Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 20 de 34
Filtrar
Mais filtros

Base de dados
País/Região como assunto
Tipo de documento
Intervalo de ano de publicação
1.
Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse ; : 1-9, 2024 Jul 23.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39042877

RESUMO

Background: Despite an increase in the varieties of cannabis products available for consumption, limited evidence is available about the patterns of cannabis consumption methods before and after legalization.Objectives: To examine the changes in modes of cannabis use and their correlates among adults in Ontario, Canada both prior to and following cannabis legalization in 2018.Methods: Data were utilized from the 2017 to 2022 Centre for Addiction and Mental Health's (CAMH) Monitor study, a repeated cross-sectional survey of adults 18 years of age and older (n = 2,665; 56% male). The surveys employed a regionally stratified sampling design using computer-assisted telephone interviews and web surveys. Multinomial regression was performed to examine different modes of cannabis use.Results: The exclusive use of cannabis through ingestion methods increased from 4.0% in 2017 to 16.6% in 2022 (p < .001). However, the exclusive use of inhalation-based cannabis decreased from 49.4% in 2017 to 25.5% in 2022 (p < .001). Relative to inhalation-based modes, adults were about five times more likely to use ingestion-based modes in 2020 [RRR = 4.65 (2.94-7.35)] and 2022 [RRR = 4.75 (2.99-7.55)] than in 2019, after accounting for sociodemographic factors.Conclusions: Ingestion-based cannabis use among adults increased fourfold between 2017 and 2022, a period during which recreational cannabis use was legalized in Canada. The increase was especially evident after the legalization of cannabis edibles.

2.
Subst Use Misuse ; 59(8): 1190-1199, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38514251

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Financial debt and associated stress might increase the risk of substance use problems or exacerbate existing ones. Little evidence is available about the degree of debt stress and its association with substance use. The objective of this study was to examine the associations of the frequency of worry about debt with heavy episodic drinking (HED), daily smoking, e-cigarette use, and cannabis use in the past 30 days. METHODS: Data were utilized from the 2020/2022 Monitor study, a repeated cross-sectional survey of adults 18 years and older in Ontario, Canada. The surveys employed a web-based panel survey of 6038 adults and collected data on debt-related stress, HED, tobacco smoking, e-cigarettes, and cannabis use in the past 30 days. Odds ratios (OR) were estimated from logistic regression models accounting for sociodemographic factors. RESULTS: Overall, 18.4% of respondents reported that they were worried about their debt most or all of the time. Accounting for household income, educational status, employment status, and other factors, the results revealed that there was a dose-response relationship between the frequency of worry about debt and substance use including daily smoking, e-cigarette use, and cannabis use in the past 30 days compared to those who were not worried at all about their debt. Sex differences were also found in the association between worry about debt and e-cigarette use. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of worry about debt might have an important role in substance use, which suggests that financial well-being is vital in substance use prevention and harm reduction.


Assuntos
Ansiedade , Humanos , Masculino , Ontário/epidemiologia , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Transversais , Adulto Jovem , Adolescente , Ansiedade/psicologia , Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/epidemiologia , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/psicologia , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/economia , Vaping/psicologia , Vaping/epidemiologia , Vaping/economia , Idoso , Estresse Psicológico/psicologia , Estresse Financeiro/psicologia , Sistemas Eletrônicos de Liberação de Nicotina/economia , Sistemas Eletrônicos de Liberação de Nicotina/estatística & dados numéricos
3.
Psychol Health Med ; 29(3): 505-513, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36971513

