Perfectionism dimensions: A network analysis of their relationships with affect and obsessive-compulsive pathological personality traits.

This study investigated the associations of multidimensional perfectionism with positive affect and negative outcomes (affect and Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder [OCPD] pathological traits) through network analysis. The sample consisted of 604 Brazilian adults aged 18-74 years. The network analysis showed that perfectionistic concerns (PC) is strongly and positively associated with negative outcomes, while perfectionistic strivings (PS) maintain positive associations with positive affect, but not negative affect. Negative affect seems to operate as a bridge between perfectionism and OCPD pathological traits, raising crucial questions about the antecedent and consequential role of affect for understanding perfectionism's development and the traits observed in individuals with OCPD. We discuss the limitations and strengths of the study.

Grazing's frequency and associations with obesity, psychopathology, and loss of control eating in clinical and community contexts: A systematic review.

The term grazing is generally described as the repetitive and nonplanned consumption of small amounts of food, not in response to hunger/satiety sensations. The present study aims to identify and critically review studies examining the frequency of grazing in both clinical and community samples, as well as, to investigate its relationship with eating disorder psychopathology, Loss of Control eating (LOC), psychological impairment, and weight-related variables. This systematic review followed the PRISMA recommendations for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analysis. A total of 138 articles were initially retrieved from the database search. In the end, 18 articles were considered for this systematic review. The results were separated in Grazing and Grazing-like behavior (picking and nibbling). Results of studies of grazing-like behaviors displays that, in these studies, the results are sometimes inconsistent and controversial. On the other hand, studies of Grazing behavior showed more consistent results. These results show that the use of different definitions across the literature makes it difficult to establish comparisons across studies. In this literature review, the studies selected used five different definitions of grazing and five different instruments to assess this eating behavior which reinforces the requirement for standardized definition and evaluation. More, the studies hereby revised suggested that LOC eating was considered in association with grazing, being significantly associated with higher levels of psychopathology and psychological impairment. In accordance, a growing body of research argues that LOC eating was a stronger predictor of eating disorder psychopathology than the amounts of food consumed. Furthermore, the results found by studies show an advance to literature with an accordance about LOC, supported by evidences in studies of this review.

Cultural adaptation and validity evidence of the Student Nurse Stressor-15 (SNS-15) Scale for Brazil.

OBJECTIVES: to carry out the cultural adaptation and evaluation of validity evidence of the Student Nurse Stressor-15 (SNS-15) Scale for use in Brazil. METHODS: psychometric study, conducted from the stages of translation, synthesis, back-translation, review by a committee of seven experts, pre-test and evaluation of measurement properties with 32 and 238 nursing students, respectively. Descriptive statistics, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were performed. The reliability of the instrument was estimated using McDonald's Omega (ω). RESULTS: EFA subsidized the distribution of the fifteen SNS-15 items into four factors. Using AFC, satisfactory fit indices were achieved (Comparative Fit Index = 0.94; Tucker-Lewis Index = 0.93; Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0.06; Standardized Root Mean Square Residual = 0.16) and ω = 0.86. CONCLUSIONS: the Brazilian version of the SNS-15 presents evidence that confirms its validity and reliability.

Eating disorders during lockdown: the transcultural influence on eating and mood disturbances in Ibero-Brazilian population.

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 pandemic has implied exceptional restrictive measures to contain its widespread, with adverse consequences on mental health, especially for those people with a background of mental illness, such as eating disorders (EDs). In this population, the influence of socio-cultural aspects on mental health has been still underexplored. Then, the main aim of this study was to assess changes in eating and general psychopathology in people with EDs during lockdown regarding the ED subtype, age, and provenance, and considering socio-cultural aspects (e.g., socioeconomical factors such as work and financial losses, social support, restrictive measures, or health accessibility, among others). METHODS: The clinical sample was composed of 264 female participants with EDs (74 anorexia nervosa (AN), 44 bulimia nervosa (BN), 81 binge eating disorder (BED), and 65 other specified feeding and eating disorder (OSFED)), with a mean age of 33.49 years old (SD = 12.54), from specialized ED units in Brazil, Portugal, and Spain. The participants were evaluated using the COVID-19 Isolation Eating Scale (CIES). RESULTS: A global impairment in mood symptoms and emotion regulation was reported in all the ED subtypes, groups of age, and countries. Spanish and Portuguese individuals seemed more resilient than Brazilian ones (p < .05), who reported a more adverse socio-cultural context (i.e., physical health, socio-familial, occupational, and economic status) (p < .001). A global trend to eating symptoms worsening during lockdown was observed, regardless of the ED subtype, group of age, and country, but without reaching statistical significance. However, the AN and BED groups described the highest worsening of the eating habits during lockdown. Moreover, individuals with BED significantly increased their weight and body mass index, similarly to BN, and in contrast to the AN and OSFED groups. Finally, we failed to find significant differences between groups of age although the younger group described a significant worsening of the eating symptoms during lockdown. CONCLUSIONS: This study reports a psychopathological impairment in patients with EDs during lockdown, being socio-cultural aspects potential modulatory factors. Individualized approaches to detect special vulnerable groups and long-term follow-ups are still needed.

Memory bias and personality characteristics in college students with social anxiety disorder.

