais Públicos/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Erros de Medicação/classificação , Erros de Medicação/prevenção & controle , Medição de RiscoRESUMO
In the midst of the pandemic caused by the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), researchers and governmental and non-governmental institutions are mobilizing to implement strategies to face cases of COVID-19. Aim: This study aimed to map the triage strategies for cases of COVID-19, with the purpose of identifying sources in the literature that make it possible to explore the understanding of the strategies in different contexts. A scope review was conducted with searches in the CINAHL Database, PubMed, LILACS and hand-search, considering studies carried out with users of health services and documents published by governmental and non-governmental institutions, between the years 2019 and 2020, resulting in 40 articles for full reading. To explore the key concept, thematic analysis was carried out at two levels: (1) triage strategies, (2) forms and experiences of triage. Five triage strategies were mapped: health services triage; digital triage by remote use of technologies; community triage; home visit triage and airport and port triage. The forms and experiences of mapped triages involved risk classification, diagnosis and definition of conducts or combined. The use of strategies with remote technological resources stands out, as well as the adaptation of existing scales with simple algorithms as a tendency.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Humanos , Pandemias , SARS-CoV-2 , TriagemRESUMO
RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar prescrições eletrônicas e manuais quanto à ocorrência de polifarmácia e tipos potenciais de erros de medicação no contexto da atenção primária. Material e método: Estudo de caráter descritivo, transversal e retrospectivo, baseado na avaliação de prescrições manuais e eletrônicas arquivadas na farmácia da Unidade Básica de Saúde do Distrito Federal de Brasília (DF). Foram incluídas as segundas vias das prescrições para as doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. Resultados: 1500 prescrições foram analisadas. Apontaram a não totalidade dos critérios de avaliação proposto neste estudo, dentre eles: ilegibilidade (35,5%), abreviaturas (97,7%), forma farmacêutica (57,6%), concentração (32,4%). A polifarmácia foi identificada em 46% dos usuários e estava diretamente relacionada à idade do usuário. Conclusão: As prescrições apresentaram incompletude de informações em relação ao que estabelece a legislação, são necessárias estratégias que busquem melhorar a promoção de saúde na atenção básica, como trabalhos de educação permanente e que visem sensibilizar os prescritores e demais atores envolvidos neste processo sobre o ato de prescrever medicamentos.
ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze electronic and manual prescriptions regarding the occurrence of polypharmacy and potential types of medication errors in the context of primary care. Material and method: A descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective study based on the evaluation of prescriptions filed at the pharmacy of a Basic Health Unit of the Federal District of Brazil. Copies of prescriptions for chronic non-communicable diseases were included. Results: 1500 prescriptions were analyzed according to evaluation criteria, such as illegibility (35.5 %), abbreviations (97.7%), dosage form (57.6%), and concentration (32.4%). Polypharmacy was identified in 46% of users and it was directly related to the age of the user. Conclusion: Prescriptions presented incomplete information regarding current legislation. Strategies that seek to improve health promotion in primary care, such as permanent education and more awareness from prescribers and other actors involved in the process of prescribing medications, are required.
RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar prescripciones electrónicas y manuales en cuanto a la ocurrencia de polifarmacia y tipos potenciales de errores de medicación en el contexto de la atención primaria. Material y método: Estudio de carácter descriptivo, transversal y retrospectivo, basado en la evaluación de prescripciones manuales y electrónicas archivadas en la farmacia de la Unidad Básica de Salud (UBS) del Distrito Federal (Brasil). Se incluyeron los duplicados de las prescripciones para las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. Resultados: Se analizaron 1.500 prescripciones considerando la no totalidad de los criterios de evaluación propuestos en este estudio, entre ellos: ilegibilidad (35,5%), abreviaturas (97,7%), forma farmacéutica (57,6%), concentración (32,4%). Se identificó polifarmacia en el 46% de los usuarios y que estaba directamente relacionada a la edad del usuario. Conclusión: Las prescripciones presentaron información incompleta en relación a lo establecido por la legislación. Se requieren estrategias que busquen mejorar la promoción de salud en la atención básica, como educación permanente y sensibilización de los prescriptores y demás actores involucrados en el acto de prescribir medicamentos.