RESUMO

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to be a public health concern, with important impacts on individuals' mental health. Many people have experienced significant changes to their daily routines due to the pandemic and for some, returning to pre-pandemic routines could create elevated stress. The present study explored factors associated with stress about returning to pre-pandemic routines (SRPR). A web-based, cross-sectional survey of 1,001 Canadian adults aged 18 years and older was conducted on July 9-13, 2021. SRPR was assessed by asking the respondents how much stress they have been feeling about returning to their pre-pandemic routines. Sociodemographic variables, anxiety, depression, loneliness, and COVID-19-related worry were examined in relation to SRPR. Overall, 28.8% of respondents reported moderate to extreme SRPR. After adjusting for covariates, factors associated with elevated SRPR included: younger age (AOR = 2.29, 95%CI 1.30-4.03), higher education (AOR = 2.08, 95%CI 1.14-3.79), being very worried about getting COVID-19 (AOR = 4.14, 95%CI 2.46-6.95), switching to working from home (AOR = 2.43, 95%CI 1.44-4.11), having anxiety (AOR = 5.02, 95%CI 3.19-7.89), feeling depressed (AOR = 1.93, 95%CI 1.14-3.25), and feeling lonely (AOR = 1.74, 95%CI 1.07-2.83). The findings of this study suggest that individuals experiencing mental health concerns (anxiety, feeling depressed, feeling lonely) may be especially likely to feel elevated SRPR and may therefore need additional support in making the transition back to prior routines.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , População Norte-Americana , Pandemias , Adulto , Humanos , Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Canadá/epidemiologia , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Depressão/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem
4.
Alcohol Alcohol ; 57(2): 190-197, 2022 Mar 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34387658

RESUMO

AIM: To examine whether changes in alcohol consumption in Canada since the start of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic are associated with feelings of anxiety, depression, loneliness and/or with changes in employment due to COVID-19. METHODS: Data collection occurred between 29 May 2020 and 23 March 2021 via a web panel, AskingCanadians, which sampled 5892 adults (≥18 years of age). Data were collected on changes in alcohol consumption compared to before the pandemic (ordinal variable ranging from 1='much less alcohol' to 5='much more alcohol'), anxiety (General Anxiety Disorder-7), self-perceived depression (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale), self-perceived loneliness, changes in employment status due to COVID-19 and socio-demographic variables (age, gender, living situation, household income and urban vs rural residence). Multivariate associations were assessed using ordinal logistic regression. Effect modification by gender was tested using likelihood-ratio tests. RESULTS: Changes in alcohol consumption were positively associated with anxiety, feeling depressed and loneliness. In particular, people with mild to moderate (ordered Odds Ratio (OR):1.23, 95% Confidence Interval (CI):1.07, 1.62) or severe anxiety (ordered OR:1.49, 95% CI:1.15, 1.93) had a greater odds of increased drinking than did people with no to low levels of anxiety. Gender, age, household income, living situation and survey wave were also associated with changes in drinking. No effect modifications by gender were observed. CONCLUSION: Given the health harms caused by alcohol use, public health practitioners and primary care physicians should focus health messaging to identify and support individuals at risk of increased alcohol consumption, especially people experiencing depression, loneliness or anxiety.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Pandemias , Adulto , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/epidemiologia , Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Transtornos de Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Canadá/epidemiologia , Depressão/epidemiologia , Humanos , Solidão , Autoimagem
5.
Subst Use Misuse ; 57(13): 1953-1960, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36126159

RESUMO

Background: The use of electronic cigarettes and cannabis has significantly increased in recent years, which raises public health concerns. There are also concerns about the association of these substances with drinking behaviors. The main objective of the present study is to examine the association of e-cigarettes and/or cannabis use with heavy episodic drinking (HED) among Ontario adults. Methods: The sample consisted of 5,564 adults from the Monitor Survey in 2018 and 2019. Cannabis and e-cigarette use reflected any use of the substances in the past 12 months. HED was defined as consumption of four/five or more drinks on a single occasion at least monthly in the past 12 months. Odds ratios (OR) were estimated from logistic regression models accounting for complex survey design and sociodemographic factors. Results: Overall, the prevalence of HED was 17.5% in 2018 and 2019. Among participants who reported both e-cigarette and cannabis use, about one-half (50.4%) reported HED at least monthly. Adjusting for covariates, the odds of HED were 5.71 (95%CI, 3.92-8.30) times higher among those who reported both e-cigarette and cannabis use compared to those who used neither substance. Conclusions: The use of e-cigarettes and cannabis are significantly associated with heavy episodic drinking among adults, indicating that those who engage in the dual use of e-cigarette and cannabis may be an important group to target with intervention programs.