INTRODUCTION: Some individuals are more susceptible to recalling false information about events that never happened in their life. Nevertheless, there are several factors, such as personality characteristics, that appear to be related to memory performance. Social anxiety also provokes memory deficits for events that happen to other people, because these individuals tend to focus on their own inner selves rather than on external signs. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of the personality characteristics of individuals with social anxiety disorder (SAD) on memory performance. METHODS: In this study, 183 university students had their memory tested using a complex emotional story about a mother and her son. Only subjects without clinical symptoms of depression and general anxiety (N = 148; 61 with SAD) were included in the study. Participants were compared for differences in personality characteristics using the Factorial Inventory of Personality and for SAD using the Social Phobia Inventory. RESULTS: The main results showed that memory performance of individuals with low percentile ranks in the personality characteristic dominance, i.e., those with low self-esteem, remembered more true information about the story than those with high scores when they did not have SAD. CONCLUSION: The results are helpful to foster better understanding of the personality characteristics related to SAD, such as low dominance, which implies low self-esteem and difficulties with trust and with imposing themselves on others. The results could help development and improvement of techniques for therapeutic intervention.

Parental training in groups: a brief health promotion program.

OBJECTIVE: To propose a brief parenting program offered in the context of health promotion and evaluate the immediate results relating to use of appropriate parenting practices and quality of parent-child interaction. METHODS: Forty-five parents of school-age children from two non-governmental institutions located in a medium-sized city in the state of Sao Paulo participated in the study. The following assessment tools were used in the pre and post-tests: the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), Quality of Family Interaction Scales (EQIFs), and the Brazilian Economic Classification Criteria (CCEB). Only scores of parents who attended 75% of the program were included in the analysis (25 participants). RESULTS: Most of the participants who completed the program were grouped in socioeconomic levels B and C (72%) and the complaints reported in the pre-test centered on disobedience and stubbornness (29.6%, each). Regarding parents' perceptions of their educational practices and interaction with the children, improvements were detected in several of the aspects measured: affective relationship, involvement, model, communication, rules and monitoring, and children's feelings, besides reduction in use of physical punishment and negative marital atmosphere (p < 0.03). Reductions were detected in aggressive behavior (p = 0.02) and externalizing problems (p = 0.04). CONCLUSION: Despite the small sample and application in a specific community, this quick and affordable intervention seems to have yielded improvements in parent's monitoring and their affective relationships with their children, in addition to reductions in punishments and children's aggressive behavior, contributing to better parent-child interaction in the community.

The Development of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Practice, Research, and Future Directions in Latin America.

Although Latin America countries are similar in many aspects, psychology has evolved in different ways, according to the characteristics related to politics, economics, and culture of each country. This is the context in which CBT has spread through the region since the 1980s. This article aims to offer a brief historical overview of CBT development in Latin America and the challenges of its current practice. The inclusion of CBT in undergraduate and graduate studies of psychology, the therapists training programs, cultural challenges, and the CBT ​​research were discussed in this paper. All things considered, the main challenge of CBT in Latin America is to constantly reaffirm the scientific foundations of the theory and to continue to work in the scientific production of knowledge and its dissemination.

A randomized clinical trial of group and individual Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy approaches for Social Anxiety Disorder.

To compare the effectiveness of two Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) interventions-an individual and a group intervention-in Social Anxiety Disorder therapy. We compared the two treatment groups against a waitlist condition in a randomized clinical trial with 86 young adults. The individual CBT intervention was Trial-Based Cognitive Therapy (TBCT) developed by De-Oliveira, a novel technique in which the therapist engages the patient in a simulated judicial trial with the goal of identifying and changing core dysfunctional beliefs. The group intervention consisted of exposition therapy based on the Hofmann and Otto protocol (Group CBT) to restructure negative and dysfunctional cognitions regarding social situations. Both interventions reduced psychiatric symptoms from pre- to post-test and primary social anxiety and depression symptoms relative to waitlist controls. The interventions were recently introduced in Brazil, and this is the first randomized control trial to compare TBCT and this Group CBT, which were effective in assessing changes in social anxiety symptoms as well as co-occurring psychiatric symptoms.

Comparar la efectividad de dos intervenciones de Terapia Cognitivo-Conductual (TCC)-intervención individual y grupal- en tratamiento del Trastorno de ansiedad social. Comparamos los dos grupos de tratamiento con una condición de lista de espera en un ensayo clínico aleatorizado con 86 adultos jóvenes. La intervención individual de TCC fue la Terapia Cognitiva Basada en Ensayos (TCBE) desarrollada por De-Oliveira, una técnica novedosa en la cual el terapeuta involucra al paciente en un juicio judicial simulado con el objetivo de identificar y cambiar las creencias disfuncionales centrales. La intervención grupal consistió en terapia de exposición basada en el protocolo Hofmann y Otto (TCC grupal) para reestructurar cogniciones negativas y disfuncionales con respecto a situaciones sociales. Ambas intervenciones redujeron los síntomas psiquiátricos antes y después de la prueba y los síntomas de ansiedad y depresión social primarios en relación con los controles de la lista de espera. Las intervenciones se introdujeron recientemente en Brasil, y este es el primer ensayo de control aleatorizado para comparar TCBE y TCC grupal, que fueron efectivos para los cambios en los síntomas de ansiedad social y los síntomas psiquiátricos concurrentes.

Cultural adaptation and validity evidence of the Student Nurse Stressor-15 (SNS-15) Scale for Brazil / Adaptación cultural y evidencia de validez de la Student Nurse Stressor-15 (SNS-15) Scale para Brasil / Adaptação cultural e evidências de validade da Student Nurse Stressor-15 (SNS-15) Scale para o Brasil

ABSTRACT Objectives: to carry out the cultural adaptation and evaluation of validity evidence of the Student Nurse Stressor-15 (SNS-15) Scale for use in Brazil. Methods: psychometric study, conducted from the stages of translation, synthesis, back-translation, review by a committee of seven experts, pre-test and evaluation of measurement properties with 32 and 238 nursing students, respectively. Descriptive statistics, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were performed. The reliability of the instrument was estimated using McDonald's Omega (ω). Results: EFA subsidized the distribution of the fifteen SNS-15 items into four factors. Using AFC, satisfactory fit indices were achieved (Comparative Fit Index = 0.94; Tucker-Lewis Index = 0.93; Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0.06; Standardized Root Mean Square Residual = 0.16) and ω = 0.86. Conclusions: the Brazilian version of the SNS-15 presents evidence that confirms its validity and reliability.

