Prognostic factors for the feasibility of chemotherapy and the Geriatric Prognostic Index (GPI) as risk profile for mortality before chemotherapy in the elderly.

BACKGROUND: Comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) is a multidimensional method to detect frailty in elderly patients. Time saving could be accomplished by identifying those individual items that classify elderly cancer patients at risk for feasibility of chemotherapy and for mortality. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients older than 70 years of age were assessed before the first chemotherapy administration. GA consisted of the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE), Groningen Frailty Indicator (GFI) and Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). Predictive individual items for feasibility of chemotherapy and mortality were entered in the multivariable logistic regression and Cox-regression models, and a three-item sum scale was constructed: the Geriatric Prognostic Index (GPI). RESULTS: The 494 patients had a median age of 75 years (range 70-92 years). The majority of the patients had malignancies of the digestive tract (41.7%) followed by hematological tumors (22.3%). Three items of the MNA ('psychological distress or acute disease in the past three months', 'neuropsychological problems' and 'using > 3 prescript drugs') independently predicted for feasibility of chemotherapy. Two items of the MNA and one of the GFI ('declining food intake in past 3 months', 'using > 3 prescript drugs', and 'dependence in shopping') independently predicted for mortality. In comparison with patients without any positive item on the three-item GPI, patients with one, two or three positive items had hazard ratios (HRs) of 1.58, 2.32, and 5.58, respectively (all p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: With only three items of the MNA, feasibility of chemotherapy can be predicted. The three-item GPI may help to identify elderly cancer patients at elevated risk for mortality.

Prognostic factors for the feasibility of chemotherapy and the Geriatric Prognostic Index (GPI) as risk profile for mortality before chemotherapy in the elderly.

BACKGROUND: Comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) is a multidimensional method to detect frailty in elderly patients. Time saving could be accomplished by identifying those individual items that classify elderly cancer patients at risk for feasibility of chemotherapy and for mortality. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients older than 70 years of age were assessed before the first chemotherapy administration. GA consisted of the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE), Groningen Frailty Indicator (GFI) and Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). Predictive individual items for feasibility of chemotherapy and mortality were entered in the multivariable logistic regression and Cox-regression models, and a three-item sum scale was constructed: the Geriatric Prognostic Index (GPI). RESULTS: The 494 patients had a median age of 75 years (range 70-92 years). The majority of the patients had malignancies of the digestive tract (41.7%) followed by hematological tumors (22.3%). Three items of the MNA ('psychological distress or acute disease in the past three months', 'neuropsychological problems' and 'using > 3 prescript drugs') independently predicted for feasibility of chemotherapy. Two items of the MNA and one of the GFI ('declining food intake in past 3 months', 'using > 3 prescript drugs', and 'dependence in shopping') independently predicted for mortality. In comparison with patients without any positive item on the three-item GPI, patients with one, two or three positive items had hazard ratios (HRs) of 1.58, 2.32, and 5.58, respectively (all p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: With only three items of the MNA, feasibility of chemotherapy can be predicted. The three-item GPI may help to identify elderly cancer patients at elevated risk for mortality.

Physical activity and survival of postmenopausal, hormone receptor-positive breast cancer patients: results of the Tamoxifen Exemestane Adjuvant Multicenter Lifestyle study.

BACKGROUND: Physical activity has been related to improved breast cancer outcomes. Especially in the older breast cancer population, physical activity may be important because old age is associated with comorbidities and decreased physical function. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation between physical activity and overall survival, breast cancer-specific survival, and recurrence in several age groups of postmenopausal breast cancer patients. METHODS: The Tamoxifen Exemestane Adjuvant Multinational Lifestyle study was a side study of the Tamoxifen Exemestane Adjuvant Multinational trial and prospectively investigated lifestyle habits of postmenopausal, hormone receptor-positive breast cancer patients. The relations between prediagnosis and postdiagnosis physical activity and overall survival, breast cancer-specific survival, and recurrence-free survival were assessed with Cox regression and competing risk regression models. RESULTS: Among 521 patients, high levels of physical activity before and after the diagnosis were associated with better overall survival (the multivariate hazard ratios were 0.50 [95% confidence interval = 0.26-0.98] and 0.57 (95% confidence interval = 0.26-1.40] for patients who were very active before and after the diagnosis, respectively, in comparison with inactive patients). This was most evident in patients who were 65 years old or older. Physical activity was not significantly associated with breast cancer-specific survival or the relapse-free period. CONCLUSIONS: Overall survival was better for patients who were active before and after the diagnosis. In contrast with previous studies, breast cancer survival and the risk of recurrence were not significantly associated with physical activity. These findings confirmed the need for more studies investigating the use of physical activity to supplement breast cancer treatment in older patients.

Improved guideline compliance after a 3-year audit of multidisciplinary colorectal cancer care in the western part of the Netherlands.

BACKGROUND: From 2006 to 2008, an audit of the multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer patients in the western part of the Netherlands was carried out. We evaluated whether compliance with guidelines had improved. METHODS: All patients with newly diagnosed and surgically treated colon (n = 1,667) and rectal cancer (n = 544) stage I-III were evaluated. Nine quality indicators were derived from the evidence-based guidelines. In order to compare hospital performances, hospital results were adjusted for casemix differences between hospitals. RESULTS: Colon cancer patients showed an increase in the examination of 10 or more lymph nodes (from 53% to 78%, P < 0.0001). For rectal cancer patients there was an increase in preoperative visualisation of the total colon (63-74%, P = 0.02), MRI (73-85%, P = 0.003), radiotherapy (from 82% to 93% for patients <75 years, P = 0.01) and examination of at least 10 lymph nodes (40-55%, P = 0.004). In 2006, standardised hospital performances differed widely for all quality indicators. Two years later, hospital performances for some quality indicators were more similar. CONCLUSIONS: After the feedback of benchmark information, compliance with guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer patients improved, and differences between individual hospitals decreased. Although secular trends cannot be ruled out, it is highly likely that these results can be attributed to the audit.