Assuntos
Cannabis , Sistemas Eletrônicos de Liberação de Nicotina , Vaping , Adulto , Humanos , Ontário/epidemiologia , Vaping/epidemiologia , Razão de Chances , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/epidemiologia
6.
Occup Environ Med ; 75(1): 6-11, 2018 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28756417

RESUMO

PURPOSE: Work-related psychosocial factors may precipitate the onset of depression. In occupational mental health research, there are three widely used theoretical models, namely, job demand and control (JD-C), effort-reward imbalance (ERI) and work-family conflicts (WFC). However, the interaction between these models and their combined effect on the risk of major depression in the workplace is largely unknown. The aim of this study is to examine the longitudinal combined effects of JD-C, ERI and WFC on the risk of major depression in the working population. METHODS: Longitudinal data (2008-2013) were collected on randomly selected participants (n=4200) from the working population of the province of Alberta, Canada, at baseline and 1-, 2-, 3- and 4-year follow-up. Data about JD-C, ERI, WFC and major depression were collected by trained interviewers using a computer-assisted telephone interviewing method. Generalised estimating equations for longitudinal modelling were used. RESULTS: There was an independent association between high ERI and high WFC at tx and major depression at tx+1 (OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.25 to 1.96; OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.16 to 1.52), respectively. The combined effects of JD-C and ERI, ERI and WFC, and WFC and JD-C on the risk of major depression were as follows: OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.22 to 2.42, OR 2.47, 95% CI 1.99 to 3.49 and OR 2.21, 95% CI 1.48 to 3.30, respectively. The relative excess risks attributable to the interactions were statistically non-significant. CONCLUSIONS: Work-related psychosocial factors are associated with increased risk of major depression over time, but their combined effect is not synergistic. The effects of the factors depicted in the three occupational health models on the risk of major depression appear to be additive.


Assuntos
Depressão/etiologia , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/etiologia , Satisfação no Emprego , Estresse Ocupacional/complicações , Recompensa , Equilíbrio Trabalho-Vida , Carga de Trabalho , Adulto , Alberta , Feminino , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Saúde Ocupacional , Poder Psicológico , Fatores de Risco , Inquéritos e Questionários , Local de Trabalho
7.
Eur J Public Health ; 27(6): 965-971, 2017 12 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29020407

RESUMO

Background: Evidence lacks on whether obesity along with major depression (MD)/anxiety leads to higher health care use (HCU) and health care-related costs (HCC) compared with either condition alone. The objective of the study was to examine the longitudinal associations of obesity, MD/anxiety, and their combination with HCU and HCC. Methods: Longitudinal data (2004-2013) among N = 2706 persons at baseline and 2-,4-, and 6-year follow-up were collected on obesity, MD/anxiety and HCU. Results: The combination of obesity and MD/anxiety was associated with an increased risk of primary and specialty care visits, and of hospitalizations, odds ratios (95%-confidence intervals): 1.83 (1.44; 2.34), 1.31 (1.06; 1.61) and 1.79 (1.40; 2.29) compared to non-obese and non-depressed individuals. The primary and specialty care costs were higher in persons with obesity and MD/anxiety than in persons without these conditions, but the relative excess risk due to interactions between obesity and MD/anxiety regarding HCU and HCC were not statistically significant (i.e. no synergistic effect). Conclusions: Obesity along with MD/anxiety leads to higher HCU and HCC over time. However, the HCC associated with the joint presence of both conditions are not higher than the sum of the HCC due to each condition independently.