RESUMEN Objetivos: realizar adaptación cultural y evaluación de evidencia de validez de la Student Nurse Stressor-15 (SNS-15) Scale para su uso en Brasil. Métodos: estudio psicométrico, realizado desde las etapas de traducción, síntesis, retrotraducción, revisión por un comité de siete expertos, pretest y evaluación de propiedades de medición con 32 y 238 estudiantes de enfermería, respectivamente. Se realizó estadística descriptiva, Análisis Factorial Exploratorio (AFE), Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio (AFC). La confiabilidad del instrumento se estimó mediante el Omega de McDonald (ω). Resultados: AFE subvencionó la distribución de los quince ítems del SNS-15 en cuatro factores. A través de la AFC se lograron índices de ajuste satisfactorios (Comparative Fit Index = 0,94; Tucker-Lewis Index = 0,93; Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0,06; Standardized Root Mean Square Residual = 0,16) y ω = 0,86. Conclusiones: la versión brasileña del SNS-15 presenta evidencias que confirman su validez y confiabilidad.

RESUMO Objetivos: realizar a adaptação cultural e a avaliação das evidências de validade da Student Nurse Stressor-15 (SNS-15) Scale para uso no Brasil. Métodos: estudo psicométrico, conduzido a partir das etapas de tradução, síntese, retrotradução, revisão por um comitê de sete especialistas, pré-teste e avaliação das propriedades de medida com 32 e 238 estudantes de enfermagem, respectivamente. Realizou-se estatística descritiva, Análise Fatorial Exploratória (AFE), Análise Fatorial Confirmatória (AFC). Estimou-se a confiabilidade do instrumento através do Ômega de McDonald's (ω). Resultados: a AFE subsidiou a distribuição dos quinze itens da SNS-15 em quatro fatores. Mediante AFC, alcançou-se índices satisfatórios de ajuste (Comparative Fit Index = 0,94; Tucker-Lewis Index = 0,93; Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0,06; Standardized Root Mean Square Residual = 0,16) e ω = 0,86. Conclusões: a versão brasileira da SNS-15 apresenta evidências que confirmam sua validade e confiabilidade.

Brazilian Version of the Body Appreciation Scale (BAS) for Young Adolescents.

The present study developed a Brazilian adaptation of the BAS for young adolescents, testing its factor structure by the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), concurrent and criterion validity, and its internal consistency. Participants were 347 adolescents (171 male and 176 female, aged between 10 and 13 years old). Three psychologists experts in psychological evaluation and three teachers of Portuguese of elementary school also participated for the adaptation stage of the items in order to be properly understood by the sample age group. There were few changes from the version culturally adapted for the Brazilian adult population. Cronbach's alpha coefficients were satisfactory for the general population and both sexes (.804; female =.851; male =.752). The one-factor model of the BAS was confirmed by the confirmatory factor analysis with good indicators for the measurements of adjustment to the model, χ2 = 77.9; GFI = 0.967; NFI = 0.940, CFI = 0.979; TLI = 0.968; RMSEA;.038). The convergent validity analyzes revealed significant correlations between BAS scores and BMI (r = -.230; p < .001) and between the first and body image satisfaction (r = .309; p < .001). The BAS version for Brazilian young adolescents had adequate levels of validity and reliability, keeping the one-dimensional structure which indicates its use in Brazilian adolescent's samples.

Depressive symptoms and alcohol and marijuana use among adolescents / Sintomas depressivos e uso de álcool e maconha em adolescentes / Síntomas depresivos y uso de alcohol y marihuana en adolescentes

Risk behaviors are common in adolescence and demonstrates an association with depressive symptoms. Considering the psychological health implications of this phase in adult life, the aim of this study was to verify associations between depressive symptoms and consumption of alcohol and marijuana, self-injurious behavior, health self-perception, life satisfaction, anxiety symptoms and suicidal ideation in adolescents. A total of 298 adolescents, aged 12 to 14 years (61.1% girls), participated in the study. The measures were the translated Health Behavior in School-aged Children questionnaire (HBSC - BR) and the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI). The chi-square test, student's t test and binomial logistic regression (p<0.05) were used. Depressive symptoms were associated with anxiety symptoms and self-injury. Higher risk for alcohol use and consumption, self-injury, negative health self-perception, anxiety and depression related to females. The findings of this population suggest worrying health outcomes, especially for girl. (AU)

Comportamentos de risco são comuns na adolescência e demonstram associação com sintomas depressivos. Considerando as implicações da saúde psicológica dessa fase na vida adulta, o objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar associações entre sintomas depressivos e consumo de álcool e maconha, comportamento autolesivo, autopercepção de saúde, satisfação com a vida, sintomas ansiosos e ideação suicida em adolescentes. Participaram 298 adolescentes, de 12 a 14 anos (61,1% meninas). Os instrumentos utilizados foram o questionário traduzido Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC - BR) e o Inventário de Depressão Infantil (CDI). Utilizou-se os teste Qui-Quadrado, t de student e regressão logística binomial (p<0,05). Sintomas depressivos associaram-se com sintomas ansiosos e autolesão. Maior risco para uso e consumo de álcool, autolesão, autopercepção de saúde negativa, ansiedade e depressão em relação ao sexo feminino. Os achados desta população sugerem resultados preocupantes de saúde, sobretudo para o sexo feminino. (AU)