Assuntos
Transtornos de Ansiedade/economia , Atenção à Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/economia , Custos de Cuidados de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Obesidade/economia , Adulto , Transtornos de Ansiedade/complicações , Transtornos de Ansiedade/terapia , Atenção à Saúde/economia , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/complicações , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/terapia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Obesidade/complicações , Obesidade/terapia
8.
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol ; 52(10): 1205-1215, 2017 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28577211

RESUMO

PURPOSE: To examine prognostic factors for return to work (RTW) of employees with common mental disorders (CMDs). METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed using data from 18 published cohort studies with 24,579 participants. The studies were identified from MEDLINE/PubMed, PsycINFO, EMBASE, SocINDEX, and Human resource management databases from 1995 to 2016. Two authors independently screened selected studies and assessed the quality of the studies as well as the extracted data. RESULTS: We screened 7755 abstracts, from which 211 full text articles were reviewed. Eighteen cohort studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. Significant prognostic factors for RTW included age, contact with medical specialists, RTW-self-efficacy, and work ability. The pooled hazard ratios and 95% confidence interval (CI) for age, RTW-SE, contact with medical specialists, and high work ability/low work demands in relation to RTW were 0.77 (95% CI 0.65-0.88), 1.79 (95% CI 1.24-2.33), 0.64 (95% CI 0.49-0.80) and 1.08 (95% CI 1.06-1.11), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Self-efficacy (SE) is a key factor in the enhancement of work ability and RTW. Improving employee's SE and collaborating with employers to enhance work ability may help to facilitate RTW. As the RTW process is complex, exploring theoretical frameworks for RTW in individuals with a CMD is also needed.


Assuntos
Transtornos Mentais/reabilitação , Retorno ao Trabalho , Estudos de Coortes , Humanos , Transtornos Mentais/psicologia , Prognóstico , Autoeficácia
9.
BMC Psychiatry ; 16: 256, 2016 07 22.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27450447

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Multivariable risk prediction algorithms are useful for making clinical decisions and for health planning. While prediction algorithms for new onset of major depression in the primary care attendees in Europe and elsewhere have been developed, the performance of these algorithms in different populations is not known. The objective of this study was to validate the PredictD algorithm for new onset of major depressive episode (MDE) in the US general population. METHODS: Longitudinal study design was conducted with approximate 3-year follow-up data from a nationally representative sample of the US general population. A total of 29,621 individuals who participated in Wave 1 and 2 of the US National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) and who did not have an MDE in the past year at Wave 1 were included. The PredictD algorithm was directly applied to the selected participants. MDE was assessed by the Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule, based on the DSM-IV criteria. RESULTS: Among the participants, 8 % developed an MDE over three years. The PredictD algorithm had acceptable discriminative power (C-statistics = 0.708, 95 % CI: 0.696, 0.720), but poor calibration (p < 0.001) with the NESARC data. In the European primary care attendees, the algorithm had a C-statistics of 0.790 (95 % CI: 0.767, 0.813) with a perfect calibration. CONCLUSIONS: The PredictD algorithm has acceptable discrimination, but the calibration capacity was poor in the US general population despite of re-calibration. Therefore, based on the results, at current stage, the use of PredictD in the US general population for predicting individual risk of MDE is not encouraged. More independent validation research is needed.


Assuntos
Algoritmos , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/epidemiologia , Adulto , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/diagnóstico , Manual Diagnóstico e Estatístico de Transtornos Mentais , Feminino , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Prevalência , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Medição de Risco/métodos , Fatores de Risco , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia
11.
Am J Public Health ; 105(5): e80-6, 2015 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25790401

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: We examined the longitudinal effect of obesity, major depression, and their combination on work performance impairment (WPI). METHODS: We collected longitudinal data (2004-2013) on 1726 paid employees from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety at baseline and 2-, 4-, and 6-year follow-up. We defined obesity with body mass index and waist circumference. We diagnosed major depression with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview 2.1. We assessed work performance impairment with a questionnaire for illness-associated costs. We used generalized estimating equations for modeling, and estimated interaction on the additive scale. RESULTS: Obesity, abdominal obesity, and major depression were longitudinally associated with increased risk of high WPI. The combinations of obesity and major depression, and of abdominal obesity and major depression were associated with increased risk of high WPI (odds ratios of 2.36 [95% confidence interval = 1.61, 3.44] and 1.88 [95% confidence interval = 1.40, 2.53], respectively), but the relative excess risks attributable to interaction were nonsignificant. CONCLUSIONS: The longitudinal joint effect of obesity and major depression on high WPI implies that obesity intervention may be more beneficial for individuals with major depression than those without regarding risk of high WPI, if confirmed in a large, representative sample.