Las conductas de riesgo son comunes en la adolescencia y demuestran una asociación con síntomas depresivos. Considerando las implicaciones psicológicas para la salud de esta fase en la vida adulta, el objetivo de este estudio fue verificar asociaciones entre síntomas depresivos y consumo de alcohol y marihuana, autolesión, autopercepción de salud, satisfacción con la vida, ansiedad e ideación suicida en adolescentes. Participaron 298 adolescentes de 12 a 14 años (61,1% niñas). Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el cuestionario traducido Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC - BR) y el Inventario de Depresión Infantil (CDI). Se utilizaron las pruebas de chi-cuadrado, t de Student y regresión logística binomial (p<0,05). Los síntomas depresivos se asociaron con síntomas de ansiedad y autolesiones. Mayor riesgo de uso y consumo de alcohol, autolesiones, autopercepción negativa de la salud, ansiedad y depresión en relación con el sexo femenino. Los hallazgos de esta población sugieren resultados de salud preocupantes, especialmente para las mujeres. (AU)

Survey of cognitive behavioral therapy clinical supervisors profile in Brazil / Levantamento do perfil de supervisores clínicos de terapia cognitivo-comportamental no Brasil

Objective: This research aimed to identify the profile of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy supervisors in this country and to know their training to exercise this professional activity. Method: A nationwide online survey was conducted with 180 Cognitive Behavioral Therapy supervisors, 73.8% of whom were female, with a mean age of 40.3 years (SD = 10.03). Results: Among the main results, the intense academic training, training for psychotherapeutic practice and time of clinical experience (12.6 years, SD = 7.64) and supervised experience (7.4 years, SD = 7.26) stand out. Only 27.8% of the participants indicated having received specific training for supervisors and there was a lack of indications of training resources for remote supervision. Conclusion: This is considered the first research to outline the profile of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy supervisors in Brazil, expanding the vision on this professional activity.

Objetivo: Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo identificar o perfil de supervisores de Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental no país e conhecer sua formação para exercer essa atividade profissional. Método: Foi realizado um survey online em âmbito nacional com 180 supervisores de Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental, sendo 73,8% do sexo feminino, com a média de idade de 40,3 anos (DP = 10,03). Resultados: Entre os principais resultados, ressalta-se a intensa formação acadêmica, treinamento para prática psicoterápica e tempo de experiência clínica (12,6 anos, DP = 7,64) e supervisionada (7,4 anos, DP = 7,26). Apenas 27,8% dos participantes indicaram treinamento específico para supervisor e houve uma lacuna de indicativos de treinamentos de recursos para supervisões remotas. Conclusão: Considera-se essa a primeira pesquisa a traçar o perfil de supervisores de Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental no Brasil, ampliando o olhar para esta atividade profissional.

Comportamentos Autolesivos, Percepção de Suporte Familiar e Sintomas Ansiosos e Depressivos em Adolescentes Pernambucanos / Self-Injurious Behaviors, Family Support Perception and Anxious and Depressive Symptoms in Adolescents from Pernambuco / Comportamientos Autolesivos, Percepción de Apoyo Familiar y Síntomas Ansiosos y Depresivos en Adolescentes de Pernambuco

Comportamentos autolesivos na adolescência se tornaram um problema de saúde pública mundial. Frequentemente, esses comportamentos compõem o quadro sintomático de doenças psiquiátricas, sendo conceitualizados como estratégias disfuncionais de regulação emocional. Diante disso, este estudo investiga a relação entre comportamentos autolesivos, percepção de suporte familiar e sintomas ansiosos e depressivos em adolescentes da rede estadual de ensino do Recife, assim como estima a prevalência do fenômeno (n=501). Também buscou-se estimar a prevalência do fenômeno e sua relação com variáveis sociodemográficas. Os instrumentos utilizados foram o Protocolo Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children, a Spence Children's Anxiety Scale e o Inventário de Depressão Infantil, todos adaptados ao português brasileiro. Foram realizadas análises da consistência interna, qui quadrado, teste t, correlação e descritivas. Os resultados apontaram prevalência de 31,3% para comportamentos autolesivos. Adolescentes do sexo feminino apresentaram 2,26 vezes mais chance de engajar na prática de comportamentos autolesivos. Verificou-se diferenças significativas entre participantes que se autolesionavam e aqueles que não se autolesionavam no tangente à percepção de sintomas depressivos, sintomas ansiosos e suporte familiar. Nossos achados enfatizam a importância dos vínculos familiares no combate aos comportamentos autolesivos. Assim, esperamos contribuir para a construção de estratégias preventivas contra comportamentos de risco, ansiedade e depressão.

Self-injurious behaviors in adolescence have become a public health problem worldwide. Often these behaviors are symptoms of psychiatric diseases, conceptualized as dysfunctional strategies of emotional regulation. Therefore, this study investigates the relation between self-injurious behaviors, family support perception and anxiety and depressive symptoms within adolescents from the state education network in Recife. It also estimates the prevalence of the phenomenon (n=501). Another goal was to estimate the prevalence of the phenomenon and its relation with sociodemographic variables. The instruments used were the Health Behavior in School-Aged Children Protocol, the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale and the Children's Depression Inventory, all adapted to Brazilian Portuguese. Internal consistency, chi-square, t-test, correlation and descriptive analyzes were performed. The results showed a prevalence of 31.3% for self-injurious behaviors, with female adolescents being 2.26 times more likely to engage in self-injurious behaviors. There were significant differences between participants who engaged in self-injurious behaviors and those who did not due to their perceptions of depressive symptoms, anxious symptoms and family support. Our findings emphasize the importance of family bonds in combating self-injurious behaviors. Thus, we hope to contribute to the creation of preventive strategies against risk behaviors, anxiety and depression.