Assuntos
Transtorno Depressivo Maior/epidemiologia , Avaliação da Deficiência , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Trabalho/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Índice de Massa Corporal , Pesos e Medidas Corporais , Feminino , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Países Baixos/epidemiologia , Obesidade Abdominal/epidemiologia
12.
BMC Public Health ; 15: 350, 2015 Apr 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25880736

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Obesity and major depressive disorder (MDD) are important public health problems. MDD is a heterogeneous disorder and the direction of its association with obesity remains unclear. Evidence grows that recurrent MDD (MDD-R) differs in etiology and prognosis from single episode MDD (MDD-S), which could affect associations with obesity. However, evidence on this differential effect is lacking. The aim of this study was to examine the direction of the association between obesity and MDD, single or recurrent episode. METHODS: A longitudinal study was performed in a cohort of 1094 participants of the PREVEND study, on whom data were collected at baseline and at an average 2-year follow-up. MDD-S and MDD-R were assessed by the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 2.1). Obesity was defined as Body Mass Index ≥ 30 kg/m(2). Binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine whether obesity predicts MDD-S/MDD-R or vice versa, adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS: Prospective analyses showed that BMI at baseline was associated with the onset of MDD-R (Odds ratio, OR = 1.32; 95% confidence interval, 95%CI: 1.11; 1.57) during 2-year follow-up, but not with the onset of MDD-S (OR = 0.98; 95%CI: 0.89; 1.07). Obesity at baseline was not associated with the onset of MDD-S during follow-up (OR = 0.75; 95%CI: 0.25; 2.30), but associated with the onset of MDD-R during follow-up (OR = 11.63; 95%CI: 1.05; 128.60). Neither MDD-S nor MDD-R were associated with the development of obesity during 2-year follow-up (OR = 1.67, 95%CI: 0.64; 4.29 and OR = 2.32, 95%CI: 0.82; 6.58, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings add to the available evidence that obesity might specifically be associated with the onset of multiple episodes of major depression (MDD-R). Although the reverse association was not found, MDD-R tends to be also associated with subsequent development of obesity, but larger studies are needed to fully assess this issue. The heterogeneity of MDD should be considered when examining the effect of obesity on MDD.


Assuntos
Transtorno Depressivo Maior/epidemiologia , Nível de Saúde , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Adulto , Índice de Massa Corporal , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/diagnóstico , Feminino , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Países Baixos , Obesidade/diagnóstico , Razão de Chances , Estudos Prospectivos , Recidiva , Fatores de Risco
13.
Prev Med Rep ; 44: 102805, 2024 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39035360

RESUMO

Objectives: We characterized trends in medical cannabis use; examined characteristics associated with medical cannabis use without medical authorization; and examined the association between recreational cannabis legalization and medical cannabis use in Ontario, Canada. Methods: Data were from a repeated, population-based, cross-sectional survey of adults (N = 19,543; 2014-2019). Cannabis use was categorized as either medical cannabis use, recreational cannabis use or no cannabis use. The analytical strategy included jointpoint regression, logistic regression and multinomial logistic regression. Results: Medical cannabis use increased from 4 % to 11 % (Annual Percentage Change [APC]: 25 %, 95 % Confidence Interval [CI]: 17 %-33 %) and recreational cannabis use increased from 9 % to 15 % (APC: 9 %, 95 % CI: 3 %-15 %) between 2014 and 2019. Being 18 to 29 years old compared with being 65+ years old was associated with an increased likelihood of medical cannabis use without medical authorization (Odds Ratio [OR]: 4.05, 95 % CI: 2.12-7.72), while being of fair or poor self-perceived health compared with excellent, very good or good self-perceived health (OR: 0.61, 95 % CI: 0.40-0.95) was associated with a decreased likelihood of medical cannabis use without medical authorization. Recreational cannabis legalization was associated with an increased likelihood of medical cannabis use compared with no cannabis use (OR: 1.48, 95 % CI: 1.19-1.85) and of recreational cannabis use compared with no cannabis use (OR: 1.35, 95 % CI: 1.11-1.65). Conclusions: Although medical cannabis use increased, it was largely used without medical authorization. Guidance and education that encourages medical usage under clinical supervision is recommended, and mitigation of known barriers to medical cannabis authorization.

14.
Drug Alcohol Rev ; 43(3): 764-774, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38015010

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Cannabis legalisation was enacted on 17 October 2018 in Canada. Accordingly, the effects of cannabis legalisation on patterns of cannabis consumption were examined among adolescents, including on cannabis initiation, any cannabis use, daily cannabis use and cannabis dependence. METHODS: Data from a biennial population-based, cross-sectional survey of students in Ontario were pooled in a pre-post design (2001-2019; N = 89,238). Participants provided self-reports of cannabis initiation, any cannabis use, daily cannabis use and cannabis dependence. Long-term trends in these patterns of cannabis consumption over two decades of observation were characterised to provide a broader context of usage. The effects of cannabis legalisation on patterns of cannabis consumption were quantified using logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: Long-term trends over the two decades of observation indicated that cannabis initiation decreased and then increased (p = 0.0220), any cannabis use decreased and daily cannabis use decreased (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0001, respectively) and cannabis dependence remained unchanged (p = 0.1187). However, in comparisons between the pre-cannabis legalisation period (2001-2017) and the post-cannabis legalisation period (2019), cannabis legalisation was not associated with cannabis initiation (odds ratio; 95% confidence interval 1.00; 0.79-1.27), but it was associated with an increased likelihood of any cannabis use (1.31; 1.12-1.53), daily cannabis use (1.40; 1.09-1.80) and cannabis dependence (1.98; 1.29-3.04). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Cannabis legalisation was not associated with cannabis initiation, but it was associated with an increased likelihood of any cannabis use, daily cannabis use and cannabis dependence.


Assuntos
Cannabis , Alucinógenos , Abuso de Maconha , Adolescente , Humanos , Ontário/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Abuso de Maconha/epidemiologia
15.
Drug Alcohol Depend ; 255: 111060, 2024 Feb 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38181618

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The impacts of cannabis legalization on driving under the influence of cannabis and driving under the influence of alcohol among adults and adolescents were examined in Ontario, Canada. METHODS: Data were sourced from adult (N=38,479) and adolescent (N=23,216) populations-based surveys (2001-2019). The associations between cannabis legalization and driving within an hour of using cannabis and driving within an hour of drinking two or more drinks of alcohol were quantified using logistic regression, with testing of multiplicative interactions between cannabis legalization and age and sex. All analyses were conducted separately for adults and adolescents and restricted to participants with a valid driver's license. RESULTS: Cannabis legalization was not associated with driving within an hour of using cannabis among adults (OR, 95% CI: 1.21, 0.69-2.11). However, a multiplicative interaction indicated that there was an increased likelihood of driving within an hour of using cannabis among adults ≥55 years of age (4.23, 1.85-9.71) pre-post cannabis legalization. Cannabis legalization was not associated with driving within an hour of using cannabis among adolescents (0.92, 0.72-1.16), or with driving within an hour of consuming two or more drinks of alcohol among adults (0.78, 0.51-1.20) or adolescents (0.87, 0.42-1.82). CONCLUSIONS: An increased likelihood of driving under the influence of cannabis among adults ≥55 years of age was detected in the year following cannabis legalization, suggesting the need for greater public awareness and education and police monitoring and enforcement concerning driving under the influence of cannabis, particularly among older adults.