Los comportamientos autolesivos en la adolescencia se han convertido en un problema de salud pública mundial. Estos comportamientos componen el cuadro sintomático de enfermedades psiquiátricas, siendo conceptualizados como estrategias disfuncionales de regulación emocional. Este estudio investiga la relación entre las conductas autolesivas, la percepción del apoyo familiar y los síntomas de ansiedad y depresión entre adolescentes de la red estatal de educación en Recife, además de estimar la prevalencia del fenómeno (n=501). También se buscó estimar la prevalencia del fenómeno y su relación con variables sociodemográficas. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el protocolo Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children, la Spence Children's Anxiety Scale y el Invetario de Depresión Infantil, todos adaptados al portugués brasileño. Se realizaron análisis de consistencia interna, chi cuadrado, prueba t, correlación y descriptivos. Los resultados apuntaron para la prevalencia de 31,3% para comportamientos autolesivos. Adolescentes del sexo femenino presentaron 2,26 veces más chances de involucrarse en la práctica de comportamientos autolesivos. Se verificaron diferencias significativas entre participantes que se autolesionaban y aquellos que no se autolesionaban frente a la percepción de síntomas depresivos, síntomas ansiosos y apoyo familiar. Esperamos contribuir con la construcción de estrategias preventivas contra conductas de riesgo, ansiedad y depresión.

Terapia Focada na Compaixão para pessoas com obesidade: um estudo de viabilidade / Compassion Focused Therapy for people with obesity: a feasibility study

A epidemia mundial de obesidade nas últimas décadas, as previsões pessimistas dessa tendência e o insucesso dos programas de emagrecimento tornam necessárias pesquisas de intervenções que possam reverter esse quadro. Nesse contexto surge a Terapia Focada na Compaixão (TFC) como uma proposta integradora que, no caso da obsidade, visa melhorar a relação com o corpo e com a alimentação, além de outros benefícios. Ela é uma abordagem de tratamento transdiagnóstico que visa consolidar a autocompaixão e reduzir o sentimento de vergonha. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a viabilidade do programa de TFC para pessoas com obesidade com a intenção de planejar um futuro ensaio clínico randomizado. O programa foi realizado com 12 participantes oriundos de uma lista de um programa de emagrecimento. A análise de viabilidade consistiu na criação e verificação de 10 categorias, por exemplo, recrutamento, adesão, assimilação de conteúdos e prática, entre outros. Após a intervenção, verificou-se a necessidade de modificação e adequação de uma categoria. Além de benefícios em relação à saúde mental e alguma perda de peso, a intervenção apresentou ampla aceitação por parte dos participantes, terapeuta e supervisora, demonstrando sua viabilidade para posterior condução do ensaio clínico randomizado que visa avaliar a eficácia da intervenção.(AU)

The global obesity epidemic in recent decades, the pessimistic forecasts of this trend and the failure of weight loss programs make it necessary researches of interventions that can reverse this picture. In this context, Compassion Focused Therapy (CFT) emerges as an integrative proposal that, in the caso obesity, aims improve the relationship with the body and with food. It is a transdiagnostic treatment approach that aims to consolidate self-compassion and reduce the feeling of shame. The aim of this study was to analyze the feasibility of the CFT program for people with obesity with the intention of planning a future randomized clinical trial. The program was carried out with 12 participants from a list of a weight loss program. The feasibility analysis consisted of creating and verifying 10 categories, for example, recruitment, adherence, assimilation of content and practice, among others. After the intervention, the need for modification and adequacy of a category was verified. In addition to benefits in relation to mental health and some weight loss, the intervention was widely accepted by the participants, therapist and supervisor, demonstrating its feasibility for further conducting the randomized clinical trial that aims to assess the effectiveness of the intervention.(AU)

La epidemia mundial de obesidad en las últimas décadas, las predicciones pesimistas de esa tendencia y el fracaso de los programas de adelgazamiento hacen necesarias investigaciones de intervenciones que puedan revertir este cuadro. En este contexto, la Terapia Centrada en la Compassion (TCC) surge como una propuesta integradora que, em el caso de la obesidade, tiene como objetivo mejorar la relación con el cuerpo y con la comida, entre otros beneficios. Es un enfoque de tratamiento transdiagnóstico que tiene como objetivo consolidar la autocompasión y reducir el sentimiento de vergüenza. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la viabilidad del programa TCC para personas con obesidad con la intención de planificar un futuro ensayo clínico aleatorizado. El programa se llevó a cabo con 12 participantes de una lista de un programa de adelgazamiento. El análisis de factibilidad consistió en crear y verificar 10 categorías, por ejemplo, reclutamiento, adherencia, asimilación de contenido y práctica, entre otras. Después de la intervención, se verificó la necesidad de modificación y adecuación de una categoría. Además de los beneficios en relación con la salud mental y cierta pérdida de peso, la intervención fue ampliamente aceptada por los participantes, el terapeuta y el supervisor, lo que demostró su viabilidad para seguir llevando a cabo el ensayo clínico aleatorizado que tiene como objetivo evaluar la efectividad de la intervención.(AU)

Promoção de saúde para adolescentes: características específicas de programas em grupo / Promoción de la salud para adolescentes: características específicas de los programas grupales / Health promotion for adolescents: specific characteristics of group programs

Adolescence is a period of transition, marked by physical, cognitive, and psychosocial transformations, therefore, the development of health-promoting elements for these individuals is important. The objective of this paper is to carry out an integrative review based on the guiding question: "what characteristics of group health promotion programs are aimed at adolescents?", between 2008 and 2018. Searches were carried out in the SciELO, LILACS, PubMed, and PsycInfo databases, in the month of July 2018, using the keywords "teenager", "mental health", "health promotion", "group", and "program". As a result, 17 articles were included, presenting interventions based on different specific theoretical approaches and themes, with a predominance of social and life skills. Weekly meetings and programs lasting at least seven sessions in a school environment and without the participation of parents or guardians predominated