Assuntos
Cannabis , Dirigir sob a Influência , Alucinógenos , Humanos , Adolescente , Idoso , Ontário/epidemiologia , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/epidemiologia , Canadá , Etanol , Legislação de Medicamentos , Agonistas de Receptores de Canabinoides
16.
Int J Soc Psychiatry ; 69(3): 774-783, 2023 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36373945

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Canadian households experienced unexpected changes in their economic well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. The extent of the impact of the pandemic on household debt and its effect on health and mental health remains unknown. AIM: The aim of the study was to examine the associations of change in household debt due to COVID-19 with serious psychological distress (SPD) and general health measures. METHODS: Data were from the 2020 Monitor study, a repeated cross-sectional survey of adults 18 years and older in Ontario, Canada. The 2020 cycle employed a web-based panel survey of 3,033 adults. The survey included measures of change in household debt due to the COVID-19 pandemic, mental and general health. Odds ratios (OR) were estimated from logistic regression models accounting for sociodemographic factors. RESULTS: Overall, 17.5% of respondents reported that their household debt increased due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Such an increase in household debt was significantly associated with SPD (OR = 2.92, 95% CI, 2.05-4.16), fair/poor mental health (OR = 2.02, 95% CI, 1.59-2.56), frequent mental distress days (OR = 1.80, 95% CI, 1.31-2.48), fair/poor general health (OR = 1.93, 95% CI, 1.47-2.52), and suicidal ideation (OR = 3.71, 95% CI, 2.41-5.70) after adjusting for potential confounders including education, income and employment. CONCLUSIONS: Household debt during the COVID-19 pandemic is an important determinant of health. Individuals who reported an increase in household debt due to COVID-19 were more likely to report serious mental health concerns including suicidal ideation. This suggests that debt-related interventions may be needed to alleviate the adverse effects of indebtedness on health.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Saúde Mental , Adulto , Humanos , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Ontário/epidemiologia , Canadá , Estudos Transversais , Pandemias
17.
Drug Alcohol Rev ; 42(5): 1132-1141, 2023 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37022009

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: With changes in norms related to cannabis use and in the regulation of cannabis, understanding trends in cannabis use is important, especially differentiating between trends that affect cohorts of all ages similarly, versus trends that disproportionately affect a younger generation. The present study examined the age-period-cohort (APC) effects on monthly cannabis use among adults in Ontario, Canada over a 24-year period. METHODS: Data were utilised from the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Monitor Survey, an annual repeated cross-sectional survey of adults 18 years of age and older. The present analyses focused on the 1996 to 2019 surveys, which employed a regionally stratified sampling design using computer-assisted telephone interviews (N = 60,171). Monthly use of cannabis stratified by sex were examined. RESULTS: There was about a five-fold increase in monthly cannabis use from 1996 (3.1%) to 2019 (16.6%). The youngest adults use cannabis monthly more, but the patterns of monthly cannabis use appeared to be increasing among older adults. Adults born in the 1950s had higher prevalence of cannabis use (1.25 times more likely to use) compared to those born in 1964, with strongest period effect in 2019. The subgroup analysis of monthly cannabis use by sex showed little variation in APC effects. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: There is a change in patterns of cannabis use among older adults and inclusion of birth cohort dimension improves the explanation of cannabis use trends. Adults in the 1950s birth cohort and increases in the normalisation of cannabis use could also be the key to explaining increasing monthly cannabis use.


Assuntos
Cannabis , Humanos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Efeito de Coortes , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos e Questionários , Ontário/epidemiologia
18.
Drug Alcohol Depend ; 244: 109765, 2023 03 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36652851

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: In the context of cannabis legalization in Canada, we examined the effects on cannabis patterns of consumption, including cannabis use, daily cannabis use and cannabis-related problems. In addition, we examined differential effects of cannabis legalization by age and sex. METHODS: A pre-post design was operationalized by combining 19 iterations of the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH) Monitor Surveys (N = 52,260; 2001-2019): repeated, population-based, cross-sectional surveys of adults in Ontario. Participants provided self-reports of cannabis use (past 12 months), daily cannabis use (past 12 months) and cannabis-related problems though telephone interviews. The effects of cannabis legalization on cannabis patterns of consumption were examined using logistic regression analyses, with testing of two-way interactions to determine differential effects by age and sex. RESULTS: Cannabis use prevalence increased from 11 % to 26 % (p < 0.0001), daily cannabis use prevalence increased from 1 % to 6 % (p < 0.0001) and cannabis-related problems prevalence increased from 6 % to 14 % (p < 0.0001) between 2001 and 2019. Cannabis legalization was associated with an increased likelihood of cannabis use (OR, 95 % CI: 1.62, 1.40-1.86), daily cannabis use (1.59, 1.21-2.07) and cannabis-related problems (1.53, 1.20-1.95). For cannabis-related problems, a significant two-way interaction was observed between cannabis legalization and age (p = 0.0001), suggesting differential effects among adults ≥55 years. CONCLUSIONS: Cannabis legalization was associated with an increased likelihood of cannabis use, daily cannabis use and cannabis-related problems. Given increases in these cannabis patterns of consumption, broader dissemination and uptake of targeted prevention tools is indicated.


Assuntos
Cannabis , Adulto , Humanos , Ontário/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Canadá/epidemiologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Autorrelato , Legislação de Medicamentos
19.
Stress Health ; 38(1): 38-46, 2022 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34038026

RESUMO

Considering the widespread use of cannabis and opioids, examining the use of cannabis, opioids and their combination with serious psychological distress (SPD) is important. A total of N = 12,358 adults participating in the Monitor surveillance study between 2014 and 2019 were included. Cannabis and opioid use reflected any use of the substances in the past 12 months. SPD was defined as having a score of 13 or more on the Kessler-6 questionnaire, a 6-item scale that includes feeling nervous, hopeless, restless or fidgety, sad or depressed. Odds ratios (ORs) were estimated from logistic regression models accounting for complex survey design and sociodemographic factors. Overall, 12.8% of the sample reported cannabis use only, 18% reported opioid use only, and 4.9% reported both cannabis and opioid use. Use of both cannabis and opioids was significantly associated with SPD in both women (OR = 4.24; 95% CI, 2.34 to 7.69), and in men (OR = 2.99; 95% CI, 1.56 to 5.73) compared to use of neither. The joint association of cannabis and opioids with SPD was additive. Addressing those who use both cannabis and opioids may help reduce the burden of SPD among adults in Ontario.


Assuntos
Cannabis , Angústia Psicológica , Adulto , Analgésicos Opioides/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Ontário/epidemiologia , Estresse Psicológico/epidemiologia
20.
PLoS One ; 17(11): e0277243, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36327340

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Household composition may be an important factor associated with anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic as people spend more time at home due to physical distancing and lockdown restrictions. Adults living with children-especially women-may be particularly vulnerable to anxiety as they balance additional childcare responsibilities and homeschooling with work. The objective of this study was to examine the association between household composition and anxiety symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic and explore gender as an effect modifier. METHODS: Data were derived from seven waves of a national online survey of Canadian adults aged 18+ years from May 2020 to March 2021, which used quota sampling by age, gender, and region proportional to the English-speaking Canadian population (n = 7,021). Multivariable logistic and modified least-squares regression models were used. RESULTS: Compared to those living alone, significantly greater odds of anxiety symptoms were observed among single parents/guardians (aOR = 2.00; 95%CI: 1.41-2.84), those living with adult(s) and child(ren) (aOR = 1.39; 95%CI: 1.10-1.76), and those living with adult(s) only (aOR = 1.22; 95%CI: 1.00-1.49). Gender was a significant effect modifier on the additive scale (p = 0.0487) such that the association between living with child(ren) and anxiety symptoms was stronger among men than women. CONCLUSION: Additional tailored supports are needed to address anxiety among adults living with children-especially men-during the COVID-19 pandemic and future infectious disease events.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Adulto , Masculino , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Pandemias , Canadá/epidemiologia , Controle de Doenças Transmissíveis , Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Ansiedade/diagnóstico , Depressão/epidemiologia
SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
Detalhe da pesquisa