A adolescência é um período de transição marcado por transformações físicas, cognitivas e psicossociais, sendo importante o investimento em elementos de promoção de saúde para esses indivíduos. O objetivo deste trabalho consiste em uma revisão integrativa de literatura pautada na questão norteadora "Quais são as características dos programas de promoção de saúde em grupo voltados para adolescentes?", abrangendo o período de 2008 a 2018. Foram realizadas buscas nas bases de dados SciELO, LILACS, PubMed e PsycInfo, durante o mês de julho de 2018, utilizando as palavras "adolescente", "saúde mental", "promoção de saúde", "grupo" e "programa". Como resultados, incluíram-se 17 artigos que apresentavam intervenções pautadas em diferentes abordagens teóricas e temáticas específicas, predominando a presença de habilidades sociais e para a vida. Ainda, evidenciou-se uma maioria de encontros semanais e programas de duração de pelo menos sete sessões, em ambiente escolar, sem a participação dos pais ou responsáveis.

La adolescencia es un período marcado por transformaciones físicas, cognitivas y psicosociales, y la inversión en elementos de promoción de la salud es importante. Este trabajo consiste en una revisión integral de la literatura basada en la pregunta guía "¿Cuáles son las características de los programas de promoción de la salud en grupo para adolescentes?", que abarca el período comprendido entre 2008 y 2018. Se realizaron búsquedas en las bases de datos SciELO, LILACS, PubMed y PsycInfo, durante el mes de julio de 2018, utilizando las palabras "adolescente", "salud mental", "promoción de la salud", "grupo" y "programa". Como resultado, se incluyeron 17 artículos que presentan intervenciones basadas en diferentes enfoques teóricos y temáticos específicos, con predominio de las habilidades sociales y de la vida. Aún así, hubo un predominio de reuniones semanales y programas que duraron al menos siete sesiones, en un entorno escolar, sin la participación de los padres o tutores.

Preliminary results of a Cognitive-Behavioral Life Skills Program for Adolescents / Resultados preliminares do Programa Cognitivo-Comportamental de Habilidades para Vida em Adolescentes / Resultados preliminares de Programa Cognitivo-Conductual de Habilidades para la Vida en Adolescentes

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the Life Skills Promotion Program in Adolescents (PRHAVIDA-Adolescents) on the development of a repertoire of life skills based on the cognitive-behavioral approach. A study was carried out with 78 adolescents (M = 12.47 years; SD = 0.69) to compare the results of the Social Skills Inventory for Adolescents (IHSA-Del-Prette) before and after the intervention. Differences were found between pre- and post-test considering the frequency of emission of skills for girls in the subscales self-control, assertiveness, affective approach, and social development; boys showed differences in the subscales empathy, self-control, assertiveness, affective approach, and social development. Thus, it is considered that PRHAVIDA-Adolescents is an effective program that has demonstrated that it is capable of developing several relevant skills for both sexes at a satisfactory level. Its contents proved to be comprehensive, consisting of a viable alternative for health promotion for adolescents within the cognitive-behavioral approach. (AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi a avaliação do efeito do Programa de Promoção de Habilidades para a Vida em Adolescentes (PRHAVIDA-Adolescentes) no desenvolvimento de um repertório de habilidades para a vida com base na abordagem cognitivo-comportamental. Foi realizado um estudo com 78 adolescentes (M = 12,47 anos; DP = 0,69) para comparar resultados do Inventário de Habilidades Sociais para Adolescentes (IHSA-Del-Prette) antes e depois da intervenção. Foram encontradas diferenças entre pré e pós-teste considerando a frequência de emissão das habilidades para meninas nas subescalas autocontrole, assertividade, abordagem afetiva e desenvolvimento social; já os meninos apresentaram diferença nas subescalas empatia, autocontrole, assertividade, abordagem afetiva e desenvolvimento social. Dessa forma, considera-se que o PRHAVIDA-Adolescentes é um programa efetivo que demonstrou ser capaz de desenvolver diversas habilidades relevantes para ambos os sexos em nível satisfatório. Seus conteúdos se mostraram abrangentes, consistindo em alternativa viável para a promoção de saúde para adolescentes dentro da abordagem cognitivo-comportamental. (AU)

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto del Programa de Promoción de Habilidades para la Vida en Adolescentes (PRHAVIDA-Adolescentes) en el desarrollo de un repertorio de habilidades para la vida basado en el enfoque cognitivo-conductual. Se realizó un estudio con 78 adolescentes (M = 12,47 años; DS = 0,69) para comparar los resultados del Inventario de Habilidades Sociales para Adolescentes (IHSA-Del-Prette) antes y después de la intervención. Se encontraron diferencias entre el pre y postest considerando la frecuencia de emisión de habilidades para las niñas en las subescalas de autocontrol, asertividad, afectividad y desarrollo social; los niños, por su parte, mostraron diferencias en las subescalas de empatía, autocontrol, asertividad, afectividad y desarrollo social. Así, se considera que PRHAVIDA-Adolescentes es un programa efectivo que ha demostrado que es capaz de desarrollar varias habilidades relevantes para ambos sexos a un nivel satisfactorio. Su contenido resultó ser integral, constituyendo una alternativa viable para la promoción de la salud de los adolescentes dentro del enfoque cognitivo-conductual. (AU)

A contratransferência no processo supervisionado em Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental / The countertransference in Cognitivebehavioral Therapy supervised process

A contratransferência, mesmo que seja considerada fundamental, é pouco discutida na Terapia Cognitivo- Comportamental (TCC) e, com menor ênfase ainda, na supervisão clínica. Este texto tem por objetivo fomentar a reflexão sobre a contratransferência em supervisão na TCC e a importância de seu manejo pelo supervisor. Para tanto, duas vinhetas de situações hipotéticas de supervisão são apresentadas, sendo uma em grupo e outra individual, a fim de ressaltar como possíveis reações esquemáticas do supervisor frente ao terapeuta e/ou à situação supervisionada, se não observadas, podem impactar nos propósitos primordiais formativos, normativos e restauradores da supervisão. Como consequência, é possível que supervisões venham a se tornar danosas ou prejudiciais. Considera-se a importância do treinamento de supervisor com intuito de aumentar o manejo contratransferencial, incluindo o uso de estratégias da própria TCC, para identificação e reestruturação de pensamentos distorcidos, regulação emocional e aumento de estratégias salutares no processo de ensino e aprendizagem clínica.(AU)

Countertransference, although considered fundamental, is little discussed in Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and, with even less emphasis, in clinical supervision. This text aims to encourage reflection on countertransference in supervision in TCC and the importance of its management by the supervisor. To this end, two vignettes of hypothetical supervision situations are presented, one in a group and the other individually, to highlight how possible schematic reactions of the supervisor towards the therapist and/or the supervised situation, if not observed, can impact the primary formative, normative and restorative purposes of supervision. As a result, it is possible that supervision will become adverse or harmful. It is considered the importance of supervisor training to increase countertransference management, including the use of CBT strategies to identify and restructure distorted thoughts, emotional regulation and increase healthy strategies in clinical teaching and learning process.(AU)

La contratransferencia, aunque se considera fundamental, es poco discutida en la Terapia Cognitivo-Conductual (TCC) y, con aún menos énfasis, en la supervisión clínica. Este texto tiene como objetivo fomentar la reflexión sobre la contratransferencia en la supervisión en TCC y la importancia de su gestión por parte del supervisor. Con este fin, se presentan dos viñetas de situaciones hipotéticas de supervisión, una en grupo y otra individualmente, con el fin de resaltar cómo las posibles reacciones esquemáticas del supervisor hacia el terapeuta y / o la situación supervisada, si no se observan, pueden impactar los propósitos formativos, normativos y restaurativos primarios de la supervisión. Como resultado, es posible que la supervisión se vuelva prejudicial. Se considera la importancia de la capacitación de supervisores para incrementar el manejo de la contratransferencia, incluyendo el uso de estrategias de TCC para identificar y reestructurar pensamientos distorsionados, regulación emocional e incrementar estrategias saludables en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje clínico.(AU)

Relações entre crenças e reações maternas às emoções negativas dos filhos / RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN MATERNAL BELIEFS AND REACTIONS TO CHILDREN'S NEGATIVE EMOTIONS / RELACIONES ENTRE CREENCIAS Y REACCIONES MATERNAS A EMOCIONES NEGATIVAS DE NIÑOS

This study investigated relationships between maternal beliefs and responses to children's negative emo-tions. Thirty-three mothers with children aged between 6 and 7 years completed the Parents' Beliefs about Children's Emotions Questionnaire and the Coping with Children's Negative Emotions Scale. The analyses revealed that beliefs in the cost of positivity concerning the potential harm of positive emotions explained 18% of the variance in non-supportive reactions to children's expressions of negative emotions. Beliefs in the value of anger, regarding the recognition of its importance, explained 9% of the variance in supportive reactions to children's emotional expressions. Maternal cognitions regarding the value of pos-itive and negative emotions help explain the mothers' behaviors toward children's emotional expressions. Therefore, encouraging parents to understand the role of emotions in child development is essential to promote effective parenting practices.

Este estudo investigou relações entre crenças e reações maternas às emoções negativas dos filhos. Trinta e três mães com crianças entre 6 e 7 anos de idade preencheram o Questionário de Crenças Parentais sobre as Emoções das Crianças e a Escala de Reações Parentais às Emoções Negativas dos Filhos. As análises mostraram que as crenças no custo da positividade, referentes ao potencial prejuízo que emoções positivas podem causar, explicaram 18% da variância nas reações não apoiadoras da expressão de emoções negati-vas dos filhos. As crenças no valor da raiva, relacionadas ao reconhecimento da importância dessa emoção, explicaram 9% da variância nas reações que apoiam a manifestação emocional infantil. As cognições maternas acerca do valor de emoções positivas e negativas ajudam a explicar o comportamento materno diante da expressão emocional dos filhos. Incentivar nos pais a compreensão das funções das emoções no desenvolvimento infantil é crucial para promover práticas parentais eficazes.

Este estudio investigó las relaciones entre creencias y reacciones maternas a las emociones negativas de los niños. Treinta y tres madres con hijos de 6-7 años respondieron el Cuestionario de Creencias sobre las Emociones de los Niños y la Escala de Reacciones Parentales a las Emociones Negativas de los Hijos. Los análisis mostraron que las creencias sobre el costo de la positividad, que se refieren al daño potencial que pueden causar las emociones positivas, explicaron el 18% de la varianza en las reacciones que no apoyan la expresión de emociones negativas de los niños. Las creencias sobre el valor de la ira, relacionadas al reconocimiento de la importancia de esta emoción, explicaron el 9% de la varianza en las reacciones que apoyan la expresión emocional de los niños. Las cogniciones maternas sobre el valor de las emociones positivas y negativas ayudan a explicar la conducta de las madres hacia la expresión emocional de los ni-ños. Estimular los padres a comprender el papel de las emociones en el desarrollo infantil es fundamental para promover prácticas parentales eficaces.

Adaptação cultural e características psicométricas da Weight Bias Internalization Scale (Wbis) / Adaptación cultural de la Weight Bias Internalization Scale (Wbis) / Cultural adaptation and psychometric characteristics of the Weight Bias Internalization Scale (Wbis)

Este estudo teve como objetivos realizar a adaptação cultural e apresentar evidências iniciais sobre as características psicométricas da Weight Bias Internalization Scale (WBIS) para o contexto brasileiro, por meio de três etapas: tradução, validação semântica e pré-teste. Como resultados, a síntese das traduções, realizada por dois tradutores independentes, foi considerada insatisfatória, sendo necessária a obtenção de uma nova versão consensual com um comitê de especialistas. Esta última foi retrotraduzida e utilizada na validação semântica com 18 pessoas, confirmando a compreensão adequada dos itens após alteração em dois deles. No pré-teste, com 54 pessoas, o alfa de Cronbach foi considerado adequado (0,833), sendo observados efeitos floor e ceiling em nove e quatro itens, respectivamente. O coeficiente de correlação de Pearson mostrou a presença de correlações fortes e moderadas. A mensuração do estigma internalizado do peso representa uma importante ferramenta para subsidiar estratégias terapêuticas mais eficazes, com vistas ao cuidado integral e humanizado.

This study aimed to carry out the cultural adaptation and present initial evidence about the psychometric characteristics of the Weight Bias Internalization Scale in the Brazilian context, through three steps: translation, semantic validation, and pretest. The results indicated that the synthesis of the translations, performed by two independent translators, was considered unsatisfactory and it was necessary to obtain a new consensus version with an Expert Committee. This last one was back-translated and used in semantic validation with 18 people, confirming the proper understanding of the items after alterations in two of them. In the pretest, with 54 people, Cronbach's alpha was considered adequate (0.833), with floor and ceiling effects observed in nine and four items, respectively. Pearson's correlation coefficient showed the presence of strong and moderate correlations. The measurement of weight bias internalization represents an important tool to support more effective therapeutic strategies with a view to comprehensive and humanized care

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo realizar la adaptación cultural y presentar evidencia inicial sobre las características psicométricas de la Escala de Interiorización de Prejuicios sobre Obesidad (Weight Bias Internalization Scale ­ WBIS) para el contexto brasileño, a través de tres etapas: traducción, validación semántica y pretest. La síntesis de las traducciones se consideró insatisfactoria y se obtuvo una nueva versión consensuada con un Comité de Expertos. Esta versión fue retrotraducida y utilizada en la validación semántica con 18 personas, lo que confirma la comprensión adecuada después de modificaciones en dos ítems. En el pretest, con 54 personas, el alfa de Cronbach se consideró adecuado (0,833), con efectos de floor y ceiling observados en nueve y cuatro ítems, respectivamente. El coeficiente de correlación de Pearson mostró la presencia de correlaciones fuertes y moderadas. La medición de la interiorización de los prejuicios sobre la obesidad representa una herramienta importante para apoyar estrategias terapéuticas más efectivas, con atención integral y humanizada.

Uma intervenção cognitivo-comportamental em grupo com indivíduos com obesidade: resultados preliminares / A cognitive behavioral group intervention with obese patients: preliminary results / Uma intervenciión cognitiva conductual em grupo com individuos obesos: resultados preliminares

A obesidade tem causas multifatoriais e a Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental apresenta resultados positivos sobre os aspetos cognitivos, emocionais e comportamentais relativos à perda de peso. Este estudo apresenta uma avaliação preliminar do Programa Cognitivo Comportamental de Educação Alimentar em Grupo (PROMETA). Foi realizado um estudo quantitativo, pré-experimental com avaliação pré e pós-teste. Sessenta e sete participantes adultos com sobrepeso ou obesidade realizaram as 12 sessões da intervenção em grupos. Foram utilizados os inventários Beck de depressão, de ansiedade, e de desesperança, a escala de compulsão alimentar periódica, e a escala de figuras de silhuetas. Os resultados indicaram que o PROMETA contribuiu para redução de sintomas de depressão, ansiedade, desesperança, e compulsão alimentar. Portanto, o programa apresenta resultados satisfatórios para esta amostra.

Obesity has multifactorial causes and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy has positive results on cognitive, emotional, and behavioral aspects related to weight loss. This study presents a preliminary assessment of the Cognitive Behavioral Program for Group Food Education (PROMETA). A quantitative, pre-experimental study was carried out with pre- and post-test evaluation. Sixty-seven adults who were overweight or obese participated of 12 intervention sessions in groups. Instruments included the Beck inventories of depression, anxiety, and hopelessness, a periodic binge eating scale, and a body satisfaction scale. Results indicated that PROMETA contributed to the reduction of symptoms of depression, anxiety, hopelessness, and binge eating. Therefore, the program shows satisfactory results for this sample.

La obesidad tiene causas multifactoriales y la terapia cognitivo-conductual tiene resultados positivos en los aspectos cognitivos, emocionales y conductuales relacionados con la pérdida de peso. Este estudio demuestra una evaluación preliminar del Programa de comportamiento cognitivo para la educación alimentaria grupal - PROMETA. Se llevó a cabo un estudio cuantitativo pre-experimental con evaluación previa y posterior a la prueba. Se realizaron 67 participantes adultos con sobrepeso u obesidad como 12 intervenciones de intervención en grupos. Se utilizó el inventivo Beck de depresión, ansiedad y desesperanza, una escala periódica de atracones y una escala de figuras de personajes. Los resultados indicaron que PROMETA contribuyó a la reducción de los síntomas de depresión, ansiedad, desesperanza y atracones. Por tanto, el programa muestra resultados satisfactorios para esta muestra.